Elis Regina
Encyclopedia
Elis Regina Carvalho Costa, known simply as Elis Regina (eˈlis ʁeˈʒinɐ; March 17, 1945 – January 19, 1982) was an important singer of Brazilian popular music
Música Popular Brasileira
Música Popular Brasileira or MPB designates a trend in post-Bossa Nova urban popular music. It is not a discrete genre but rather a constellation that combines original songwriting and updated versions of traditional Brazilian urban music styles like samba and samba-canção with contemporary...

. She became nationally renowned in 1965, after singing Arrastão (composed by Edu Lobo
Edu Lobo
Eduardo de Góes "Edu" Lobo is a Brazilian bossa nova singer, guitarist, and composer. He achieved fame in the 1960s as part of the bossa nova movement...

 and Vinícius de Moraes
Vinicius de Moraes
Marcus Vinicius de Moraes , known as Vinicius de Moraes and nicknamed O Poetinho , was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Son of Lydia Cruz de Moraes and Clodoaldo Pereira da Silva Moraes, he was a seminal figure in contemporary Brazilian music...

) in the first edition of TV Excelsior
TV Excelsior
Rede Excelsior was a Brazilian television network founded by Mário Wallace Simonsen on July 9, 1960 in São Paulo, São Paulo. Its last broadcast happened on September 30, 1970, when the Brazilian military dictatorship put an abrupt end to it.-History:...

 festival song contest, and soon joined O Fino da Bossa, a television program on TV Record. Elis was noted for her perfect vocalization, as well as for her personal interpretation and outstanding performances in shows. She recorded several successful compositions, such as Upa Neguinho (E. Lobo and Gianfrancesco Guarnieri
Gianfrancesco Guarnieri
Gianfrancesco Sigfrido Benedetto Marinenghi de Guarnieri was a Brazilian actor and playwright.- External links :...

), Madalena
Madalena
Madalena may refer to:A woman's name.In places:*Madalena, Brazil, in the State of Ceará, Brazil*Madalena , a civil parish in Lisbon, Portugal*Madalena , a civil parish in Tomar, Portugal...

 (Ivan Lins
Ivan Lins
Ivan Guimarães Lins is a Latin Grammy winning Brazilian musician. He has been an active performer and songwriter of Brazilian popular music and jazz for over 30 years. His first hit, Madalena, was recorded by Elis Regina in 1970. Beyond his own performance of his compositions, Simone is his most...

), Casa no Campo (Sá e Guarabira), Águas de Março (Tom Jobim), Atrás da porta (Chico Buarque
Chico Buarque
Francisco Buarque de Hollanda , popularly known as Chico Buarque , is a singer, guitarist, composer, dramatist, writer and poet...

), O bêbado e a equilibrista (Aldir Blanc
Aldir Blanc
Aldir Blanc is a famous Brazilian author of crônicas [journalistic vignettes, chronicles] and lyricist. He co-composed many songs with singer-songwriterJoão Bosco, guitarist Guinga, and others....

 and João Bosco
João Bosco
João Bosco de Freitas Mucci, better known as João Bosco is a noted Brazilian singer-songwriter with a distinctive style as a guitarist...

), Conversando no bar (Milton Nascimento
Milton Nascimento
-Biography:Nascimento's mother was the maid Maria Nascimento. As a baby, Milton Nascimento was adopted by his mother's former employers: the couple Josino Brito Campos, a banker employee, mathematics teacher and electronic technician; and Lília Silva Campos, a music teacher and choir singer...

), etc. Her premature death, at the age of 36, shocked Brazil. Elis Regina is widely regarded as the best Brazilian singer of all times by many critics, musicians, and commentators.

Biography

Elis Regina was born in Porto Alegre
Porto Alegre
Porto Alegre is the tenth most populous municipality in Brazil, with 1,409,939 inhabitants, and the centre of Brazil's fourth largest metropolitan area . It is also the capital city of the southernmost Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. The city is the southernmost capital city of a Brazilian...

, where she began her career as a singer at age 11 on a children's radio show, O Clube Do Guri on Rádio Farroupilha. In 1959, she was contracted by Rádio Gaúcha and in the next year she travelled to Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...

 where she recorded her first LP, Viva a Brotolândia (Long Live Teenage Land).

She won her first festival song contest in 1965 singing Arrastão (Pull The Trawling Net) by Edu Lobo
Edu Lobo
Eduardo de Góes "Edu" Lobo is a Brazilian bossa nova singer, guitarist, and composer. He achieved fame in the 1960s as part of the bossa nova movement...

 and Vinícius de Moraes
Vinicius de Moraes
Marcus Vinicius de Moraes , known as Vinicius de Moraes and nicknamed O Poetinho , was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Son of Lydia Cruz de Moraes and Clodoaldo Pereira da Silva Moraes, he was a seminal figure in contemporary Brazilian music...

, which, when released as a single, made her the biggest selling Brazilian recording artist since Carmen Miranda
Carmen Miranda
Carmen Miranda, GCIH was a Portuguese-born Brazilian samba singer, Broadway actress and Hollywood film star popular in the 1940s and 1950s. She was, by some accounts, the highest-earning woman in the United States and noted for her signature fruit hat outfit she wore in the 1943 movie The Gang's...

. The second LP with Jair Rodrigues
Jair Rodrigues
Jair Rodrigues de Oliveira is a Brazilian musician and singer, a pioneer of the funk in the country. He is the father of Luciana Mello and Jair Oliveira, who also followed in his footsteps and became musicians....

, Dois na Bossa, set a national sales record and became the first Brazilian LP to sell over one million copies. Arrastão by Elis also launched her career for a national audience, since that festival was broadcast via TV and radio. For the history of Brazilian music, the record represented the beginning of a new musical style that would be known as MPB (Música Popular Brasileira
Música Popular Brasileira
Música Popular Brasileira or MPB designates a trend in post-Bossa Nova urban popular music. It is not a discrete genre but rather a constellation that combines original songwriting and updated versions of traditional Brazilian urban music styles like samba and samba-canção with contemporary...

 or Brazilian Popular Music), distinguished from the previous bossa nova
Bossa nova
Bossa nova is a style of Brazilian music. Bossa nova acquired a large following in the 1960s, initially consisting of young musicians and college students...

.

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, along with Gal Costa
Gal Costa
Gal Costa is a Brazilian singer of popular music.-Early life:...

, Caetano Veloso
Caetano Veloso
Caetano Emanuel Viana Teles Veloso , better known as Caetano Veloso, is a Brazilian composer, singer, guitarist, writer, and political activist. Veloso first became known for his participation in the Brazilian musical movement Tropicalismo which encompassed theatre, poetry and music in the 1960s,...

 and Gilberto Gil
Gilberto Gil
Gilberto Passos Gil Moreira , better known as Gilberto Gil or , is a Brazilian singer, guitarist, and songwriter, known for both his musical innovation and political commitment...

, Elis Regina helped to popularize the work of the tropicalismo
Tropicalismo
Tropicália, also known as Tropicalismo, is a Brazilian art movement that arose in the late 1960s and encompassed theatre, poetry, and music, among other forms. Tropicália was influenced by poesia concreta , a genre of Brazilian avant-garde poetry embodied in the works of Augusto de Campos, Haroldo...

 (Tropicália) movement, recording songs by musicians such as Gilberto Gil
Gilberto Gil
Gilberto Passos Gil Moreira , better known as Gilberto Gil or , is a Brazilian singer, guitarist, and songwriter, known for both his musical innovation and political commitment...

. Her 1974 collaboration with Antonio Carlos Jobim
Antônio Carlos Jobim
Antônio Carlos Brasileiro de Almeida Jobim , also known as Tom Jobim , was a Brazilian songwriter, composer, arranger, singer, and pianist/guitarist. He was a primary force behind the creation of the bossa nova style, and his songs have been performed by many singers and instrumentalists within...

, Elis & Tom
Elis & Tom
-Personnel :*Antonio Carlos Jobim - piano, vocals*Elis Regina - vocals*César Camargo Mariano - piano*Hélio Delmiro - guitar*Oscar Castro-Neves - guitar*Luizão Maia - bass*Paulo Braga - drums*Chico Batera - percussion*Bill Hitchcock - conductor...

, is often cited as one of the greatest bossa nova
Bossa nova
Bossa nova is a style of Brazilian music. Bossa nova acquired a large following in the 1960s, initially consisting of young musicians and college students...

 albums of all time, which also includes what many consider the all-time best Brazilian song, "Águas de Março
Waters of March
"Waters of March" is a Brazilian song composed by Antonio Carlos Jobim. Jobim wrote both the English and Portuguese lyrics. The lyrics, originally written in Portuguese, do not tell a story, but rather present a series of images that form a collage; nearly every line starts with "É..."...

". She also recorded songs by Milton Nascimento
Milton Nascimento
-Biography:Nascimento's mother was the maid Maria Nascimento. As a baby, Milton Nascimento was adopted by his mother's former employers: the couple Josino Brito Campos, a banker employee, mathematics teacher and electronic technician; and Lília Silva Campos, a music teacher and choir singer...

, João Bosco
João Bosco
João Bosco de Freitas Mucci, better known as João Bosco is a noted Brazilian singer-songwriter with a distinctive style as a guitarist...

, Aldir Blanc
Aldir Blanc
Aldir Blanc is a famous Brazilian author of crônicas [journalistic vignettes, chronicles] and lyricist. He co-composed many songs with singer-songwriterJoão Bosco, guitarist Guinga, and others....

, Chico Buarque
Chico Buarque
Francisco Buarque de Hollanda , popularly known as Chico Buarque , is a singer, guitarist, composer, dramatist, writer and poet...

,Guinga, Jorge Ben, Baden Powell
Baden Powell de Aquino
Baden Powell de Aquino usually known simply as Baden Powell, was one of the greatest Brazilian guitarists. He explored the instrument to its utmost limits, playing it in a distinctive, unique manner, incorporating virtuoso classical techniques together with popular harmony and swing...

, Caetano Veloso
Caetano Veloso
Caetano Emanuel Viana Teles Veloso , better known as Caetano Veloso, is a Brazilian composer, singer, guitarist, writer, and political activist. Veloso first became known for his participation in the Brazilian musical movement Tropicalismo which encompassed theatre, poetry and music in the 1960s,...

 and Rita Lee
Rita Lee
Rita Lee Jones Carvalho , simply known as Rita Lee, is a Brazilian rock singer and composer. Lee continues to be a popular figure in Brazilian entertainment, where she is also known for being an animal rights activist and a vegetarian...

. Her nicknames were "furacão" ("hurricane") and "pimentinha" ("little pepper").

She sometimes criticized the Brazilian dictatorship
Dictatorship
A dictatorship is defined as an autocratic form of government in which the government is ruled by an individual, the dictator. It has three possible meanings:...

 which had persecuted and exiled many musician
Musician
A musician is an artist who plays a musical instrument. It may or may not be the person's profession. Musicians can be classified by their roles in performing music and writing music.Also....* A person who makes music a profession....

s of her generation. In a 1969 interview in Europe, she said that Brazil was being run by "gorillas". Her popularity kept her out of jail, but she was eventually compelled by the authorities to sing the Brazilian national anthem
Brazilian national anthem
The Brazilian national anthem was composed by Francisco Manuel da Silva in 1831 and had been given at least two sets of unofficial lyrics before a 1922 decree by President Epitácio Pessoa gave the anthem its definitive, official lyrics, by Osório Duque-Estrada, after several changes were made to...

 in a stadium show, drawing the ire of many Brazilian Leftists. She was later forgiven because they understood that, as both a mother and daughter, she had to protect her family from the dictatorship at any cost. Along with many other artists Elis was living each verse of Geraldo Vandré
Geraldo Vandré
Geraldo Vandré , is a Brazilian singer, composer and guitar player.In 1966 his song Disparada , interpreted by Jair Rodrigues, was a success at the Record Festival...

's political hymn:: Yet they make of a flower their strongest refrain
Refrain
A refrain is the line or lines that are repeated in music or in verse; the "chorus" of a song...

, And believe flowers to defeat guns. While her earlier records were mostly apolitical, from the mid-'70s on her music became more engaged, and she began to choose compositions and structure her conceptually complex live shows in ways as to criticize the military government, capitalism
Capitalism
Capitalism is an economic system that became dominant in the Western world following the demise of feudalism. There is no consensus on the precise definition nor on how the term should be used as a historical category...

, racial and sexual injustice and other forms of inequality. Lyrics to songs recorded towards the end of her career carried overt socialist
Socialism
Socialism is an economic system characterized by social ownership of the means of production and cooperative management of the economy; or a political philosophy advocating such a system. "Social ownership" may refer to any one of, or a combination of, the following: cooperative enterprises,...

 leanings, and in 1980, she joined the Workers' Party
Workers' Party (Brazil)
The Workers' Party is a democratic socialist political party in Brazil. Launched in 1980, it is recognized as one of the largest and most important left-wing movements of Latin America. It governs at the federal level in a coalition government with several other parties since January 1, 2003...

.

Her rendition of Jobim
Antônio Carlos Jobim
Antônio Carlos Brasileiro de Almeida Jobim , also known as Tom Jobim , was a Brazilian songwriter, composer, arranger, singer, and pianist/guitarist. He was a primary force behind the creation of the bossa nova style, and his songs have been performed by many singers and instrumentalists within...

 / Vinicius
Vinicius de Moraes
Marcus Vinicius de Moraes , known as Vinicius de Moraes and nicknamed O Poetinho , was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Son of Lydia Cruz de Moraes and Clodoaldo Pereira da Silva Moraes, he was a seminal figure in contemporary Brazilian music...

' song "Por Toda A Minha Vida" appeared on the soundtrack to the 2002 movie Hable con Ella (Talk to Her) directed by Pedro Almodóvar
Pedro Almodóvar
Pedro Almodóvar Caballero is a Spanish film director, screenwriter and producer.Almodóvar is arguably the most successful and internationally known Spanish filmmaker of his generation. His films, marked by complex narratives, employ the codes of melodrama and use elements of pop culture, popular...

 and her song "Roda" appeared on the soundtrack to the 2005 movie Be Cool
Be Cool
Be Cool is a 2005 crime-comedy film adapted from Elmore Leonard's 1999 novel of the same name and the sequel to Leonard's 1990 novel Get Shorty about mobster Chili Palmer's entrance into the film industry.The film adaptation of Be Cool began production in 2003. It was directed by F...

.

Family

Elis married twice and gave birth to three children. Her first marriage was to Ronaldo Bôscoli
Ronaldo Bôscoli
Ronaldo Fernando Esquerdo Bôscoli, usually known as Ronaldo Bôscoli, or just Bôscoli was a Brazilian composer, songwriter, record producer and journalist....

 in 1967. She gave birth to a son, João Marcelo Bôscoli, in 1970. She later married her long-time collaborator César Camargo Mariano
Cesar Camargo Mariano
Cesar Camargo Mariano is a Brazilian pianist, arranger, composer and music producer. He is one of the most renowned instrumental artists to come out of his home country.-Biography:...

, and had two more children with him: Pedro Camargo Mariano
Pedro Camargo Mariano
Pedro Mariano, born Pedro Camargo Mariano, is a Brazilian musician. He is the son of Brazilian singer Elis Regina and pianist Cesar Camargo Mariano, and the brother of Maria Rita....

 in 1975, and Maria Rita
Maria Rita
Maria Rita |São Paulo]], Brazil) is the performance name of Maria Rita Mariano, a Brazilian singer. She is the daughter of famed pianist/arranger César Camargo Mariano and the late Brazilian singing legend Elis Regina and sister to Pedro Mariano and music producer João Marcelo Bôscoli. Her...

 in 1977. The three children all later became musicians and/or producers. After many years of complete obscurity, Maria Rita became a national singing sensation after a lengthy marketing campaign, like her mother, winning three Latin Grammies for her debut eponymous CD. João Marcello Boscoli, owner of the Trama
Trama
Trama may refer to:* Trama , a genus of aphid* Trama , a mushroom's "flesh"* Trama , a Peruvian band* Spanish and Portuguese for plot* a medium access control protocol for sensor networks ....

 recording company, produced the first Elis Regina DVD allowing many of her fans to see her performing for the first time. The DVD was a recording of a 1973 Brazilian TV show featuring songs, Elis' running commentary introducing each song, and an interview. Pedro Camargo Mariano most recently sang with his father, the brilliant pianist and arranger Cesar Camargo Mariano, on a Latin Grammy-nominated CD called "Piano & Voz" (Piano and Voice). More DVDs of Elis Regina performances have subsequently been released.

Death

Elis Regina died at the age of 36 in 1982, from an accidental cocaine
Cocaine
Cocaine is a crystalline tropane alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. The name comes from "coca" in addition to the alkaloid suffix -ine, forming cocaine. It is a stimulant of the central nervous system, an appetite suppressant, and a topical anesthetic...

, alcohol
Alcohol
In chemistry, an alcohol is an organic compound in which the hydroxy functional group is bound to a carbon atom. In particular, this carbon center should be saturated, having single bonds to three other atoms....

, and temazepam
Temazepam
Temazepam is an intermediate-acting 3-hydroxy benzodiazepine. It is mostly prescribed for the short-term treatment of sleeplessness in patients who have difficulty maintaining sleep...

 interaction. She had recorded dozens of top-selling records in her career. Her death shocked Brazil. More than 25,000 people, among friends, relatives and fans, held her wake at Teatro Bandeirantes, in São Paulo, a highly emotive ceremony, with large groups of fans singing her songs. More than 100,000 people followed her funeral procession throughout São Paulo. She was buried in Cemitério do Morumbi.

Biography

Regina Echeverria
Portuguese: Furacão Elis by Regina Echeverria

English: Furacão Elis by Regina Echeverria –English translation Robert St-Louis

Chronology of Elis' life: Chronology

Discography

  • 1961: Viva a Brotolândia
    Viva a Brotolândia
    Viva a Brotolândia is the Debut album by Brazilian music superstar Elis Regina, It was released in 1961.-Track listing:# "Dá Sorte"# "Sonhando" # "Murmúrio"# "Tu Serás"# "Samba Feito Pra Mim"# "Fala-Me De Amor"...

      (first album recording in 1961 at age 16)
  • 1962: Poema de Amor
    Poema de Amor
    Poema de Amor was the second album by Brazilian music superstar Elis Regina, It was released in 1962.-Track listing:# "Poema" # "Pororó-Popó" # "Dá-me Um Beijo"...

  • 1963: O Bem do Amor
  • 1963: Ellis Regina  (listed with two l's)
  • 1965: Dois na Bossa
  • 1965: O Fino do Fino  - Elis & Zimbo Trio
    Zimbo Trio
    The Zimbo Trio is a Brazilian instrumental ensemble, established in 1964 in São Paulo, and originally comprising Amilton Godoy , Luís Chaves and Rubinho Barsotti...

  • 1965: Samba, Eu Canto Assim!
  • 1966: Dois na Bossa nº2
  • 1966: Elis
  • 1967: Dois na Bossa nº3
  • 1968: Elis Especial
  • 1969: Elis, Como & Porque
  • 1969: Elis Regina in London
  • 1969: Aquarela do Brasil
    Aquarela do Brasil
    "Aquarela do Brasil" , known in the English-speaking world simply as "Brazil", is one of the most famous Brazilian songs of all time, written by Ary Barroso in 1939.-Background and composition:...

      - Elis Regina & Toots Thielemans
    Toots Thielemans
    Jean-Baptiste Frédéric Isidor, Baron Thielemans , known as Toots Thielemans, is a Belgian jazz musician well known for his guitar and harmonica playing as well as his whistling. Thielemans is credited as one of the greatest harmonica players of the 20th century...

  • 1970: Em Pleno Verão
  • 1970: Elis no Teatro da Praia com Miele & Bôscoli
  • 1971: Ela
  • 1972: Elis
  • 1973: Elis - no 2
  • 1973: Elis
  • 1974: Elis
  • 1974: Elis & Tom
    Elis & Tom
    -Personnel :*Antonio Carlos Jobim - piano, vocals*Elis Regina - vocals*César Camargo Mariano - piano*Hélio Delmiro - guitar*Oscar Castro-Neves - guitar*Luizão Maia - bass*Paulo Braga - drums*Chico Batera - percussion*Bill Hitchcock - conductor...

  • 1976: Falso Brilhante
    Falso Brilhante
    Falso Brilhante is the name of a 1976 studio album released by the critically acclaimed Brazilian MPB singer Elis Regina.On the year of 1975 Elis Regina opened her solo concert entitled Falso Brilhante, where she launched the career of a new composer, Antonio Carlos Belchior,...

  • 1977: Elis
  • 1978: Transversal do Tempo  (live)
  • 1979: Essa Mulher
  • 1979: Elis Especial
  • 1980: Saudades do Brasil
    Saudades do Brasil
    The Saudades do Brasil , Op. 67, are a suite of twelve dances for piano by Darius Milhaud.Famous for featuring polytonality, those sections may also be considered extended tonality or, "harmonic color"....

  • 1980: Elis
  • 1982: Montreux Jazz Festival
    Montreux Jazz Festival
    The Montreux Jazz Festival is the best-known music festival in Switzerland and one of the most prestigious in Europe; it is held annually in early July in Montreux on the shores of Lake Geneva...

  • 1982: Trem Azul  (live) a bootleg final live recording.
  • 1983: Vento de Maio  (compilation)
  • 1984: Luz das Estrelas
  • 1987: Personalidade
  • 1994: Elis Regina no Fino da Bossa  (live)
  • 1994: Dose Dupla-Elis Regina  (digital compilation of her first 2 recordings from 1961 and 1962)
  • 1995: Elis ao Vivo  (live)
  • 2001: Sucessos Inesquecíveis de Elis Regina
    Sucessos Inesquecíveis de Elis Regina
    Sucessos Inesquecíveis de Elis Regina is a 5 disc CD-Set of songs performed by Brazilian singer Elis Regina, including compositions by Nascimento, Gil, Lee, Jobim, Belchior, Bosco, Barroso, Lins, and Lyra....

      (compilation)
  • 2002: 20 Anos de Saudade  (compilation)
  • 2004: Little Pepper: The Definitive Collection (compilation)
  • 2005: Elis Regina: MPB Especial 1973  - black and white DVD released in 2005 (TV show)
  • 2006: Elis Regina Carvalho Costa  - full color DVD released in 2006 (live show)
  • 200?: Elis full color 3 DVD box set  :composed of "Na Batucada Da Vida", "Doce De Pimenta", and "Falso Brilhante"
  • 2006: Por toda a minha vida  - Brazilian TV GLOBO special in 28 December 2006 (TV show)
  • 2006: Pérolas Raras

Further reading

  • KIECHALOSKI, Zeca (1984) Elis Regina. Col. Esses Gaúchos. Porto Alegre: Tchê! 101p.
  • ECHEVERRIA, Regina (1985) Furacão Elis. Inclui cronologia e discografia por Maria Luiza Kfouri. Rio de Janeiro: Nórdica / Círculo do Livro. 363p. 2.ed. rev. ampl. 1994 (São Paulo: Ed. Globo); 3.ed. 2002 (São Paulo: Ed. Globo). 239p. ISBN 8525035149
  • Elis Regina Por Ela Mesma. (1995) Org. Osny Arashiro. São Paulo: Martin Claret. 2.ed. rev. 2004. 229p. ISBN 8572320857
  • O Melhor de Elis Regina. (2003) Melodias cifradas com as letras de 28 músicas do repertório de Elis Regina. Ed. Irmãos Vitale. 112p. ISBN 8574070882
  • SARSANO, José Roberto. (2005) Boulevard des Capucines. Teatro Olympia, Paris 1968: Elis Regina e Bossa Jazz Trio em uma época de ouro da MPB. Ed. Árvore da Terra. 207p. ISBN 8585136294
  • GOÉS, Ludenbergue. Mulher brasileira em primeiro lugar: o exemplo e as lições de vida de 130 brasileiras consagradas no exterior. Ediouro Publicações, 2007. ISBN 8500019980
  • Ricardo Pugialli, Almanaque da Jovem guarda: nos embalos de uma década cheia de brasa, mora?. Ediouro Publicações, 2006. ISBN 8500020733
  • Walter Silva, Vou te contar: histórias de música popular brasileira. Conex, 2002. ISBN 8588953056
  • Osny Arashiro, Elis Regina por ela mesma. M. Claret, 1995.

External links

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