Kimishige Ishizaka
Encyclopedia
Dr is a Japan
ese scientist who discovered the antibody class IgE
in 1966. His work has been regarded as a major breakthrough in the understanding of allergy
. He was awarded the 1973 Gairdner Foundation International Award
and the 2000 Japan Prize
for his work in immunology
. He was elected a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences
in 1983. Pupils include Tadamitsu Kishimoto, who worked with him at Johns Hopkins. He conducted much of his scientific work together with his wife, Teruka (Terry).
from the University of Tokyo
. From 1953 to 1962 he headed the immunoserology division at the department of serology
at the Japanese National Institute of Health. During his position there he spent two years as a research fellow Caltech
(1957-1959).
He settled permanently in the US in 1962, when he assumed the post of assistant professor of microbiology
at the University of Colorado Medical School, as well as chief of immunology of its associated
Children's Asthma Research Institute and Hospital Children's Asthma Research Institute and Hospital. He was promoted to associate professor in 1965. It was in Denver that he discovered IgE and its interplay with mast cell
s.
In 1970, Ishizaka was appointed as O'Neill Professor of Medicine and Microbiology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, as well as Professor of Biology at the Faculty of Arts and Science. He worked there until 1989, when many of his junior researchers lost their research funding, and he became scientific director (and president from 1990) of the new La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology
in La Jolla
, which was being set up with support from the Kirin Brewery Company
.
He retired in 1996, and returned to Japan.
, and in 1973 the German Paul-Ehrlich-und-Ludwig-Darmstaedter-Preis. 1973 saw him winning the prestigious Gairdner Foundation International Award
, the Takeda Medical Award
and the first Scientific Achievement Award of the International Association of Allergology. In 1974 he received the Asahi Cultural Award, the Emperor's Award by the Japan Academy, and the Japanese Order of Culture
.
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
ese scientist who discovered the antibody class IgE
IGE
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in 1966. His work has been regarded as a major breakthrough in the understanding of allergy
Allergy
An Allergy is a hypersensitivity disorder of the immune system. Allergic reactions occur when a person's immune system reacts to normally harmless substances in the environment. A substance that causes a reaction is called an allergen. These reactions are acquired, predictable, and rapid...
. He was awarded the 1973 Gairdner Foundation International Award
Gairdner Foundation International Award
The Gairdner Foundation International Award is given annually at a special dinner to three to six people for outstanding discoveries or contributions to medical science. Receipt of the Gairdner is traditionally considered a precursor to winning the Nobel Prize in Medicine; as of 2007, 69 Nobel...
and the 2000 Japan Prize
Japan Prize
is awarded to people from all parts of the world whose "original and outstanding achievements in science and technology are recognized as having advanced the frontiers of knowledge and served the cause of peace and prosperity for mankind."- Explanation :...
for his work in immunology
Immunology
Immunology is a broad branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. It deals with the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and diseases; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders ; the...
. He was elected a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences
United States National Academy of Sciences
The National Academy of Sciences is a corporation in the United States whose members serve pro bono as "advisers to the nation on science, engineering, and medicine." As a national academy, new members of the organization are elected annually by current members, based on their distinguished and...
in 1983. Pupils include Tadamitsu Kishimoto, who worked with him at Johns Hopkins. He conducted much of his scientific work together with his wife, Teruka (Terry).
Biography
Ishizaka obtained his medical qualifications and PhDPHD
PHD may refer to:*Ph.D., a doctorate of philosophy*Ph.D. , a 1980s British group*PHD finger, a protein sequence*PHD Mountain Software, an outdoor clothing and equipment company*PhD Docbook renderer, an XML renderer...
from the University of Tokyo
University of Tokyo
, abbreviated as , is a major research university located in Tokyo, Japan. The University has 10 faculties with a total of around 30,000 students, 2,100 of whom are foreign. Its five campuses are in Hongō, Komaba, Kashiwa, Shirokane and Nakano. It is considered to be the most prestigious university...
. From 1953 to 1962 he headed the immunoserology division at the department of serology
Serology
Serology is the scientific study of blood serum and other bodily fluids. In practice, the term usually refers to the diagnostic identification of antibodies in the serum...
at the Japanese National Institute of Health. During his position there he spent two years as a research fellow Caltech
California Institute of Technology
The California Institute of Technology is a private research university located in Pasadena, California, United States. Caltech has six academic divisions with strong emphases on science and engineering...
(1957-1959).
He settled permanently in the US in 1962, when he assumed the post of assistant professor of microbiology
Microbiology
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, which are defined as any microscopic organism that comprises either a single cell , cell clusters or no cell at all . This includes eukaryotes, such as fungi and protists, and prokaryotes...
at the University of Colorado Medical School, as well as chief of immunology of its associated
Children's Asthma Research Institute and Hospital Children's Asthma Research Institute and Hospital. He was promoted to associate professor in 1965. It was in Denver that he discovered IgE and its interplay with mast cell
Mast cell
A mast cell is a resident cell of several types of tissues and contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin...
s.
In 1970, Ishizaka was appointed as O'Neill Professor of Medicine and Microbiology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, as well as Professor of Biology at the Faculty of Arts and Science. He worked there until 1989, when many of his junior researchers lost their research funding, and he became scientific director (and president from 1990) of the new La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology
La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology
La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology is a non-profit biomedical research institution founded in 19881 and located in La Jolla, California...
in La Jolla
La Jolla, San Diego, California
La Jolla is an affluent, hilly seaside resort community, occupying of curving coastline along the Pacific Ocean in Southern California within the northern city limits of San Diego. La Jolla had the highest home prices in the nation in 2008 and 2009; the average price of a standardized...
, which was being set up with support from the Kirin Brewery Company
Kirin Brewery Company
is a Japanese company. It is a member of the Mitsubishi keiretsu.-Overview:Kirin sells two of the most popular beers in Japan, Kirin Lager--the country's oldest beer brand--and Ichiban Shibori. In the happoshu category, Kirin Tanrei is the top seller. Kirin handles domestic distribution for...
.
He retired in 1996, and returned to Japan.
Recognition
Ishizaka received numerous awards for his work in allergy and immunology. In 1972 he received the Passano Foundation AwardPassano Foundation
The Passano Foundation, established in 1945, provides an annual award of $ 100 000 to an American research scientist whose work is thought to have immediate practical benefits. Many Passano laureates have subsequently won the Nobel Prize....
, and in 1973 the German Paul-Ehrlich-und-Ludwig-Darmstaedter-Preis. 1973 saw him winning the prestigious Gairdner Foundation International Award
Gairdner Foundation International Award
The Gairdner Foundation International Award is given annually at a special dinner to three to six people for outstanding discoveries or contributions to medical science. Receipt of the Gairdner is traditionally considered a precursor to winning the Nobel Prize in Medicine; as of 2007, 69 Nobel...
, the Takeda Medical Award
Takeda Awards
The Takeda Foundation, is an organisation based in Japan. In 2001 it launched an annual awards program, which presented awards accompanied by 100 million yen under the categories social/economic well-being, individual/humanity well-being, and world environmental well-being.- Social/Economic...
and the first Scientific Achievement Award of the International Association of Allergology. In 1974 he received the Asahi Cultural Award, the Emperor's Award by the Japan Academy, and the Japanese Order of Culture
Order of Culture
The is a Japanese order, established on February 11, 1937. The order has one class only, and may be awarded to men and women for contributions to Japan's art, literature or culture; recipients of the order also receive an annuity for life...
.