Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
Encyclopedia
The Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (Portuguese
: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS) is one of the largest federal universities in Brazil
. It is almost completely located in Porto Alegre
, with four campi
(Campus do Centro, Campus Saúde, Campus Olímpico and Campus do Vale), some isolated buildings (e.g. the Business School and the Institute of Arts) and some isolated units in other cities. UFRGS is among the best Brazilian universities, and has one of the greatest numbers of scientific publications. UFRGS has over 24,000 undergraduate students and around 8,000 graduate students. The University has around 2,100 teachers, over half of them PhDs. As a public institution, the course is absolutely free of cost to the students, who are selected through an annual competitive exam. The institute also has a profound political history. Between 1964 and 1969, during the worst years of the military dictatorship, 33 professors were eliminated, as well as a good number of students. The experience echoes a tradition of social commitment and combativeness.
The institute has since been active not only in forming new generations of students, but also in the production of knowledge through high-quality research and consultancies. Today, many of the high-ranking officials in government as well as the majority of the history, philosophy and social sciences teachers in smaller universities throughout the state were educated in the institution.
The climate of intellectual debate and analysis of public issues has also been important in training students (often with scholarships and/or student apprenticeships) to work for non-governmental and governmental organisations which contribute to the critical reflection and planning of development programs. Among the graduates of UFRGS, there are three Brazilian presidents: Getúlio Vargas
, João Goulart
and Dilma Rousseff
.
and Chemistry
) in 1895, It was expanded in 1896, when it was created the Engineering College. This was the beginning of higher education
in Rio Grande do Sul
. In the end of the 19th century, the Medicine
and Law
schools were founded, the latter being the first school of humanities
tertiary education
in the state.
In November, 1934, it was founded the Universidade de Porto Alegre (University of Porto Alegre), initially composed by the following units:
The third transformation took place in 1947, when it became Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul (University of Rio Grande do Sul) - URGS -, incorporating the Law and Dentistry Colleges from Pelotas
and with the Pharmacy College from Santa Maria
. These units, however, separated from URGS when the Federal Universities of Pelotas and Santa Maria were founded.
In December 1950, control of the university passed to the Federal Government
. After that, the name of the institution became Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul).
The university spreads through 2,185 ha, and it has 10,607 m² of constructed area. It is divided into four campi and minor units: Centro (Downtown), Saúde (Health Sciences), Vale and Olímpico.
The undergraduate program’s students make up for a population of 26 thousand, while the graduate program has 12 thousand students. The elementary, high-school and technical school sum up to 1,300 students.
The university’s infrastructure comprises more than 500 laboratories, 33 libraries, 37 lecture halls, the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, UFRGS Press, UFRGS Museum, Botanical Garden, Broadcasting Center, Observatory, 3 buildings for Campus Accommodation, 5 refectories, 2 summer camps and several other centers and facilities.
Undergraduate Research Grant Program
The objective of the Undergraduate Research Internship Program is to integrated students from undergraduate courses into research activities, technological development and, innovation. Besides contributing for students’ academic and professional growth, the program also offers the opportunity to take part in the community of the university researchers fostering dialogue between undergraduate and graduate programs.
Research Promotion Program
The research promotion program has as goal to support the continuity of research projects, the organization of events and the qualification of technical and administrative personnel, besides stimulating the national and international exposure of works made in research by professors, technical and administrative personnel, and students.
Science in Society and Science in School Program
This program has the compromise of stimulating university developed projects which are turned to popularization and spreading of science and technology in a variety of social groups and in school environment, through participation of UFRGS undergraduate students, in activities which enable the permanent development of human capital in these areas.
Journal Editing Supporting Program
The Journal Editing Supporting Program implements ways of support and stimulus for journal edition at UFRGS. Its objective is to grant visibility to scientific magazines of the institution.
It is important to say that UFRGS researchers have contributed to the preservation of paleontologic sites of paleoroute geopark
. They public many studies, not only in Brazilian periodics but also in foreign ones. UFRGS has a museum of Paleontology
, which is located in the Institute of Geosciences.
UFRGS also offers two distance learning courses and one with UERGS.
, which is an open examination where the top-placed candidates are offered a placement at the university. Since UFRGS is free of charge, the Vestibular is usually a very hard examination since there are many candidates for few open placements. Examinations take place in January and classes begin in March.
is a nationwide reference. The university hospital is located in the centre of Porto Alegre
.
(MEC, Ministério da Educação), UFRGS lists among the top 10 universities in Brazil; in January 2011 it was awarded second place. According to the "Web of World Universities 2009", UFRGS was placed 152nd worldwide.
Portuguese language
Portuguese is a Romance language that arose in the medieval Kingdom of Galicia, nowadays Galicia and Northern Portugal. The southern part of the Kingdom of Galicia became independent as the County of Portugal in 1095...
: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS) is one of the largest federal universities in Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
. It is almost completely located in Porto Alegre
Porto Alegre
Porto Alegre is the tenth most populous municipality in Brazil, with 1,409,939 inhabitants, and the centre of Brazil's fourth largest metropolitan area . It is also the capital city of the southernmost Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. The city is the southernmost capital city of a Brazilian...
, with four campi
Campi
-People:Campi was a family of painters, distinguished in the annals of Italian art at Cremona in the 16th century. Some Members are:*Antonio Campi -People:Campi was a family of painters, distinguished in the annals of Italian art at Cremona in the 16th century. Some Members are:*Antonio Campi...
(Campus do Centro, Campus Saúde, Campus Olímpico and Campus do Vale), some isolated buildings (e.g. the Business School and the Institute of Arts) and some isolated units in other cities. UFRGS is among the best Brazilian universities, and has one of the greatest numbers of scientific publications. UFRGS has over 24,000 undergraduate students and around 8,000 graduate students. The University has around 2,100 teachers, over half of them PhDs. As a public institution, the course is absolutely free of cost to the students, who are selected through an annual competitive exam. The institute also has a profound political history. Between 1964 and 1969, during the worst years of the military dictatorship, 33 professors were eliminated, as well as a good number of students. The experience echoes a tradition of social commitment and combativeness.
The institute has since been active not only in forming new generations of students, but also in the production of knowledge through high-quality research and consultancies. Today, many of the high-ranking officials in government as well as the majority of the history, philosophy and social sciences teachers in smaller universities throughout the state were educated in the institution.
The climate of intellectual debate and analysis of public issues has also been important in training students (often with scholarships and/or student apprenticeships) to work for non-governmental and governmental organisations which contribute to the critical reflection and planning of development programs. Among the graduates of UFRGS, there are three Brazilian presidents: Getúlio Vargas
Getúlio Vargas
Getúlio Dornelles Vargas served as President of Brazil, first as dictator, from 1930 to 1945, and in a democratically elected term from 1951 until his suicide in 1954. Vargas led Brazil for 18 years, the most for any President, and second in Brazilian history to Emperor Pedro II...
, João Goulart
João Goulart
João Belchior Marques Goulart was a Brazilian politician and the 24th President of Brazil until a military coup d'état deposed him on April 1, 1964. He is considered to have been the last left-wing President of the country until Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva took office in 2003.-Name:João Goulart is...
and Dilma Rousseff
Dilma Rousseff
Dilma Vana Rousseff is the 36th and current President of Brazil. She is the first woman to hold the office. Prior to that, in 2005, she was also the first woman to become Chief of Staff of Brazil, appointed by then President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva....
.
UFRGS in numbers
2008 Figures ----
|
History
The university originated from Escola de Farmácia e Química (School of PharmacyPharmacy
Pharmacy is the health profession that links the health sciences with the chemical sciences and it is charged with ensuring the safe and effective use of pharmaceutical drugs...
and Chemistry
Chemistry
Chemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties. Chemistry is concerned with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds....
) in 1895, It was expanded in 1896, when it was created the Engineering College. This was the beginning of higher education
Higher education
Higher, post-secondary, tertiary, or third level education refers to the stage of learning that occurs at universities, academies, colleges, seminaries, and institutes of technology...
in Rio Grande do Sul
Rio Grande do Sul
Rio Grande do Sul is the southernmost state in Brazil, and the state with the fifth highest Human Development Index in the country. In this state is located the southernmost city in the country, Chuí, on the border with Uruguay. In the region of Bento Gonçalves and Caxias do Sul, the largest wine...
. In the end of the 19th century, the Medicine
Medicine
Medicine is the science and art of healing. It encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness....
and Law
Law
Law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior, wherever possible. It shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a social mediator of relations between people. Contract law regulates everything from buying a bus...
schools were founded, the latter being the first school of humanities
Humanities
The humanities are academic disciplines that study the human condition, using methods that are primarily analytical, critical, or speculative, as distinguished from the mainly empirical approaches of the natural sciences....
tertiary education
Tertiary education
Tertiary education, also referred to as third stage, third level, and post-secondary education, is the educational level following the completion of a school providing a secondary education, such as a high school, secondary school, university-preparatory school...
in the state.
In November, 1934, it was founded the Universidade de Porto Alegre (University of Porto Alegre), initially composed by the following units:
- Engineering School, with its AstronomyAstronomyAstronomy is a natural science that deals with the study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth...
, ElectronicsElectronicsElectronics is the branch of science, engineering and technology that deals with electrical circuits involving active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies...
and Industrial ChemistryChemistryChemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties. Chemistry is concerned with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds....
institutes; - Medical College, with its DentistryDentistryDentistry is the branch of medicine that is involved in the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral cavity, maxillofacial area and the adjacent and associated structures and their impact on the human body. Dentistry is widely considered...
and PharmacyPharmacyPharmacy is the health profession that links the health sciences with the chemical sciences and it is charged with ensuring the safe and effective use of pharmaceutical drugs...
institutes; - Law College, with the School of CommerceCommerceWhile business refers to the value-creating activities of an organization for profit, commerce means the whole system of an economy that constitutes an environment for business. The system includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural, and technological systems that are in operation in any...
; - CommunicationCommunication theoryCommunication theory is a field of information and mathematics that studies the technical process of information and the human process of human communication.- History :- Origins :...
College (called FABICO), which comprises the JournalismJournalismJournalism is the practice of investigation and reporting of events, issues and trends to a broad audience in a timely fashion. Though there are many variations of journalism, the ideal is to inform the intended audience. Along with covering organizations and institutions such as government and...
, AdvertisingAdvertisingAdvertising is a form of communication used to persuade an audience to take some action with respect to products, ideas, or services. Most commonly, the desired result is to drive consumer behavior with respect to a commercial offering, although political and ideological advertising is also common...
and Public RelationsPublic relationsPublic relations is the actions of a corporation, store, government, individual, etc., in promoting goodwill between itself and the public, the community, employees, customers, etc....
programs; - Agricultural ScienceAgricultural scienceAgricultural science is a broad multidisciplinary field that encompasses the parts of exact, natural, economic and social sciences that are used in the practice and understanding of agriculture. -Agriculture and agricultural science:The two terms are often confused...
and Veterinary MedicineVeterinary medicineVeterinary Medicine is the branch of science that deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, disorder and injury in non-human animals...
Colleges; - PhilosophyPhilosophyPhilosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational...
, Science and LinguisticsLinguisticsLinguistics is the scientific study of human language. Linguistics can be broadly broken into three categories or subfields of study: language form, language meaning, and language in context....
Colleges; and - Institute of Fine Arts
The third transformation took place in 1947, when it became Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul (University of Rio Grande do Sul) - URGS -, incorporating the Law and Dentistry Colleges from Pelotas
Pelotas
Pelotas is a Brazilian city and municipality , the third most populous in the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul. Pelotas is located 270 km from Porto Alegre, the capital city of the state, and 130 km from the Uruguayan border...
and with the Pharmacy College from Santa Maria
Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul
Santa Maria is a municipality in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil. In 2007, its population was 263,403 inhabitants in a total area of 1,823 km2.-Importance:...
. These units, however, separated from URGS when the Federal Universities of Pelotas and Santa Maria were founded.
In December 1950, control of the university passed to the Federal Government
Politics of Brazil
The politics of Brazil take place in a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic republic, where by the President is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system...
. After that, the name of the institution became Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul).
Structure
Offering graduate and undergraduate courses, UFRGS is the largest university of Rio Grande do Sul. Its more than 300 buildings accommodate 29 colleges, which are divided in 94 departments.The university spreads through 2,185 ha, and it has 10,607 m² of constructed area. It is divided into four campi and minor units: Centro (Downtown), Saúde (Health Sciences), Vale and Olímpico.
The undergraduate program’s students make up for a population of 26 thousand, while the graduate program has 12 thousand students. The elementary, high-school and technical school sum up to 1,300 students.
The university’s infrastructure comprises more than 500 laboratories, 33 libraries, 37 lecture halls, the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, UFRGS Press, UFRGS Museum, Botanical Garden, Broadcasting Center, Observatory, 3 buildings for Campus Accommodation, 5 refectories, 2 summer camps and several other centers and facilities.
Research
RESEARCH PROGRAMSUndergraduate Research Grant Program
The objective of the Undergraduate Research Internship Program is to integrated students from undergraduate courses into research activities, technological development and, innovation. Besides contributing for students’ academic and professional growth, the program also offers the opportunity to take part in the community of the university researchers fostering dialogue between undergraduate and graduate programs.
Research Promotion Program
The research promotion program has as goal to support the continuity of research projects, the organization of events and the qualification of technical and administrative personnel, besides stimulating the national and international exposure of works made in research by professors, technical and administrative personnel, and students.
Science in Society and Science in School Program
This program has the compromise of stimulating university developed projects which are turned to popularization and spreading of science and technology in a variety of social groups and in school environment, through participation of UFRGS undergraduate students, in activities which enable the permanent development of human capital in these areas.
Journal Editing Supporting Program
The Journal Editing Supporting Program implements ways of support and stimulus for journal edition at UFRGS. Its objective is to grant visibility to scientific magazines of the institution.
It is important to say that UFRGS researchers have contributed to the preservation of paleontologic sites of paleoroute geopark
Geopark
A Geopark is defined by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in its UNESCO Geoparks International Network of Geoparks programme as follows:...
. They public many studies, not only in Brazilian periodics but also in foreign ones. UFRGS has a museum of Paleontology
Paleontology
Paleontology "old, ancient", ὄν, ὀντ- "being, creature", and λόγος "speech, thought") is the study of prehistoric life. It includes the study of fossils to determine organisms' evolution and interactions with each other and their environments...
, which is located in the Institute of Geosciences.
Faculties, Institutes and Schools
(Source:)- College of Architecture (Faculdade de Arquitetura)
- College of Communication (Facultade de Biblioteconomia e Comunicação)
- College of Economics (Faculdade de Ciências Econômicas)
- College of Education Faculty (Faculdade de Educação)
- College of Law (Faculdade de Direito)
- College of Pharmacy (Faculdade de Farmácia)
- College of Medicine (Faculdade de Medicina)
- College of Odontology (Faculdade de Odontologia)
- College of Veterinary Medicine (Faculdade de Veterinária)
- Institute of Biosciences (Instituto de Biociências)
- Institute of Chemistry (Instituto de Química)
- Institute of Fine Arts (Instituto de Artes)
- Institute of Food Technology (Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos)
- Institute of GeosciencesInstitute of Geosciences of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulThe Institute of Geosciences is a unit of instruction of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul which includes the courses of Geography , Cartographic Engineering and Geology. It has a department of study of vertebrate paleontology...
- Institute of Health Sciences (Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde)
- Institute of Hydraulic Research (Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas)
- Institute of Informatics (Instituto de Informática)
- Institute of Linguistics, Languages and Literature (Instituto de Letras)Institute of Linguistics, Languages and Literature (Instituto de Letras)- History :The Languages, Literature and Linguistics Teaching Course was created at UFRGS in 1943 offering three different teaching majors: Classical Languages, Neo-Latin Languages and Germanic Languages....
- Institute of Mathematics (Instituto de Matemática)
- Institute of Philosophy and Human Sciences (Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas)
- Institute of Physics (Instituto de Física)
- Institute of Psychology (Instituto de Psicologia)
- School of Agronomy (Faculdade de Agronomia)
- School of Engineering (Escola de Engenharia)
- School of Management (Escola de Administração)
- School of Nursing (Escola de Enfermagem)
- School of Sports (Escola de Educação Física)
Undergraduate programs (4-6 year courses)
(Source:)Agronomy
|
Applied Social Sciences
|
Architecture
|
Engineering
|
Exact Sciences
|
Health Sciences
|
Music
|
Social Sciences
|
Visual Sciences
|
Graduate programs: Masters (2 years) and Doctoral (4 years) courses
(Source:)Courses offering both Masters and PhD ----
|
Courses offering Masters only ----
|
Courses offering PhD only ----
|
UFRGS also offers two distance learning courses and one with UERGS.
University entrance exam
Students are accepted through the VestibularVestibular
The Vestibular is a competitive examination and is the primary and widespread system used by Brazilian universities to select their students. The Vestibular usually takes place from November to January, right before the start of school year in February or March, although certain universities hold...
, which is an open examination where the top-placed candidates are offered a placement at the university. Since UFRGS is free of charge, the Vestibular is usually a very hard examination since there are many candidates for few open placements. Examinations take place in January and classes begin in March.
National High School Examination (Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio - ENEM)
The Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, as well as the other Brazilian federal universities, adopted the National High School Examination in 2010 as a standard of admission. The applicants’ participation in ENEM is optative. Hence, their performances in the examination are analyzed together with their performances in the university entrance exam, comprehending 10% of the final grade.SECOM (Communication Secretariat)
SECOM is an executive office of UFRGS directly connected to the Central Administration’s cabinet – as well as to other sectors and the Provosts’ Offices. SECOM defines the communication policies and strategies employed by UFRGS, facilitating services inside the university through the creation of informative and institutional materials. Its goal is to promote new activities and establish initiatives which recognize and publicize the institution’s potential. Some of its sections are the university newspaper, TV channel and radio station.Clinicas Hospital (Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, or "HCPA")
UFRGS' Clinicas HospitalClinicas Hospital
Clinicas Hospital, or HCPA is a major university hospital in Brazil, and a reference for transplants and genetic research in Latin America. It is located in Porto Alegre, Brazil, and is part of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul.The hospital has 125,000m² of floor space, distributed on 13...
is a nationwide reference. The university hospital is located in the centre of Porto Alegre
Porto Alegre
Porto Alegre is the tenth most populous municipality in Brazil, with 1,409,939 inhabitants, and the centre of Brazil's fourth largest metropolitan area . It is also the capital city of the southernmost Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. The city is the southernmost capital city of a Brazilian...
.
| 2009 | 2010 | |
|---|---|---|
| Consultations | 562,507 | 577,504 |
| Exams | 2,811,277 | 2,767,804 |
| Operations | 41,281 | 42,121 |
| Transplants | 411 | 412 |
| 2009 | 2010 | |
|---|---|---|
| Staff | 4,499 | 4,578 |
| Professors | 290 | 283 |
| Residents | 344 | 414 |
| Undergraduate students | 2,100 | 1,966 |
| Graduate students | 559 | 590 |
| PhD students | 300 | 395 |
| Training hours | 200.162 | 214.576 |
Quality of education
According to the ranking sponsored by the Ministry of EducationMinistry of Education (Brazil)
The Ministry of Education , MEC, is a Brazilian government ministry.Functions of this ministry: national education policy, early childhood education, elementary education, secondary education, higher education, youth and adult education, among other teachings Taking their proper decisions so that...
(MEC, Ministério da Educação), UFRGS lists among the top 10 universities in Brazil; in January 2011 it was awarded second place. According to the "Web of World Universities 2009", UFRGS was placed 152nd worldwide.
Law School
- Getúlio VargasGetúlio VargasGetúlio Dornelles Vargas served as President of Brazil, first as dictator, from 1930 to 1945, and in a democratically elected term from 1951 until his suicide in 1954. Vargas led Brazil for 18 years, the most for any President, and second in Brazilian history to Emperor Pedro II...
, Brazilian former president - João GoulartJoão GoulartJoão Belchior Marques Goulart was a Brazilian politician and the 24th President of Brazil until a military coup d'état deposed him on April 1, 1964. He is considered to have been the last left-wing President of the country until Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva took office in 2003.-Name:João Goulart is...
, Brazilian former president - Germano RigottoGermano RigottoGermano Rigotto is a Brazilian politician currently affiliated to the PMDB party. He was the governor of Rio Grande do Sul state until December 31, 2006. He ran for a second term in October 2006 elections, but he was unexpectedly defeated by Olívio Dutra and Yeda Crusius...
, politician and former State governor - Nelson JobimNelson JobimNelson Azevedo Jobim is a Brazilian jurist and politician. He served as the Minister of Defense of Brazil from 2007-2011. He is a distant relative of musician Antonio Carlos Jobim.-Early life:...
, current defence minister - Ellen Gracie NorthfleetEllen Gracie NorthfleetEllen Gracie Northfleet is a Brazilian judge of American descent. She is the first woman to be appointed to the Supreme Court of Brazil and the Court's first female president....
, lawyer and Supreme Court Justice
Philosophy and Social Sciences
- Raul Pont, politician and former Porto Alegre mayor
- Gerd Bornheim, philosopher
- Helgio Trindade, political scientist and former president of UFRGS
Engineering School
- Leonel de Moura Brizola, engineer
- José Mauro Volkmer de CastilhoJosé Mauro Volkmer de CastilhoJosé Mauro Volkmer de Castilho was a Brazilian scientist, teacher and researcher.-Background:Castilho began his academic life at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul where he studied engineering...
, engineer
School of Economics
- Dilma RousseffDilma RousseffDilma Vana Rousseff is the 36th and current President of Brazil. She is the first woman to hold the office. Prior to that, in 2005, she was also the first woman to become Chief of Staff of Brazil, appointed by then President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva....
, Brazilian president from January 2011 on - Paulo Renato SouzaPaulo Renato SouzaPaulo Renato Costa Souza was a Brazilian economist and politician.-Life:...
, politician, education minister 1995-2002
Linguistics School
- Caio Fernando AbreuCaio Fernando Abreu“Caio Fernando Loureiro de Abreu” , best known as “Caio Fernando Abreu” is one of the most influential and original Brazilian writers of the 70’s and 80’s generation...
, writer - João Gilberto NollJoão Gilberto NollJoão Gilberto Noll is a Brazilian writer, born on April 15, 1946 in Porto Alegre, in the southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. His early years were spent studying at the Catholic Colégio São Pedro...
, writer - Lya LuftLya LuftLya Luft is a Brazilian writer, a novelist, a poet, a prolific translator of German descent. She was also a college professor of linguistics and literature. Luft currently writes an opinion column for Veja magazine...
, writer - Olívio DutraOlívio DutraOlívio de Oliveira Dutra is a Brazilian politician. He is a founding member of the Workers' Party.-Early political career :...
, politician and former State governor