Eduardo Dato e Iradier
Encyclopedia
Eduardo Dato e Iradier (12 August 1856 – 8 March 1921) was a Spanish political leader. He served three times as Spanish Prime Minister
: from 27 October 1913 to 9 December 1915, from 11 June 1917 to 3 November 1917, and from 28 April 1920 till his death. Also he held eleven cabinet ministries, and was four times President
of the Spanish Congress of Deputies
(a role approximating to that of parliamentary Speaker).
, Spain
, son of Carlos Dato y Granados (himself the son of Carlos Dato Camacho
y Marín and wife Cayetana Ruperta Granados
y García
, de Vivancos e Acosta
) and wife Rosa Lorenza Iradier e Arce, of Galician
descent, he moved with his family to Madrid
while still young. He obtained a degree
in Law
in 1875 and opened his law office two years later. Elected to the Spanish parliament in 1883, he became Under-secretary for the Ministry of the Interior in 1892.
He held the position of Minister of the Interior
and Minister of Justice over the next fifteen years. In 1907, he ran for and won the position of Mayor of Madrid
. In 1910, he entered the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences. In 1913 he became Prime Minister of Spain for the first time. In 1915, he left that position, but would return to it for a short while in 1917. He became the 230th Minister for Foreign Affairs from 22 March 1918 to 9 November 1918. Then he moved to the post of Minister of State
and stayed there until 1920, when he led the government as Prime Minister again.
by Lluís Nicolau, Pere Mateu and Ramon Casanelles, 3 Catalan anarchists
, while being driven from the parliament building and in front of the Puerta de Alcalá. This was the second murder of a Spanish prime minister in less than a decade; in 1912 Jose Canalejas
had been killed similarly.
Dato was a member of the International Permanent Court
in The Hague
(he became Vice-President in 1913), member of the International Law Institute
, administrator of the bank firm 'Banco Hipotecario' and President of the National Institute of Social Security, the Council of Public Instruction and the Academy of Jurisprudence and Legislation. The King Alfonso XIII of Spain
posthumously bestowed the Duchy
of Dato to his widow.
s: the Chain
of the Order of Charles III, Knight
Grand Cross
of the First Class of the Order of St. Gregory the Great
of the Holy See
and Grand Cross
of the Order of Christ
of Portugal
. He was also made the 340th Grand Cross
of the Order of the Tower and Sword
of Portugal
. After his death and for that impeadment and in his honour, his wife was granted the title of 1st Duchess of Dato.
of the Order of Noble Dames of Queen Maria Luisa of Spain and Grand Cross
of the Order of Beneficence of Spain
, of Basque
descent (- Madrid
, 1926), daughter of Juan José de Barrenechea e Urdampilleta (himself the son of Pedro de Barrenechea y Zubea and wife María Ignacia de Urdampilleta y Lagarto) and wife Micaela Montegui y Mercaide (herself the daughter of José Manuel Montegui and wife María de la Concepción Mercaide), and had three daughters:
Prime Minister of Spain
The President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
: from 27 October 1913 to 9 December 1915, from 11 June 1917 to 3 November 1917, and from 28 April 1920 till his death. Also he held eleven cabinet ministries, and was four times President
President
A president is a leader of an organization, company, trade union, university, or country.Etymologically, a president is one who presides, who sits in leadership...
of the Spanish Congress of Deputies
Spanish Congress of Deputies
The Spanish Congress of Deputies is the lower house of the Cortes Generales, Spain's legislative branch. It has 350 members, elected by popular vote on block lists by proportional representation in constituencies matching the Spanish provinces using the D'Hondt method. Deputies serve four-year terms...
(a role approximating to that of parliamentary Speaker).
Career
Born in A CoruñaA Coruña
A Coruña or La Coruña is a city and municipality of Galicia, Spain. It is the second-largest city in the autonomous community and seventeenth overall in the country...
, Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
, son of Carlos Dato y Granados (himself the son of Carlos Dato Camacho
Camacho
Camacho is the last name of:* Alicia Sánchez-Camacho, a Spanish politician* Antonio Camacho Vizcaino, Spanish ministry of the interior* Carlos Camacho, a Guamanian politician* Carlos Camacho , a Colombian actor* Carlos S...
y Marín and wife Cayetana Ruperta Granados
Granados
Places called Granados:*Granados, Baja Verapaz, Guatemala*Granados, Sonora, MexicoPeople named Granados:* Enrique Granados , Spanish composer* Federico Tinoco Granados , president of Costa Rica...
y García
García (surname)
García is a surname common throughout the Americas, the Philippines and Spain. There are several theories about its origin and history, but it is probably of Basque origin...
, de Vivancos e Acosta
Acosta
Acosta is a Spanish and Portuguese surname. Originally it was used to refer to a person who lived by the seashore or from the mountains . It comes from the Portuguese da Costa, which in Spanish became de Acosta.-Persons:*Arthur T...
) and wife Rosa Lorenza Iradier e Arce, of Galician
Galician people
The Galicians are an ethnic group, a nationality whose historical homeland is Galicia in north-western Spain. Most Galicians are bilingual, speaking both their historic language, Galician, and Castilian Spanish.-Political and administrative divisions:...
descent, he moved with his family to Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
while still young. He obtained a degree
Academic degree
An academic degree is a position and title within a college or university that is usually awarded in recognition of the recipient having either satisfactorily completed a prescribed course of study or having conducted a scholarly endeavour deemed worthy of his or her admission to the degree...
in Law
Law
Law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior, wherever possible. It shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a social mediator of relations between people. Contract law regulates everything from buying a bus...
in 1875 and opened his law office two years later. Elected to the Spanish parliament in 1883, he became Under-secretary for the Ministry of the Interior in 1892.
He held the position of Minister of the Interior
Ministry of the Interior (Spain)
The Ministry of Interior of Spain which historically could be known as Ministerio de la Gobernación, Ministerio del Orden Público, Ministerio del Interior y la Gobernación or Ministerio del Interior y Justicia is the executive branch responsible for policing, national security, and immigration...
and Minister of Justice over the next fifteen years. In 1907, he ran for and won the position of Mayor of Madrid
Mayor of Madrid
The Mayor of Madrid is an elected politician who, along with Madrid City Council, is accountable for the strategic government of Madrid....
. In 1910, he entered the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences. In 1913 he became Prime Minister of Spain for the first time. In 1915, he left that position, but would return to it for a short while in 1917. He became the 230th Minister for Foreign Affairs from 22 March 1918 to 9 November 1918. Then he moved to the post of Minister of State
Minister of State
Minister of State is a title borne by politicians or officials in certain countries governed under a parliamentary system. In some countries a "minister of state" is a junior minister, who is assigned to assist a specific cabinet minister...
and stayed there until 1920, when he led the government as Prime Minister again.
Assassination
On 8 March 1921 in Madrid, Dato was shotPropaganda of the deed
Propaganda of the deed is a concept that refers to specific political actions meant to be exemplary to others...
by Lluís Nicolau, Pere Mateu and Ramon Casanelles, 3 Catalan anarchists
Anarchist Catalonia
Anarchist Catalonia was the part of Catalonia controlled by the anarchist Confederación Nacional del Trabajo during the Spanish Civil War.-Anarchists enter government:...
, while being driven from the parliament building and in front of the Puerta de Alcalá. This was the second murder of a Spanish prime minister in less than a decade; in 1912 Jose Canalejas
José Canalejas
José Canalejas y Méndez was a Spanish politician, born in Ferrol.-Early life:Canalejas graduated in 1871 from the University of Madrid, took his Galicia doctor's degree in 1872 and became a lecturer on literature in 1873...
had been killed similarly.
Dato was a member of the International Permanent Court
Permanent Court of Arbitration
The Permanent Court of Arbitration , is an international organization based in The Hague in the Netherlands.-History:The court was established in 1899 as one of the acts of the first Hague Peace Conference, which makes it the oldest institution for international dispute resolution.The creation of...
in The Hague
The Hague
The Hague is the capital city of the province of South Holland in the Netherlands. With a population of 500,000 inhabitants , it is the third largest city of the Netherlands, after Amsterdam and Rotterdam...
(he became Vice-President in 1913), member of the International Law Institute
International Law Institute
The International Law Institute also known as the ILI, was founded as part of Georgetown University in 1955. The ILI provides training and technical assistance to help find practical solutions to the legal, economic and financial problems of developing countries...
, administrator of the bank firm 'Banco Hipotecario' and President of the National Institute of Social Security, the Council of Public Instruction and the Academy of Jurisprudence and Legislation. The King Alfonso XIII of Spain
Alfonso XIII of Spain
Alfonso XIII was King of Spain from 1886 until 1931. His mother, Maria Christina of Austria, was appointed regent during his minority...
posthumously bestowed the Duchy
Duchy
A duchy is a territory, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess.Some duchies were sovereign in areas that would become unified realms only during the Modern era . In contrast, others were subordinate districts of those kingdoms that unified either partially or completely during the Medieval era...
of Dato to his widow.
Decorations
He also received the following decorationState decoration
State decorations are orders, medals and other decorations granted by a state. International decorations are similar, but are not granted by a specific nation but rather an international organization....
s: the Chain
Chain
A chain is a sequence of connected links.Chain may also refer to:Chain may refer to:* Necklace - a jewelry which is worn around the neck* Mail , a type of armor made of interlocking chain links...
of the Order of Charles III, Knight
Knight
A knight was a member of a class of lower nobility in the High Middle Ages.By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior....
Grand Cross
Grand Cross
The phrase Grand Cross is used to denote the highest grade in many orders of knighthood. Sometimes the holders of the highest grade are referred to "knights grand cross" or just "grand crosses"; in other cases the actual insignia itself is called "the grand cross".Alternatively, in some other...
of the First Class of the Order of St. Gregory the Great
Order of St. Gregory the Great
The Pontifical Equestrian Order of St. Gregory the Great , was established on September 1, 1831, by Pope Gregory XVI, seven months after his election.It is one of the five orders of knighthood of the Holy See...
of the Holy See
Holy See
The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...
and Grand Cross
Grand Cross
The phrase Grand Cross is used to denote the highest grade in many orders of knighthood. Sometimes the holders of the highest grade are referred to "knights grand cross" or just "grand crosses"; in other cases the actual insignia itself is called "the grand cross".Alternatively, in some other...
of the Order of Christ
Order of Christ (Portugal)
The Military Order of Christ previously the Royal Order of the Knights of Our Lord Jesus Christ was the heritage of the Knights Templar in Portugal, after the suppression of the Templars in 1312...
of Portugal
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
. He was also made the 340th Grand Cross
Grand Cross
The phrase Grand Cross is used to denote the highest grade in many orders of knighthood. Sometimes the holders of the highest grade are referred to "knights grand cross" or just "grand crosses"; in other cases the actual insignia itself is called "the grand cross".Alternatively, in some other...
of the Order of the Tower and Sword
Order of the Tower and Sword
The Military Order of the Tower and of the Sword, of Valour, Loyalty and Merit is a Portuguese order of knighthood and the pinnacle of the Portuguese honours system. It was created by King Afonso V in 1459....
of Portugal
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
. After his death and for that impeadment and in his honour, his wife was granted the title of 1st Duchess of Dato.
Marriage and children
He married María del Carmen de Barrenechea y Montegui, DameDame (title)
The title of Dame is the female equivalent of the honour of knighthood in the British honours system . It is also the equivalent form address to 'Sir' for a knight...
of the Order of Noble Dames of Queen Maria Luisa of Spain and Grand Cross
Grand Cross
The phrase Grand Cross is used to denote the highest grade in many orders of knighthood. Sometimes the holders of the highest grade are referred to "knights grand cross" or just "grand crosses"; in other cases the actual insignia itself is called "the grand cross".Alternatively, in some other...
of the Order of Beneficence of Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
, of Basque
Basque people
The Basques as an ethnic group, primarily inhabit an area traditionally known as the Basque Country , a region that is located around the western end of the Pyrenees on the coast of the Bay of Biscay and straddles parts of north-central Spain and south-western France.The Basques are known in the...
descent (- Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
, 1926), daughter of Juan José de Barrenechea e Urdampilleta (himself the son of Pedro de Barrenechea y Zubea and wife María Ignacia de Urdampilleta y Lagarto) and wife Micaela Montegui y Mercaide (herself the daughter of José Manuel Montegui and wife María de la Concepción Mercaide), and had three daughters:
- Isabel Dato y Barrenechea, 2nd Duchess of DatoIsabel Dato y Barrenechea, 2nd Duchess of Dato-Background:She was the first of three daughters of Eduardo Dato e Iradier , three times Spanish Prime Minister and wife María de Barrenechea y Montegui, 1st Duchess of Dato .-Life:She inherited the title after her mother's death. She died unmarried and without issue...
, unmarried and without issue - María del Carmen Dato y Barrenechea, 3rd Duchess of DatoMaría del Carmen Dato y Barrenechea, 3rd Duchess of DatoMaría del Carmen Dato y Barrenechea, 3rd Duchess of Dato , was a Spanish noblewoman.-Background:She was the second of three daughters of Eduardo Dato e Iradier , three times Spanish Prime Minister and wife María del Carmen de Barrenechea y...
(MadridMadridMadrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
, 6 December 1885 - 1954), married to Eugenio Espinosa de los MonterosEspinosa de los MonterosEspinosa de los Monteros is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain, with a population of c. 2,100 inhabitants....
y Bermejillo, and had issue, two sons - María de la Concepción Dato y Barrenechea (MadridMadridMadrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
, 2 May 1890 - MadridMadridMadrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
, 16 September 1973), married in ParisParisParis is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, 25 April 1922 to Ernesto de Zulueta e Isasi, of the MarquessMarquessA marquess or marquis is a nobleman of hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The term is also used to translate equivalent oriental styles, as in imperial China, Japan, and Vietnam...
es of ÁlavaÁlavaÁlava is a province of Spain and a historical territory of the Basque Country, heir of the ancient Lord of Álava. Its capital city is Vitoria-Gasteiz which is also the capital of the autonomous community...
ViscountViscountA viscount or viscountess is a member of the European nobility whose comital title ranks usually, as in the British peerage, above a baron, below an earl or a count .-Etymology:...
s of Casa Blanca (BilbaoBilbaoBilbao ) is a Spanish municipality, capital of the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country. With a population of 353,187 , it is the largest city of its autonomous community and the tenth largest in Spain...
, 26 April 1892 - MadridMadridMadrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
, 9 September 1969), a SpanishSpanish peopleThe Spanish are citizens of the Kingdom of Spain. Within Spain, there are also a number of vigorous nationalisms and regionalisms, reflecting the country's complex history....
DiplomatDiplomatA diplomat is a person appointed by a state to conduct diplomacy with another state or international organization. The main functions of diplomats revolve around the representation and protection of the interests and nationals of the sending state, as well as the promotion of information and...
, and had issue
External links
See also
- Ribera, José António Moya, Costados, N.º 81