Earl of Arundel
Encyclopedia
The title Earl of Arundel is the oldest extant Earldom and perhaps the oldest extant title in the Peerage of England
. It is currently held by the Duke of Norfolk
, and is used (along with the Earldom of Surrey
) by his heir apparent
as a courtesy title
. It was created in 1138 for the Norman
baron
Sir William d'Aubigny
. Until the mid-13th century, the Earls were also frequently known as Earl of Sussex, until this title fell into disuse. At about the same time, the Earldom fell to the originally Breton
FitzAlan family, a younger branch of which went on to become the Stuart
family which later ruled Scotland
.
A tradition arose that the holder of Arundel Castle
should automatically be Earl of Arundel, and this was formally confirmed by King Henry VI
. However, this was not always consistently followed. Some of the Lords of Arundel were never addressed as Earl during their lifetime, but nevertheless are counted and numbered as earls here. Other sources may not include some of the earls listed below, and may consider the earldom to have been created more than once.
In his 1834 book on the Earls of Arundel, M. A. Tierney (Chaplain to the Duke of Norfolk) maintains that the first incarnation of the Earldom was with the House of Montgomery. Roger of Montgomery, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury was one of William the Conqueror
's top generals, and William bestowed on him, amongst several hundred other manors, the property at Arundel, with the charge to fortify it with a castle. Montgomery is believed to have built the motte that survives to this day, and is thought to have built a wooden keep on it, overlooking the river Arun. Montgomery and two of his sons are counted by many as being the first incarnation of the Earldom, but are often not counted amongst the Earls.
In 1580 the 19th Earl, and last FitzAlan to hold the title, died without a male heir. His daughter Mary FitzAlan
had married the attained
4th Duke of Norfolk
, and the title now passed to their son, (Saint
) Philip Howard
. Like his father, the new Earl was soon attainted for plotting against Queen Elizabeth I
, and the title was only restored to his son following the accession of King James I
. The 23rd Earl of Arundel, the fourth Howard to hold the title, was restored to the principal Howard title of Duke of Norfolk in 1660, and the title has descended with that Dukedom ever since.
In 1842 by Royal Warrant, Henry Howard
, 14th Duke of Norfolk and 32nd Earl of Arundel, and his siblings, assumed the surname FitzAlan-Howard, used by the family line to the present day.
Thereafter the Earldom of Arundel has been held by the Dukes of Norfolk. The 18th Duke of Norfolk
(16th Earl of Arundel of the 3rd creation) is the current holder.
The heir apparent is Henry Fitzalan-Howard, Earl of Arundel (b. 1987).
Peerage of England
The Peerage of England comprises all peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union in 1707. In that year, the Peerages of England and Scotland were replaced by one Peerage of Great Britain....
. It is currently held by the Duke of Norfolk
Duke of Norfolk
The Duke of Norfolk is the premier duke in the peerage of England, and also, as Earl of Arundel, the premier earl. The Duke of Norfolk is, moreover, the Earl Marshal and hereditary Marshal of England. The seat of the Duke of Norfolk is Arundel Castle in Sussex, although the title refers to the...
, and is used (along with the Earldom of Surrey
Earl of Surrey
The Earl of Surrey is a title in the Peerage of England, and has been created five times. It was first created for William de Warenne, a close companion of William the Conqueror...
) by his heir apparent
Heir apparent
An heir apparent or heiress apparent is a person who is first in line of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting, except by a change in the rules of succession....
as a courtesy title
Courtesy title
A courtesy title is a form of address in systems of nobility used for children, former wives and other close relatives of a peer. These styles are used 'by courtesy' in the sense that the relatives do not themselves hold substantive titles...
. It was created in 1138 for the Norman
Normans
The Normans were the people who gave their name to Normandy, a region in northern France. They were descended from Norse Viking conquerors of the territory and the native population of Frankish and Gallo-Roman stock...
baron
Baron
Baron is a title of nobility. The word baron comes from Old French baron, itself from Old High German and Latin baro meaning " man, warrior"; it merged with cognate Old English beorn meaning "nobleman"...
Sir William d'Aubigny
William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel
William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Lincoln and 1st Earl of Arundel , also known as William d'Albini, was son of William d'Aubigny, 'Pincerna' of Old Buckenham Castle in Norfolk, and Maud Bigod, daughter of Roger Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk.-Marriage and Issue:The younger William was an important member...
. Until the mid-13th century, the Earls were also frequently known as Earl of Sussex, until this title fell into disuse. At about the same time, the Earldom fell to the originally Breton
Brittany
Brittany is a cultural and administrative region in the north-west of France. Previously a kingdom and then a duchy, Brittany was united to the Kingdom of France in 1532 as a province. Brittany has also been referred to as Less, Lesser or Little Britain...
FitzAlan family, a younger branch of which went on to become the Stuart
House of Stuart
The House of Stuart is a European royal house. Founded by Robert II of Scotland, the Stewarts first became monarchs of the Kingdom of Scotland during the late 14th century, and subsequently held the position of the Kings of Great Britain and Ireland...
family which later ruled Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
.
A tradition arose that the holder of Arundel Castle
Arundel Castle
Arundel Castle in Arundel, West Sussex, England is a restored medieval castle. It was founded by Roger de Montgomery on Christmas Day 1067. Roger became the first to hold the earldom of Arundel by the graces of William the Conqueror...
should automatically be Earl of Arundel, and this was formally confirmed by King Henry VI
Henry VI of England
Henry VI was King of England from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453. Until 1437, his realm was governed by regents. Contemporaneous accounts described him as peaceful and pious, not suited for the violent dynastic civil wars, known as the Wars...
. However, this was not always consistently followed. Some of the Lords of Arundel were never addressed as Earl during their lifetime, but nevertheless are counted and numbered as earls here. Other sources may not include some of the earls listed below, and may consider the earldom to have been created more than once.
In his 1834 book on the Earls of Arundel, M. A. Tierney (Chaplain to the Duke of Norfolk) maintains that the first incarnation of the Earldom was with the House of Montgomery. Roger of Montgomery, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury was one of William the Conqueror
William I of England
William I , also known as William the Conqueror , was the first Norman King of England from Christmas 1066 until his death. He was also Duke of Normandy from 3 July 1035 until his death, under the name William II...
's top generals, and William bestowed on him, amongst several hundred other manors, the property at Arundel, with the charge to fortify it with a castle. Montgomery is believed to have built the motte that survives to this day, and is thought to have built a wooden keep on it, overlooking the river Arun. Montgomery and two of his sons are counted by many as being the first incarnation of the Earldom, but are often not counted amongst the Earls.
In 1580 the 19th Earl, and last FitzAlan to hold the title, died without a male heir. His daughter Mary FitzAlan
Mary FitzAlan
Lady Mary FitzAlan, Duchess of Norfolk was the youngest daughter and child of Henry FitzAlan, 19th Earl of Arundel and his first wife Lady Catherine Grey. Because her only brother had predeceased her, she and her elder sister, Jane FitzAlan were co-heiresses to the earldom of her father...
had married the attained
Attainder
In English criminal law, attainder or attinctura is the metaphorical 'stain' or 'corruption of blood' which arises from being condemned for a serious capital crime . It entails losing not only one's property and hereditary titles, but typically also the right to pass them on to one's heirs...
4th Duke of Norfolk
Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk
Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, KG, Earl Marshal was an English nobleman.Norfolk was the son of the poet Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey. He was taught as a child by John Foxe, the Protestant martyrologist, who remained a lifelong recipient of Norfolk's patronage...
, and the title now passed to their son, (Saint
Saint
A saint is a holy person. In various religions, saints are people who are believed to have exceptional holiness.In Christian usage, "saint" refers to any believer who is "in Christ", and in whom Christ dwells, whether in heaven or in earth...
) Philip Howard
Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel
Saint Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel was an English nobleman. He was canonised by Pope Paul VI in 1970, as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales...
. Like his father, the new Earl was soon attainted for plotting against Queen Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I of England
Elizabeth I was queen regnant of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty...
, and the title was only restored to his son following the accession of King James I
James I of England
James VI and I was King of Scots as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the English and Scottish crowns on 24 March 1603...
. The 23rd Earl of Arundel, the fourth Howard to hold the title, was restored to the principal Howard title of Duke of Norfolk in 1660, and the title has descended with that Dukedom ever since.
In 1842 by Royal Warrant, Henry Howard
Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 14th Duke of Norfolk
Henry Granville Fitzalan-Howard, 14th Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal, Chief Butler of England was the son of Henry Charles Howard, 13th Duke of Norfolk and Lady Charlotte Sophia Leveson-Gower...
, 14th Duke of Norfolk and 32nd Earl of Arundel, and his siblings, assumed the surname FitzAlan-Howard, used by the family line to the present day.
Earls of Arundel
- William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of ArundelWilliam d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of ArundelWilliam d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Lincoln and 1st Earl of Arundel , also known as William d'Albini, was son of William d'Aubigny, 'Pincerna' of Old Buckenham Castle in Norfolk, and Maud Bigod, daughter of Roger Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk.-Marriage and Issue:The younger William was an important member...
(d. 1176) - William d'Aubigny, 2nd Earl of ArundelWilliam d'Aubigny, 2nd Earl of ArundelWilliam d'Aubigny, 2nd Earl of Arundel was the son of William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel and Adeliza of Louvain, widow of Henry I of England....
(d. 1193) - William d'Aubigny, 3rd Earl of ArundelWilliam d'Aubigny, 3rd Earl of ArundelWilliam d'Aubigny, 3rd Earl of Arundel was an English nobleman, a favourite of King John, and a participant in the Fifth Crusade.-Lineage:...
(d. 1221) - William d'Aubigny, 4th Earl of ArundelWilliam d'Aubigny, 4th Earl of ArundelWilliam d'Aubigny, 4th Earl of Arundel was the eldest son of William d'Aubigny, 3rd Earl of Arundel and Mabel of Chester , daughter of Hugh de Kevelioc, 3rd Earl of Chester and Bertrade de Montfort of Evreux. He became Earl of Arundel and Earl of Sussex on 30 March 1221. He was buried at Wymondham...
(d. 1224) - Hugh d'Aubigny, 5th Earl of ArundelHugh d'Aubigny, 5th Earl of ArundelHugh d'Aubigny, 5th Earl of Arundel was the last in the Aubigny male line to hold the Arundel Castle. He was the son of William d'Aubigny, 3rd Earl of Arundel, and younger brother of William d'Aubigny, 4th Earl of Arundel....
(d. 1243)
- John FitzAlan, de jure 6th Earl of ArundelJohn FitzAlan, 6th Earl of ArundelJohn FitzAlan , Lord of Oswestry and Clun, and de jure Earl of Arundel, was a Breton-English nobleman and Marcher Lord with lands in the Welsh Marches.-Family:...
(d. 1267) - John FitzAlan, de jure 7th Earl of ArundelJohn FitzAlan, 7th Earl of ArundelJohn FitzAlan, 7th Earl of Arundel was an English nobleman. He was also feudal Lord of Clun and Oswestry in the Welsh Marches.-Family:...
(d. 1272) - Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of ArundelRichard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of ArundelRichard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel was an English Norman medieval nobleman.- Lineage :...
(1267–1302) - Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of ArundelEdmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of ArundelEdmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel was an English nobleman prominent in the conflict between Edward II and his barons. His father, Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel, died in 1302 while Edmund was still a minor. He therefore became a ward of John de Warenne, Earl of Surrey, and married...
(1285–1326) (forfeit 1326) - Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of ArundelRichard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of ArundelRichard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel and 8th Earl of Surrey was an English nobleman and medieval military leader.- Lineage :...
(1313–1376) (restored 1331) - Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of ArundelRichard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of ArundelRichard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel and 9th Earl of Surrey KG was an English medieval nobleman and military commander.-Lineage:...
(1346–1397) (forfeit 1397) - Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of ArundelThomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of ArundelThomas Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel and 10th Earl of Surrey, KG was an English nobleman, one of the principals of the deposition of Richard II, and a major figure during the reign of Henry IV.-Lineage:...
(1381–1415) (restored 1400) - John FitzAlan, 13th Earl of ArundelJohn FitzAlan, 13th Earl of ArundelJohn FitzAlan, 13th Earl of Arundel, 3rd Baron Maltravers was an English nobleman.He was the son of John FitzAlan, 2nd Baron Arundel, and Elizabeth le Despenser, and became Baron Arundel on his father's death in 1390 and Baron Maltravers on his grandmother's death in 1405...
(1385–1421) - John FitzAlan, 14th Earl of ArundelJohn FitzAlan, 14th Earl of ArundelJohn FitzAlan, 14th Earl of Arundel, 4th Baron Maltravers KG was an English nobleman and military commander during the later phases of the Hundred Years' War...
(1408–1435) - Humphrey FitzAlan, 15th Earl of ArundelHumphrey FitzAlan, 15th Earl of ArundelHumphrey FitzAlan, 15th Earl of Arundel, 5th Baron Maltravers . This Earl of Arundel was short lived.He was a son of John FitzAlan, 14th Earl of Arundel and Maud Lovell. His father died on 12 June 1435, leaving 6-year-old Humphrey as the 15th Earl of Arundel. Humphrey died three years later, at age 9...
(1429–1438) - William FitzAlan, 16th Earl of ArundelWilliam FitzAlan, 16th Earl of ArundelWilliam FitzAlan, 16th Earl of Arundel, 6th Baron Maltravers .He was a son of John FitzAlan, 13th Earl of Arundel and Eleanor Berkeley...
(1417–1487) - Thomas FitzAlan, 17th Earl of ArundelThomas FitzAlan, 17th Earl of ArundelThomas FitzAlan, 17th Earl of Arundel, 7th Baron Maltravers was the son of William FitzAlan, 16th Earl of Arundel and Joan Neville, daughter of Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury and Alice Montagu. He married Margaret Wydeville , who was a younger sister of Queen Elizabeth...
(1450–1524) - William FitzAlan, 18th Earl of ArundelWilliam FitzAlan, 18th Earl of ArundelWilliam FitzAlan, 18th Earl of Arundel, 8th Baron Maltravers was an English peer, styled as Lord Maltravers from 1487 to 1524....
(1476–1544) - Henry FitzAlan, 19th Earl of ArundelHenry FitzAlan, 19th Earl of ArundelHenry FitzAlan, 19th Earl of Arundel was an English nobleman, who over his long life assumed a prominent place at the court of all the later Tudor sovereigns, probably the only person to do so.-Court career:...
(1512–1580)
- Philip Howard, 20th Earl of ArundelPhilip Howard, 20th Earl of ArundelSaint Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel was an English nobleman. He was canonised by Pope Paul VI in 1970, as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales...
(1557–1595) (forfeit 1589) - Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of ArundelThomas Howard, 21st Earl of ArundelThomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel KG, was a prominent English courtier during the reigns of King James I and King Charles I, but he made his name as a Grand Tourist and art collector rather than as a politician. When he died he possessed 700 paintings, along with large collections of sculpture,...
(1585–1646) (restored 1604) - Henry Howard, 22nd Earl of ArundelHenry Howard, 22nd Earl of ArundelHenry Frederick Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel, PC was an English noble and the second son of Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel and Lady Alethea Talbot, later 13th Baroness Furnivall...
(1608–1652) - Thomas Howard, 23rd Earl of ArundelThomas Howard, 5th Duke of NorfolkThomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk was an English noble.He was born to Henry Frederick Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel and Lady Elizabeth Stuart. The dukedom of Norfolk was recreated and given to him in 1660. The 5th Duke was considered mentally deficient and never married...
(1628–1677) (restored as 5th Duke of Norfolk in 1660)
Thereafter the Earldom of Arundel has been held by the Dukes of Norfolk. The 18th Duke of Norfolk
Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk
Edward William Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk, is the son of Miles Stapleton-Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk and his wife Anne Mary Teresa Constable-Maxwell. The principal seat of the Duke of Norfolk is Arundel Castle....
(16th Earl of Arundel of the 3rd creation) is the current holder.
- Thomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk, 23rd Earl of ArundelThomas Howard, 5th Duke of NorfolkThomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk was an English noble.He was born to Henry Frederick Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel and Lady Elizabeth Stuart. The dukedom of Norfolk was recreated and given to him in 1660. The 5th Duke was considered mentally deficient and never married...
(1628–1677) - Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk, 24th Earl of ArundelHenry Howard, 6th Duke of NorfolkHenry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk was the second son of Henry Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel and Lady Elizabeth Stuart. He succeeded his brother Thomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk after his death in 1677...
(1628–1684) - Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk, 25th Earl of ArundelHenry Howard, 7th Duke of NorfolkHenry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk, KG, PC, Earl Marshal was a politician and soldier. He was the son of Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk and Lady Anne Somerset, daughter of Edward Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Worcester and Elizabeth Dormer.He married Mary Mordaunt, the only daughter and heiress of...
(1655–1701) - Thomas Howard, 8th Duke of Norfolk, 26th Earl of ArundelThomas Howard, 8th Duke of NorfolkThomas Howard, 8th Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal was the son of Lord Thomas Howard and Mary Elizabeth Savile. Upon his uncle's death, he gained the title of 17th Baron Furnivall and 8th Duke of Norfolk...
(1683–1732) - Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk, 27th Earl of ArundelEdward Howard, 9th Duke of NorfolkEdward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal was a British peer. The son of Lord Thomas Howard and Mary Elizabeth Savile, he succeeded as Duke of Norfolk in 1732, after the death of his brother, Thomas Howard, 8th Duke of Norfolk.He married Mary Blount , daughter of Edward Blount and Anne...
(1685–1777) - Charles Howard, 10th Duke of Norfolk, 28th Earl of ArundelCharles Howard, 10th Duke of NorfolkCharles Howard, 10th Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal , the son of Henry Charles Howard and Mary Aylward . He married Catherine Brockholes , daughter of John Brockholes, on 8 November 1739...
(1720–1786) - Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk, 29th Earl of ArundelCharles Howard, 11th Duke of NorfolkCharles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk , styled Earl of Surrey from 1777 to 1786, was a British peer, the son of Charles Howard, 10th Duke of Norfolk and Catherine Brockholes....
(1746–1815) - Bernard Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk, 30th Earl of ArundelBernard Howard, 12th Duke of NorfolkBernard Edward Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk, KG, Earl Marshal was the son of Henry Howard , and Juliana Molyneux ....
(1765–1842) - Henry Howard, 13th Duke of Norfolk, 31st Earl of ArundelHenry Howard, 13th Duke of NorfolkHenry Charles Howard, 13th Duke of Norfolk, KG, PC , styled Earl of Surrey between 1815 and 1842, was a British Whig politician.-Background:...
(1791–1856) - Henry FitzAlan-Howard, 14th Duke of Norfolk, 32nd Earl of ArundelHenry Fitzalan-Howard, 14th Duke of NorfolkHenry Granville Fitzalan-Howard, 14th Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal, Chief Butler of England was the son of Henry Charles Howard, 13th Duke of Norfolk and Lady Charlotte Sophia Leveson-Gower...
(1815–1860) - Henry FitzAlan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk, 33rd Earl of ArundelHenry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of NorfolkHenry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk, , styled Baron Maltravers until 1856 and Earl of Arundel and Surrey between 1856 and 1860, was a British Unionist politician and philanthropist...
(1847–1917) - Bernard FitzAlan-Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk, 34th Earl of ArundelBernard Fitzalan-Howard, 16th Duke of NorfolkBernard Marmaduke Fitzalan-Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk, , styled Earl of Arundel and Surrey until 1917, was the eldest surviving son of Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk, who died when Bernard was only 9 years old...
(1908–1975) - Miles Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk, 35th Earl of ArundelMiles Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of NorfolkMajor-General Miles Francis Stapleton Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk, , was the eldest son of Bernard Fitzalan-Howard, 3rd Baron Howard of Glossop and his wife Mona Stapleton, 11th Baroness Beaumont....
(1915–2002) - Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk, 36th Earl of ArundelEdward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of NorfolkEdward William Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk, is the son of Miles Stapleton-Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk and his wife Anne Mary Teresa Constable-Maxwell. The principal seat of the Duke of Norfolk is Arundel Castle....
(b. 1956)
The heir apparent is Henry Fitzalan-Howard, Earl of Arundel (b. 1987).