Francisco do Monte Alverne
Encyclopedia
Francisco do Monte Alverne (August 9, 1784 — December 2, 1858) was a Brazil
ian Franciscan friar
, and the official preacher of the Empire of Brazil.
He is the correspondent patron of the 14th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters
.
people. In 1808, he became a presbyter
, and was given the surname Monte Alverne, in a reference to the mount La Verna
, where Saint Francis of Assisi
received the stigmata
s.
Later he became an ittinerant preacher and Philosophy
teacher. Moving to Rio de Janeiro
in 1816, he was proclaimed the royal preacher. He performed the funeral oration of Empress Consort Maria Leopoldina
in 1826.
From 1836, Monte Alverne started to show signs of blindness
. He moved to a friend's house in Niterói
, where he died in 1858.
Brazilian poet Gonçalves de Magalhães, famous for introducing the Romanticism
in the Brazilian literature
, considers Monte Alverne a forerunner of this movement.
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
ian Franciscan friar
Friar
A friar is a member of one of the mendicant orders.-Friars and monks:...
, and the official preacher of the Empire of Brazil.
He is the correspondent patron of the 14th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters
Academia Brasileira de Letras
Academia Brasileira de Letras is a Brazilian literary non-profit society established at the end of the 19th century by a group of 40 writers and poets inspired by the Académie Française. The first president, Machado de Assis, declared its foundation on December 15, 1896, with the statutes being...
.
Life
Monte Alverne was born Francisco José de Carvalho in 1784, to João Antônio da Silva and Ana Francisca da Conceição. In 1802, he entered a Franciscan monastery, where he studied alongside 11 Brazilians and 11 PortuguesePortuguese people
The Portuguese are a nation and ethnic group native to the country of Portugal, in the west of the Iberian peninsula of south-west Europe. Their language is Portuguese, and Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion....
people. In 1808, he became a presbyter
Presbyter
Presbyter in the New Testament refers to a leader in local Christian congregations, then a synonym of episkopos...
, and was given the surname Monte Alverne, in a reference to the mount La Verna
La Verna
La Verna, in Latin Alverna and geographically known as Monte Penna, is a locality on Mount Penna, an isolated mountain of 1,283 m situated in the centre of the Tuscan Apennines, rising above the valley of the Casentino, central Italy...
, where Saint Francis of Assisi
Francis of Assisi
Saint Francis of Assisi was an Italian Catholic friar and preacher. He founded the men's Franciscan Order, the women’s Order of St. Clare, and the lay Third Order of Saint Francis. St...
received the stigmata
Stigmata
Stigmata are bodily marks, sores, or sensations of pain in locations corresponding to the crucifixion wounds of Jesus, such as the hands and feet...
s.
Later he became an ittinerant preacher and Philosophy
Philosophy
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational...
teacher. Moving to Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...
in 1816, he was proclaimed the royal preacher. He performed the funeral oration of Empress Consort Maria Leopoldina
Maria Leopoldina of Austria
Maria Leopoldina of Austria was an archduchess of Austria, Empress consort of Brazil and queen consort of Portugal....
in 1826.
From 1836, Monte Alverne started to show signs of blindness
Blindness
Blindness is the condition of lacking visual perception due to physiological or neurological factors.Various scales have been developed to describe the extent of vision loss and define blindness...
. He moved to a friend's house in Niterói
Niterói
Niterói is a municipality in the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeast region of Brazil. It has an estimated population of 487,327 inhabitants and an area of ², being the sixth most populous city in the state and the highest Human Development Index. Integrates the Metropolitan Region of Rio de...
, where he died in 1858.
Brazilian poet Gonçalves de Magalhães, famous for introducing the Romanticism
Romanticism
Romanticism was an artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe, and gained strength in reaction to the Industrial Revolution...
in the Brazilian literature
Literature of Brazil
Brazilian literature is written in the Portuguese language by Brazilians or in Brazil, even if prior to Brazil's independence from Portugal, in 1822...
, considers Monte Alverne a forerunner of this movement.
Works
- Obras Oratórias (18331833 in literatureThe year 1833 in literature involved some significant new books.-Events:*Alphonse de Lamartine is elected a député of France.*Parley's Magazine, an American periodical for young readers, publishes its first issue.-New Books:*Honoré de Balzac...
— in 4 volumes) - Compêndio de Filosofia (18591859 in literatureThe year 1859 in literature involved some significant new books.-Events:*George Eliot's novel Adam Bede is accused of being the "vile outpourings of a lewd woman's mind" in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and was consequently withdrawn from libraries.*30 April - Charles Dickens's...
— posthumous), in which he defends the EclecticismEclecticismEclecticism is a conceptual approach that does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions, but instead draws upon multiple theories, styles, or ideas to gain complementary insights into a subject, or applies different theories in particular cases.It can sometimes seem inelegant or...
and the ideals of John LockeJohn LockeJohn Locke FRS , widely known as the Father of Liberalism, was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers. Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Francis Bacon, he is equally important to social...
and Étienne Bonnot de CondillacÉtienne Bonnot de CondillacÉtienne Bonnot de Condillac was a French philosopher and epistemologist who studied in such areas as psychology and the philosophy of the mind.-Biography:...
, and fights against the ThomismThomismThomism is the philosophical school that arose as a legacy of the work and thought of St. Thomas Aquinas, philosopher, theologian, and Doctor of the Church. In philosophy, his commentaries on Aristotle are his most lasting contribution...
and the ScholasticismScholasticismScholasticism is a method of critical thought which dominated teaching by the academics of medieval universities in Europe from about 1100–1500, and a program of employing that method in articulating and defending orthodoxy in an increasingly pluralistic context...
.