Fyodor Sergeyev
Encyclopedia
Fyodor Andreyevich Sergeyev , better known as Comrade Artyom , was a Russian
revolutionary, Soviet politician, agitator, and journalist. He was a close friend of Sergei Kirov and Stalin. Sergeyev was an ideologist of the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic
.
near the city of Fatezh
in a family of a peasants. In 1901 he finished the Yekaterinoslav
realschule
. He attended the Moscow Imperial Moscow Technical College, but was expelled after throwing a protest on the school campus.
From 1902 he was a member of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
, later remaining with the Bolshevik
faction of the party. He was a prominent party agitator in Yekaterinoslav
, Kursk
, and the Ural mountains
region. In 1905 Sergeyev participated in the armed uprising in Kharkiv
. In 1906 for a short time he headed the Perm party committee. Sergeyev was a member of the 5th congress of Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
after which he was arrested and sentenced to the Nikolayev detention companies, later substituted by an exile to Siberia
.
In 1910 he escaped to Brisbane
, Australia
where he organized the Union of Russian Emmigrants. In 1912 Sergeyev receiving a British citizenship was a chief-editor of "Echo of Australia" and was better known as "Big Tom". He joined the Australian Socialist Party and was involved in trade-unionist opposition to the first world war. In 1917, after the February revolution, he returned to Russian becoming a leader of the Bolshevik
faction in the Kharkiv council.
In October 1917 he was organizer of a military coup-d'etat in Kharkiv and the whole Donets basin
region. At the 1st congress of Soviets in Ukraine he was elected to the Central Executive Committee of Ukraine
and later appointed the Ukrainian Narkom of Trade and Industry. Sergeyev was a chairman of the Sovnarkom of the unrecognized Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic
in Ukraine
and Narkom of Public Economy. His actions secured the nationalization of industrial centers concentrated in the eastern Ukraine
. Sergeyev became one of the organizers of Ukrainian Central Military-Revolutionary Committee in resistance to Central powers
and Kaledin's Cossacks. On March 27 he organized the Donetsk Army by the order of Vladimir Antonov-Ovseyenko, however by the end of April 1918 that army was integrated into the 5th Army of Red Army
headed by Kliment Voroshilov
.
Fyodor Sergeyev perished in 1921 during the test of Aerowagon
.
The city of Bahmut
, former center of Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic
, was renamed in his honor as Artemivsk in 1924. His infant son Artyom Fyodorovich was adopted by Joseph Stalin
.
Russians
The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
revolutionary, Soviet politician, agitator, and journalist. He was a close friend of Sergei Kirov and Stalin. Sergeyev was an ideologist of the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic
Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic
The Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic was a short-lived and never recognized Soviet Republic founded on 12 February 1918 and sought an independence from the Soviet Ukraine...
.
Biography
Sergeyev was born in the village of Glebovo, Kursk Governorate, Russian EmpireRussian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
near the city of Fatezh
Fatezh
Fatezh is a town and the administrative center of Fatezhsky District of Kursk Oblast, Russia, located on the Usozha River north of Kursk. Population: 4,959 .Fatezh was founded as a village in the 17th century and granted town status in 1779...
in a family of a peasants. In 1901 he finished the Yekaterinoslav
Dnipropetrovsk
Dnipropetrovsk or Dnepropetrovsk formerly Yekaterinoslav is Ukraine's third largest city with one million inhabitants. It is located southeast of Ukraine's capital Kiev on the Dnieper River, in the south-central region of the country...
realschule
Realschule
The Realschule is a type of secondary school in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein. It has also existed in Croatia , Denmark , Sweden , Hungary and in the Russian Empire .-History:The Realschule was an outgrowth of the rationalism and empiricism of the seventeenth and...
. He attended the Moscow Imperial Moscow Technical College, but was expelled after throwing a protest on the school campus.
From 1902 he was a member of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party , also known as Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party or Russian Social Democratic Party, was a revolutionary socialist Russian political party formed in 1898 in Minsk to unite the various revolutionary organizations into one party...
, later remaining with the Bolshevik
Bolshevik
The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists , derived from bol'shinstvo, "majority") were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903....
faction of the party. He was a prominent party agitator in Yekaterinoslav
Dnipropetrovsk
Dnipropetrovsk or Dnepropetrovsk formerly Yekaterinoslav is Ukraine's third largest city with one million inhabitants. It is located southeast of Ukraine's capital Kiev on the Dnieper River, in the south-central region of the country...
, Kursk
Kursk
Kursk is a city and the administrative center of Kursk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Kur, Tuskar, and Seym Rivers. The area around Kursk was site of a turning point in the Russian-German struggle during World War II and the site of the largest tank battle in history...
, and the Ural mountains
Ural Mountains
The Ural Mountains , or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the Ural River and northwestern Kazakhstan. Their eastern side is usually considered the natural boundary between Europe and Asia...
region. In 1905 Sergeyev participated in the armed uprising in Kharkiv
Kharkiv
Kharkiv or Kharkov is the second-largest city in Ukraine.The city was founded in 1654 and was a major centre of Ukrainian culture in the Russian Empire. Kharkiv became the first city in Ukraine where the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed in December 1917 and Soviet government was...
. In 1906 for a short time he headed the Perm party committee. Sergeyev was a member of the 5th congress of Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party , also known as Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party or Russian Social Democratic Party, was a revolutionary socialist Russian political party formed in 1898 in Minsk to unite the various revolutionary organizations into one party...
after which he was arrested and sentenced to the Nikolayev detention companies, later substituted by an exile to Siberia
Siberia
Siberia is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th...
.
In 1910 he escaped to Brisbane
Brisbane
Brisbane is the capital and most populous city in the Australian state of Queensland and the third most populous city in Australia. Brisbane's metropolitan area has a population of over 2 million, and the South East Queensland urban conurbation, centred around Brisbane, encompasses a population of...
, Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
where he organized the Union of Russian Emmigrants. In 1912 Sergeyev receiving a British citizenship was a chief-editor of "Echo of Australia" and was better known as "Big Tom". He joined the Australian Socialist Party and was involved in trade-unionist opposition to the first world war. In 1917, after the February revolution, he returned to Russian becoming a leader of the Bolshevik
Bolshevik
The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists , derived from bol'shinstvo, "majority") were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903....
faction in the Kharkiv council.
In October 1917 he was organizer of a military coup-d'etat in Kharkiv and the whole Donets basin
Donets Basin
Donbas or Donbass , full rarely-used name Donets Basin , is a historical, economic and cultural region of eastern Ukraine. Originally a coal mining area, it has become a heavily industrialised territory suffering from urban decay and industrial pollution.-Geography:Donbas covers three...
region. At the 1st congress of Soviets in Ukraine he was elected to the Central Executive Committee of Ukraine
Central Executive Committee of Ukraine
Central Executive Committee of Ukraine was a representative body of the All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets. It was the supreme legislative, administrative, executive controlling state power of the Soviet Ukraine between the sessions of the Congress of Soviets that acted between 1917 until 1938...
and later appointed the Ukrainian Narkom of Trade and Industry. Sergeyev was a chairman of the Sovnarkom of the unrecognized Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic
Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic
The Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic was a short-lived and never recognized Soviet Republic founded on 12 February 1918 and sought an independence from the Soviet Ukraine...
in Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
and Narkom of Public Economy. His actions secured the nationalization of industrial centers concentrated in the eastern Ukraine
East Ukraine
Eastern Ukraine is a geographical term and generally includes territories of Ukraine east of Dnieper river, particularly Sloboda Ukraine, Donets basin, Left-bank Ukraine, the continental part of a historical land of Taurida.-See also:*Novorossiya...
. Sergeyev became one of the organizers of Ukrainian Central Military-Revolutionary Committee in resistance to Central powers
Central Powers
The Central Powers were one of the two warring factions in World War I , composed of the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria...
and Kaledin's Cossacks. On March 27 he organized the Donetsk Army by the order of Vladimir Antonov-Ovseyenko, however by the end of April 1918 that army was integrated into the 5th Army of Red Army
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
headed by Kliment Voroshilov
Kliment Voroshilov
Kliment Yefremovich Voroshilov , popularly known as Klim Voroshilov was a Soviet military officer, politician, and statesman...
.
Fyodor Sergeyev perished in 1921 during the test of Aerowagon
Aerowagon
The Aerowagon or aeromotowagon was an experimental high-speed railcar fitted with an aircraft engine and propeller traction invented by Valerian Abakovsky, a Russian engineer and communist from Latvia...
.
The city of Bahmut
Artemivsk
Artemivsk or Artemovsk is a city in the Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Artemivsky Raion. It is located on the Bahmutka River about 89 km away from the administrative center of the Donetsk Oblast, Donetsk. As of 2005, its population is 80,655.-History:There is...
, former center of Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic
Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic
The Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic was a short-lived and never recognized Soviet Republic founded on 12 February 1918 and sought an independence from the Soviet Ukraine...
, was renamed in his honor as Artemivsk in 1924. His infant son Artyom Fyodorovich was adopted by Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was the Premier of the Soviet Union from 6 May 1941 to 5 March 1953. He was among the Bolshevik revolutionaries who brought about the October Revolution and had held the position of first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee...
.