Ednyfed Fychan
Encyclopedia
Ednyfed Fychan full name Ednyfed Fychan ap Cynwrig, was a Welsh
Wales
Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has a population of three million, and a total area of 20,779 km²...

 warrior who became seneschal
Seneschal
A seneschal was an officer in the houses of important nobles in the Middle Ages. In the French administrative system of the Middle Ages, the sénéchal was also a royal officer in charge of justice and control of the administration in southern provinces, equivalent to the northern French bailli...

 to the Kingdom of Gwynedd
Kingdom of Gwynedd
Gwynedd was one petty kingdom of several Welsh successor states which emerged in 5th-century post-Roman Britain in the Early Middle Ages, and later evolved into a principality during the High Middle Ages. It was based on the former Brythonic tribal lands of the Ordovices, Gangani, and the...

 in Northern Wales
Wales
Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has a population of three million, and a total area of 20,779 km²...

, serving Llywelyn the Great
Llywelyn the Great
Llywelyn the Great , full name Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, was a Prince of Gwynedd in north Wales and eventually de facto ruler over most of Wales...

 and his son Dafydd ap Llywelyn
Dafydd ap Llywelyn
Dafydd ap Llywelyn was Prince of Gwynedd from 1240 to 1246. He was for a time recognised as Prince of Wales.- Descent :...

. He was a descendant (9th in descent) of Marchudd ap Cynan, Lord of Rhos, Lord Protector of Rhodri Mawr, King of Gwynedd
Fifteen Tribes of Wales
The five royal tribes of Wales and The fifteen tribes of Gwynedd refer to a class of genealogical lists which were compiled by Welsh bards in the mid-15th century. These lists were constructed on the premise that many of the leading Welsh families of their time could trace their descent to the...

 and the ancestor of Owen Tudor
Owen Tudor
Sir Owen Meredith Tudor was a Welsh soldier and courtier, descended from a daughter of the Welsh prince Rhys ap Gruffudd, "Lord Rhys". However, Owen Tudor is particularly remembered for his role in founding England's Tudor dynasty – including his relationship with, and probable secret marriage to,...

 and thereby of the Tudor dynasty
Tudor dynasty
The Tudor dynasty or House of Tudor was a European royal house of Welsh origin that ruled the Kingdom of England and its realms, including the Lordship of Ireland, later the Kingdom of Ireland, from 1485 until 1603. Its first monarch was Henry Tudor, a descendant through his mother of a legitimised...

.

As is usual with medieval orthography, a variety of spellings were used for his name in medieval sources, such as Vychan and Idneved Vachan. Fychan meaning literally "small" but also "junior" or "younger" is the origin of the common Welsh personal name Vaughan
Vaughan (surname)
Vaughan is a surname, originally Welsh though also used as a form of the Irish surname McMahon It derives from the Welsh word "bychan", meaning small. The word mutates to fychan , and so corresponds to the English name Little...

.

As a warrior

Ednyfed is said to have first come to notice in battle, fighting against the army of Ranulph de Blondeville, 4th Earl of Chester
Ranulph de Blondeville, 4th Earl of Chester
Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester and 1st Earl of Lincoln , known in some references as the 4th Earl of Chester , was one of the "old school" of Anglo-Norman barons whose loyalty to the Angevin dynasty was consistent but contingent on the receipt of lucrative favours...

, who attacked Llywelyn at the behest of King John of England. Ednyfed cut off the heads of three English lords in battle and carried them, still bloody, to Llywelyn, who commanded him to change his family coat of arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...

 to display three heads in memory of the feat.

As seneschal

In 1215 he succeeded Gwyn ab Ednywain as seneschal ("distain" in Welsh
Welsh language
Welsh is a member of the Brythonic branch of the Celtic languages spoken natively in Wales, by some along the Welsh border in England, and in Y Wladfa...

) of Gwynedd, roughly equivalent to Chief Councillor or Prime Minister. His titles included Lord of Bryn Ffanigl, Lord of Criccieth
Criccieth
Criccieth is a town and community on Cardigan Bay, in the Eifionydd area of Gwynedd in Wales. The town lies west of Porthmadog, east of Pwllheli and south of Caernarfon. It has a population of 1,826....

, and Chief Justice. He was involved in the negotiations leading to the Peace of Worcester in 1218 and represented Llywelyn in a meeting with the king of England in 1232.

Ednyfed had estates at Bryn Ffanigl Isaf near Abergele
Abergele
Abergele is a community and old Roman trading town, situated on the north coast of Wales between the holiday resorts of Colwyn Bay and Rhyl, in Conwy County Borough. Its northern suburb of Pensarn lies on the Irish Sea coast and is known for its beach, where it is claimed by some that a ghost ship...

 and at Llandrillo-yn-Rhos
Rhos-on-Sea
Rhos-on-Sea also known as Llandrillo-yn-Rhos in Welsh, or Rhos or Llandrillo , is a seaside resort in Conwy County Borough, Wales. The population was 7,110 in 2001. It is a mile to the north but effectively a suburb of Colwyn Bay, on the coast of North Wales...

, now a suburb of Colwyn Bay
Colwyn Bay
- Demography :Prior to local government reorganisation on 1 April 1974 Colwyn Bay was a municipal borough with a population of c.25,000, but in 1974 this designation disappeared leaving five separate parishes, known as communities in Wales, of which the one bearing the name Colwyn Bay encompassed...

. These were the palace of Llys Euryn
Llys Euryn
The ruined remains of Llys Euryn sit upon a wooded shoulder of Bryn Euryn — a limestone hill on the outskirts of Rhos-on-Sea in the county of Conwy, north Wales....

 on the hill of Bryn Euryn, and Rhos Fynach on the sea shore below it. He also held lands in Llansadwrn and presumably also on Anglesey
Anglesey
Anglesey , also known by its Welsh name Ynys Môn , is an island and, as Isle of Anglesey, a county off the north west coast of Wales...

 where his son had his seat.

Ednyfed was married twice, first to Tangwystl Goch ferch Llywarch, of Menai (but perhaps of Rhos?), the daughter of Llywarch ap Brân, then to Gwenllian, daughter of the prince Rhys ap Gruffydd
Rhys ap Gruffydd
Rhys ap Gruffydd or ap Gruffudd was the ruler of the kingdom of Deheubarth in south Wales. He is commonly known as The Lord Rhys, in Welsh Yr Arglwydd Rhys, but this title may not have been used in his lifetime...

 of Deheubarth (order incorrect?).

Ednyfed probably went on a crusade
Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars, blessed by the Pope and the Catholic Church with the main goal of restoring Christian access to the holy places in and near Jerusalem...

 to the Holy Land
Holy Land
The Holy Land is a term which in Judaism refers to the Kingdom of Israel as defined in the Tanakh. For Jews, the Land's identifiction of being Holy is defined in Judaism by its differentiation from other lands by virtue of the practice of Judaism often possible only in the Land of Israel...

 around 1235, although the evidence is not conclusive.

Later years and legacy

Gwenllian died in 1236. On Llywelyn the Great's death in 1240, Ednyfed continued as seneschal in the service of Llywelyn's son, Dafydd ap Llywelyn
Dafydd ap Llywelyn
Dafydd ap Llywelyn was Prince of Gwynedd from 1240 to 1246. He was for a time recognised as Prince of Wales.- Descent :...

, until his own death in 1246. One of his sons was captured and killed by the English in the war of 1245.

Ednyfed was buried in his own chapel, now Llandrillo yn Rhos Church, Llandrillo-yn-Rhos (Rhos-on-Sea), North Wales, which was enlarged to became the parish church after the previous one (Dinerth Parish Church) had been inundated by the sea during Ednyfed's lifetime. His tombstone, was reputed to lie near the altar of Llandrillo Church, now in a vertical position in one of the arches., but this is disputed as the name inscribed is an Ednyfed ap Bleddyn 'quondam vicarius' (sometime vicar) of the parish in the 16th century.

Two other sons were successively seneschals of Gwynedd under Llywelyn the Last
Llywelyn the Last
Llywelyn ap Gruffydd or Llywelyn Ein Llyw Olaf , sometimes rendered as Llywelyn II, was the last prince of an independent Wales before its conquest by Edward I of England....

. After Llywelyn's death in 1282 the family made its peace with the English crown, though a descendant joined the revolt of Madog ap Llywelyn
Madog ap Llywelyn
Madog ap Llywelyn, or Prince Madoc, was from a junior branch of the House of Aberffraw and a distant relation of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, the last recognised native Prince of Wales.-Lineage:...

 in 1294-5, acting as Madog's seneschal after his proclamation of himself as prince of Wales. Ednyfed's son Goronwy gave rise to the Penmynydd
Penmynydd
Penmynydd is a village on Anglesey situated on a slight hill on the B5420 road between Menai Bridge and Llangefni, at...

 branch of the family in Anglesey, from whom Owen Tudor and later Henry VII
Henry VII of England
Henry VII was King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizing the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509, as the first monarch of the House of Tudor....

 were descended.

Ednyfed in legend: Ednyfed Fychan's Farewell

According to folk tradition, Ednyfed is said to have composed a farewell song to Gwenllian before leaving to take part in the Crusades. He was away for several years, and his family thought him dead. According to an old Welsh tale, Gwenllian accepted another offer of marriage. On the wedding night, a 'pitiable beggar' arrived at the house and asked permission to borrow a harp
Harp
The harp is a multi-stringed instrument which has the plane of its strings positioned perpendicularly to the soundboard. Organologically, it is in the general category of chordophones and has its own sub category . All harps have a neck, resonator and strings...

 with which to entertain the party with a song. According to this legend the beggar sang Ednyfed's Farewell song and as he reached the last verse, removed his hat, revealing himself to be Ednyfed. He sang:
A wanderer I, and aweary of strife,

Get ye gone, if ye so desire;

But if I may not have my own wife

I'll have my own bed, my own house, my own fire!"

Ednyfed then announced to the stunned throng:
"This was the tune 'Farewell' to my dear Gwenllian. Hence let her go with her new husband. My faithful harp, come to my arms."

Issue

By first marriage he had:
  • Sir Tudur ap Ednyfed Fychan, of Nant
    Nant (disambiguation)
    NAnt is a free and open source software tool for automating software build processes.Nant may also refer to:* Llef o'r Nant , Welsh Anglican priest* Nant, Aveyron, France* Nant Bwa Bwa Phan , Burmese politician...

     and Llangynhafal, Seneschal of Gwynedd (c. 1205 - 1278), married Adles ferch Rhicert, of Dinllaen; he had issue
  • Llywelyn ap Ednyfed Fychan, of Creuddyn; he had issue
  • Hywel ap Ednyfed Fychan, Bishop of Llanelwy (1240–1247)
  • Rhys ap Ednyfed Fychan, (of Garth Garmon) (born c. 1205); had issue
  • Cynwrig ap Ednyfed Fychan, of Creuddyn; had issue
  • Iorwerth ap Ednyfed Fychan "y Gwahanglwyfus" (a leper), of Abermarlais


By second marriage he had:
  • Goronwy ap Ednyfed Fychan, Lord of Tref-Gastell, Seneschal of Gwynedd (c. 1200 - 1268, bur Bangor
    Bangor, Gwynedd
    Bangor is a city in Gwynedd, north west Wales, and one of the smallest cities in Britain. It is a university city with a population of 13,725 at the 2001 census, not including around 10,000 students at Bangor University. Including nearby Menai Bridge on Anglesey, which does not however form part of...

    ), married Morfudd ferch Meurig, of Gwent
    Gwent (county)
    Gwent is a preserved county and a former local government county in south-east Wales. It was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, and was named after the ancient Kingdom of Gwent....

    , daughter of Meuric of Gwent ap Ithel, Lord of Gwent, and had:
    • Tudur Hen ap Goronwy, of Penmynydd
      Penmynydd
      Penmynydd is a village on Anglesey situated on a slight hill on the B5420 road between Menai Bridge and Llangefni, at...

      , Seneschal of Gwynedd (c. 1245 - 11 October 1311, bur Bangor), who built the Priory of Bangor, married Angharad ferch Ithel Fychan, of Tegeingl (born c. 1260), daughter of Ithel Fychan, of Englefield
      Englefield
      -Geography:In England:* Englefield, a village in the county of Berkshire, England.* Englefield Green, a village in the county of Surrey, England.In Wales:* Englefield, an alternative name for the Cantref of Tegeingl in north Wales.-People:...

       (Cantref), and had:
      • Goronwy ap Tudur Hen, Forester
        Forester
        250px|thumb|right|Foresters of [[Southern University of Chile|UACh]] in the [[Valdivian forest]]s of San Pablo de Tregua, ChileA forester is a person who practices forestry, the science, art, and profession of managing forests. Foresters engage in a broad range of activities including timber...

         of Snowdon
        Snowdon
        Snowdon is the highest mountain in Wales, at an altitude of above sea level, and the highest point in the British Isles outside Scotland. It is located in Snowdonia National Park in Gwynedd, and has been described as "probably the busiest mountain in Britain"...

        , (of Trecastell) (c. 1285 - 11 December 1331, bur Bangor), Captain of 20 Archer
        Archery
        Archery is the art, practice, or skill of propelling arrows with the use of a bow, from Latin arcus. Archery has historically been used for hunting and combat; in modern times, however, its main use is that of a recreational activity...

        s at Aquitaine
        Aquitaine
        Aquitaine , archaic Guyenne/Guienne , is one of the 27 regions of France, in the south-western part of metropolitan France, along the Atlantic Ocean and the Pyrenees mountain range on the border with Spain. It comprises the 5 departments of Dordogne, :Lot et Garonne, :Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Landes...

        , married Gwerful ferch Madog, daughter of Madog ap Dafydd ap Iorwerth, Baron of Hendwr, and had:
        • Hywel ap Goronwy (c. 1305/1310 - c. 1366, bur Bangor), Archdeacon of Anglesey
        • Tudur Fychan ap Goronwy, Rhaglaw of Dindaethwy
          Dindaethwy
          Dindaethwy is a historic commote in north-east Anglesey. It includes Beaumaris and Menai Bridge . The corresponding rural deanery is called Tyndaethwy...

          , of Trecastell (and Penrhyn), acceeded to the Friary, Bangor, on 13 September 1337 (c. 1310 - 19 September 1367, bur Bangor), married firstly Mallt ferch Madog, (of Penllyn
          Penllyn
          Penllyn is a former civil parish in the Welsh county of Gwynedd. The parish was created in 1894 from the part of Criccieth parish that lay outside the ancient borough. It was abolished in 1934, and divided between Llanystumdwy and Criccieth....

          ), and had seven or eight children, and married secondly Margred ferch Tomas, of Ceredigion
          Ceredigion
          Ceredigion is a county and former kingdom in mid-west Wales. As Cardiganshire , it was created in 1282, and was reconstituted as a county under that name in 1996, reverting to Ceredigion a day later...

          , and had two or three children:
          • Goronwy ap Tudur Fychan, Forester of Snowdon, Constable
            Constable
            A constable is a person holding a particular office, most commonly in law enforcement. The office of constable can vary significantly in different jurisdictions.-Etymology:...

             of Biwmares, of Penmynydd (died drowned, 22 March 1382, bur Llanfaes
            Llanfaes
            Llanfaes is a small village on the island of Anglesey, Wales, located on the shore of the eastern entrance to the Menai Strait, the tidal waterway separating Anglesey from the north Wales coast.- History :...

            ), married Myfanwy ferch Iorwerth, of Pen Gwern; he had issue
          • Rhys ap Tudur
            Rhys ap Tudur
            Rhys ap Tudur was a Welsh nobleman and a key figure in the revolt of Owain Glyndŵr. A descendant of Ednyfed Fychan, he was escheator and sheriff of Anglesey before the revolt, and served as esquire of Richard II in the 1390s. He held the offices of sheriff and escheator of Anglesey as well as the...

             Fychan, of Erddreiniog (died 1412, bur Bangor), married Efa ferch Gruffudd Goch, of Cloddiau; he had issue
          • Ednyfed ap Tudur Fychan, of Trecastell (died c. 1382), married Gwenllian ferch Dafydd, of Tegeingl; he had issue
          • Gwilym ap Tudur Fychan, of Clorach, fl 1398-1406
          • Angharad ferch Tudur Fychan, married firstly Maredudd Ddu ap Gruffudd, of Arwystli
            Arwystli
            Arwystli was a cantref in medieval Wales, located in the headland of the River Severn in what is now the county of Powys. It was chiefly associated with the Kingdom of Powys, but was heavily disputed between Powys, Gwynedd, and the Norman Marcher Lords for hundreds of years, and was the scene of...

            , and married secondly Gruffudd Hanmer, fl 1400, (of Maelor Saesneg)
          • Angharad ferch Tudur Fychan, married Tudur ap Hywel, fl 1352
          • Margredferch Tudur Fychan, married Madog Fychan ap Madog Foel, (of Eglwyseg
            Eglwyseg
            The Eglwyseg valley is an area to the north east of Llangollen in Denbighshire, Wales; it is within the boundaries of Llantysilio Community. The name also refers to a widely-scattered hamlet in the valley....

            )
          • Gwenhwyfar ferch Tudur Fychan (daughter of either first or second wife), married NN
          • Rhys Mawddwy ap Tudur Fychan
          • Maredudd ap Tudur, Escheator of Anglesey
            Anglesey
            Anglesey , also known by its Welsh name Ynys Môn , is an island and, as Isle of Anglesey, a county off the north west coast of Wales...

            , fl 1392-1406, married Margared ferch Dafydd Fychan, of Trefeilir, daughter of Dafydd Fychan ap Dafydd ap Llwyd, of Anglesea
            Anglesea
            Anglesea may refer to:*Anglesea, Victoria, an Australian town*Anglesea Football Club, an Australian rules football club*Anglesea Borough, New Jersey, former borough, currently part of North Wildwood, New Jersey, United States...

            , and had:
            • Sir Owen Tudor
              Owen Tudor
              Sir Owen Meredith Tudor was a Welsh soldier and courtier, descended from a daughter of the Welsh prince Rhys ap Gruffudd, "Lord Rhys". However, Owen Tudor is particularly remembered for his role in founding England's Tudor dynasty – including his relationship with, and probable secret marriage to,...

            • Annes ferch Maredudd, married Sir William Norris, of Cheshire
              Cheshire
              Cheshire is a ceremonial county in North West England. Cheshire's county town is the city of Chester, although its largest town is Warrington. Other major towns include Widnes, Congleton, Crewe, Ellesmere Port, Runcorn, Macclesfield, Winsford, Northwich, and Wilmslow...

              , England
              England
              England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...

        • Gruffudd ap Goronwy, fl 1332
        • Gwerful ferch Goronwy, married Madog Goch ap Iorwerth, of Grugnant, bur Llanrwst
          Llanrwst
          Llanrwst is a small town and community on the A470 road and the River Conwy in Conwy County Borough, Wales. It takes its name from the 5th century to 6th century Saint Grwst, and the original parish church in Cae Llan was replaced by the 12th-century church....

        • Gwenllian ferch Goronwy, married Iorwerth Goch ap Madog, (of Maelor Gymraeg)
        • Gwenllian ferch Goronwy, married Iorwerth ap Llywelyn, fl 1315, (of Bwras)
      • Hywel ap Tudur Hen
      • Tudur Fychan ap Tudur Hen; had issue
      • Morfudd ferch Tudur Hen; married Llywarch ap Heilyn Gloff, (of Carwedfynydd)
    • Gwilym ap Goronwy; had issue
    • Goronwy Fychan ap Goronwy (born c. 1255, fl
      Floruit
      Floruit , abbreviated fl. , is a Latin verb meaning "flourished", denoting the period of time during which something was active...

       1278-1310), married Generys ferch Hwfa, (of Bers); had issue
    • Hywel ap Goronwy, fl 1278
    • Adles ferch Goronwy, married Goronwy ap Maredudd, of Tyddyn Adda
  • Gruffudd ap Ednyfed Fychan, ancestor of Griffith of Wychnor
    Wychnor
    Wychnor is a civil parish in Staffordshire, England, situated in the East Staffordshire local government district adjoining Alrewas and Barton-under-Needwood. It is situated on the A38, formerly the Roman road Ryknild Street, and contains the hamlet of Wychnor Bridges where the A38 crosses the...

  • Gwladus ferch Ednyfed Fychan, married Tegwared ap Cynwrig
  • Gwenllian ferch Ednyfed Fychan, married Tegwared y Baiswen, illegitimate son of Llywelyn Fawr, Prince of Gwynedd


By either of his marriages he had:
  • Gwenllian ferch Ednyfed Fychan, married firstly Sir Aron ap Rhys, Knight
    Knight
    A knight was a member of a class of lower nobility in the High Middle Ages.By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior....

     of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre
    Order of the Holy Sepulchre
    The Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem is a Roman Catholic order of knighthood under the protection of the pope. It traces its roots to Duke Godfrey of Bouillon, principal leader of the First Crusade...

    , and married secondly Gwrwared ap Gwilym
  • Angharad ferch Ednyfed Fychan, married Einion Fychan ab Einion, (of Malltraeth
    Malltraeth
    Malltraeth Malltraeth Malltraeth (origin: Mall (corrupt, blasted, desolate, + Traeth (beach)) is a small village in the southwest of Anglesey, in the area of Bodorgan...

    )


By an unknown woman he had, illegitimate:
  • Tudur Gwilltyn ap Ednyfed Fychan; had issue
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