Fifteen Tribes of Wales
Encyclopedia
'The five royal tribes of Wales' and 'The fifteen tribes of Gwynedd' refer to a class of genealogical lists which were compiled by Welsh bard
s in the mid-15th century. These lists were constructed on the premise that many of the leading Welsh families of their time could trace their descent to the 'five royal tribes of Wales' or the 'fifteen noble tribes of Gwynedd'. This is not to say that the lists are identical.
In the surviving manuscripts, the first occurrence of the 'fifteen tribes of Gwynedd' is probably in parts written by Gutun Owain
in NLW, Peniarth MS 131. The Welsh headings which stand above the pedigrees of Eunydd of Dyffryn Clwyd and Hwfa ap Cynddelw on p. 85 and the tribe of Gollwyn ap Tangno on p. 90 all read something like 'one of the 15 tribes (llwyth)'. A related list is found in BM. Add. MS 14.919, f. 121v.
A more developed example is to be found on two folios of a 16th or 17th-century manuscript in the British Library, Harleian MS 1970, fos 34r-v, where the list is accompanied by a number of heraldic designs.
The basic idea of five regal and fifteen common (i.e. noble) tribes was later used by the antiquarian and genealogist Philip Yorke
as a model for his Royal Tribes of Wales (1799).
Bard
In medieval Gaelic and British culture a bard was a professional poet, employed by a patron, such as a monarch or nobleman, to commemorate the patron's ancestors and to praise the patron's own activities.Originally a specific class of poet, contrasting with another class known as fili in Ireland...
s in the mid-15th century. These lists were constructed on the premise that many of the leading Welsh families of their time could trace their descent to the 'five royal tribes of Wales' or the 'fifteen noble tribes of Gwynedd'. This is not to say that the lists are identical.
In the surviving manuscripts, the first occurrence of the 'fifteen tribes of Gwynedd' is probably in parts written by Gutun Owain
Gutun Owain
Gutun Owain was a Welsh language poet. Gutun Owain was born near Oswestry in what is now north Shropshire and was a student of Dafydd ab Edmwnd....
in NLW, Peniarth MS 131. The Welsh headings which stand above the pedigrees of Eunydd of Dyffryn Clwyd and Hwfa ap Cynddelw on p. 85 and the tribe of Gollwyn ap Tangno on p. 90 all read something like 'one of the 15 tribes (llwyth)'. A related list is found in BM. Add. MS 14.919, f. 121v.
A more developed example is to be found on two folios of a 16th or 17th-century manuscript in the British Library, Harleian MS 1970, fos 34r-v, where the list is accompanied by a number of heraldic designs.
The basic idea of five regal and fifteen common (i.e. noble) tribes was later used by the antiquarian and genealogist Philip Yorke
Philip Yorke
Philip Yorke was an antiquary who developed a great interest in Welsh history and genealogy relatively late in his life. He is the author of The Royal Tribes of Wales .-Background:...
as a model for his Royal Tribes of Wales (1799).