Diego Duarte
Encyclopedia
Diego Duarte or Jacob Duarte (1612 - 1691) was a 17th-century Portuguese jeweler, banker, composer, organist and art collector living in Antwerp, who owned paintings by Jan Vermeer, Raphael
and others.
. Gaspar was the son of Diego Duarte I, and was born in 1584 in Antwerp. He later became the consul
of Portugal in Antwerp. In 1635, Diego was appointed "jeweller in ordinary" by Charles I of England
, but he returned to Antwerp in 1642. He received a part of the art collection of his father on his death in 1653, and continued collecting throughout his life. Part of his collection was sold in Amsterdam in 1682. Diego had a long correspondence and friendship with Constantijn Huygens, Jr.
. The house of the Duarte's in Antwerp was called the Antwerp Parnassus, a meeting place for intellectuals to enjoy art and music. William III of England
repeatedly stayed at the house between 1674 and 1678. Diego's brother Gaspar Duarte II was an art collector as well, his sister Leonora
was a composer, and his other sister Francisca was known as the Nightingale of Antwerp for her singing voice, and was a friend of Maria Tesselschade Visscher
and immortalised in a poem by Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft
. After the childless death of Diego Duarte in 1691, no Duartes remained in Antwerp.
Some 200 paintings of Diego's collection were inherited by his nephew Manuel Levy Duarte. Most were sold between 1693 and 1696.
Raphael
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino , better known simply as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur...
and others.
Biography
Diego Duarte was born in Antwerp in 1610 as the son of Gaspar Duarte I, a Christian diamond and art dealer of Jewish descent in Antwerp, who was befriended with e.g. Constantijn HuygensConstantijn Huygens
Constantijn Huygens , was a Dutch Golden Age poet and composer. He was secretary to two Princes of Orange: Frederick Henry and William II, and the father of the scientist Christiaan Huygens.-Biography:...
. Gaspar was the son of Diego Duarte I, and was born in 1584 in Antwerp. He later became the consul
Consul (representative)
The political title Consul is used for the official representatives of the government of one state in the territory of another, normally acting to assist and protect the citizens of the consul's own country, and to facilitate trade and friendship between the peoples of the two countries...
of Portugal in Antwerp. In 1635, Diego was appointed "jeweller in ordinary" by Charles I of England
Charles I of England
Charles I was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England, attempting to obtain royal revenue whilst Parliament sought to curb his Royal prerogative which Charles...
, but he returned to Antwerp in 1642. He received a part of the art collection of his father on his death in 1653, and continued collecting throughout his life. Part of his collection was sold in Amsterdam in 1682. Diego had a long correspondence and friendship with Constantijn Huygens, Jr.
Constantijn Huygens, Jr.
Constantijn Huygens Jr. was a Dutch statesman also known for his work on scientific instruments and as a chronicler of his times...
. The house of the Duarte's in Antwerp was called the Antwerp Parnassus, a meeting place for intellectuals to enjoy art and music. William III of England
William III of England
William III & II was a sovereign Prince of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau by birth. From 1672 he governed as Stadtholder William III of Orange over Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel of the Dutch Republic. From 1689 he reigned as William III over England and Ireland...
repeatedly stayed at the house between 1674 and 1678. Diego's brother Gaspar Duarte II was an art collector as well, his sister Leonora
Leonora Duarte
Leonora Duarte was a Flemish composer and musician, born in Antwerp. She belonged to a wealthy Portuguese-Jewish family. They were marrano, meaning they outwardly acted as Catholics while secretly maintaining their Jewish faith and practices...
was a composer, and his other sister Francisca was known as the Nightingale of Antwerp for her singing voice, and was a friend of Maria Tesselschade Visscher
Maria Tesselschade Visscher
Maria Tesselschade Roemers Visscher, also called Maria Tesselschade Roemersdochter Visscher or Tesselschade was a Dutch poet and engraver.-Life:...
and immortalised in a poem by Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft
Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft
Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft - Knight in the Order of Saint Michael - was a Dutch historian, poet and playwright from the period known as the Dutch Golden Age.-Life:...
. After the childless death of Diego Duarte in 1691, no Duartes remained in Antwerp.
Some 200 paintings of Diego's collection were inherited by his nephew Manuel Levy Duarte. Most were sold between 1693 and 1696.
Collection
This incomplete list is based on the inventory of 1682, and uses the attributions given therein for what they're worth.- Jacob Adriaensz BackerJacob Adriaensz BackerJacob Adriaensz Backer was a Dutch Golden Age painter. He produced about 140 paintings in twenty years. In his style he was influenced by Wybrand de Geest, Rubens and Abraham Bloemaert. Also his drawings are highly interesting and skillful...
, Last Judgment - Jacopo BassanoJacopo BassanoJacopo Bassano , known also as Jacopo dal Ponte, was an Italian painter who was born and died in Bassano del Grappa near Venice, from which he adopted the name.- Life :...
, 1 piece - Theodoor BoeyermansTheodoor BoeyermansTheodoor Boeyermans was a Flemish Baroque painter from Antwerp who painted classicizing works informed by the tradition of Peter Paul Rubens. In addition he made numerous altarpieces for Flemish churches, group portraits, and allegories. Boeyermans's work also shares a close affinity with his...
, 7 pieces - Paris BordoneParis BordoneParis Bordon was an Italian painter of the Venetian Renaissance who, despite training with Titian, maintained a strand of mannerist complexity and provincial vigor.-Biography:...
, 1 piece - Paul BrillPaul and Mattheus BrillPaul and Matthijs Bril were brothers, both born in Antwerp, who were landscape painters who worked in Rome after earning papal favor.-Biography:...
, a Pan and 2 other pieces - Adriaen BrouwerAdriaen BrouwerAdriaen Brouwer was a Flemish genre painter active in Flanders and the Dutch Republic in the seventeenth century.-Biography:...
, 3 pieces - Jan Brueghel the ElderJan Brueghel the ElderJan Brueghel the Elder was a Flemish painter, son of Pieter Bruegel the Elder and father of Jan Brueghel the Younger. Nicknamed "Velvet" Brueghel, "Flower" Brueghel, and "Paradise" Brueghel, of which the latter two were derived from his floral still lifes which were his favored subjects, while the...
, 14 pieces - Pieter Bruegel the Elder, a version of The Peasant WeddingThe Peasant WeddingThe Peasant Wedding is a 1567 painting by the Flemish Renaissance painter and printmaker Pieter Brueghel the Elder, one of his many depicting peasant life. It is currently housed in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.-Scene:...
, a Peasant Dance, and a Flight To Egypt - CaravaggioCaravaggioMichelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio was an Italian artist active in Rome, Naples, Malta, and Sicily between 1593 and 1610. His paintings, which combine a realistic observation of the human state, both physical and emotional, with a dramatic use of lighting, had a formative influence on the Baroque...
, 1 piece - Michiel Coxie, a Maria
- Jan Davidsz. de Heem, 3 pieces
- Gerrit Dou, 2 pieces
- Adam ElsheimerAdam ElsheimerAdam Elsheimer was a German artist working in Rome who died at only thirty-two, but was very influential in the early 17th century. His relatively few paintings were small scale, nearly all painted on copper plates, of the type often known as cabinet paintings. They include a variety of light...
, 3 pieces - Jan FytJan FytJan Fyt was a Flemish Baroque animal painter and etcher.-Life:...
, 3 pieces - GiorgioneGiorgioneGiorgione was a Venetian painter of the High Renaissance in Venice, whose career was cut off by his death at a little over thirty. Giorgione is known for the elusive poetic quality of his work, though only about six surviving paintings are acknowledged for certain to be his work...
, 3 pieces - Hans Holbein the YoungerHans Holbein the YoungerHans Holbein the Younger was a German artist and printmaker who worked in a Northern Renaissance style. He is best known as one of the greatest portraitists of the 16th century. He also produced religious art, satire and Reformation propaganda, and made a significant contribution to the history...
, 1 piece - Jan MabuseJan MabuseJan Mabuse was the name adopted by the Flemish painter Jan Gossaert; or Jennyn van Hennegouwe , as he called himself when he matriculated in the guild of St Luke, at Antwerp, in 1503.-Biography:Little is known of his early life...
, Portrait of a Praying Man and a portrait of Henry VIII of EnglandHenry VIII of EnglandHenry VIII was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was Lord, and later King, of Ireland, as well as continuing the nominal claim by the English monarchs to the Kingdom of France...
and his sisters as children - Quentin MatsysQuentin MatsysQuentin Matsys was a painter in the Flemish tradition and a founder of the Antwerp school. He was born at Leuven, where legend states he was trained as an ironsmith before becoming a painter...
, 4 pieces - Antonis Mor, Self Portrait as the Apostle Paul and five other paintings
- Palma VecchioPalma VecchioPalma Vecchio , born Jacopo Palma or known as Jacopo Negretti, was an Italian painter of the Venetian school born at Serina Alta near Bergamo...
, 2 pieces - ParmigianinoParmigianinoGirolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola , also known as Francesco Mazzola or more commonly as Parmigianino or sometimes "Parmigiano", was an Italian Mannerist painter and printmaker active in Florence, Rome, Bologna, and his native city of Parma...
, 4 pieces - Jan PorcellisJan PorcellisJan Porcellis was a Dutch marine artist.Porcellis was born in Ghent. He was the father of the marine artist Julius Porcellis , and is generally agreed to be the more fluent artist, particularly in his sense of space and his tonal palette...
or Julius PorcellisJulius PorcellisJulius Porcellis was a Dutch marine artist. He was the son of the marine artist Jan Porcellis, and a follower of him in artistic terms - their choice of subjects was similar and their signature monogram the same, but Julius's palette Julius Porcellis (1610/1619, Rotterdam - buried 30 September...
, 3 pieces - RaphaelRaphaelRaffaello Sanzio da Urbino , better known simply as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur...
: Holy Family with Anne (this was judged to be the most valuable painting in the 1682 inventory of Duarte's collection), Sacrifice of Elijah and Vision of Ezekiel - Guido ReniGuido ReniGuido Reni was an Italian painter of high-Baroque style.-Biography:Born in Bologna into a family of musicians, Guido Reni was the son of Daniele Reni and Ginevra de’ Pozzi. As a child of nine, he was apprenticed under the Bolognese studio of Denis Calvaert. Soon after, he was joined in that...
, 1 piece - Jusepe de Ribera, 1 piece
- Hans RottenhammerHans RottenhammerJohann Rottenhammer, or Hans Rottenhammer, was a German painter. He specialized in highly finished paintings on a small scale.-Biography:He was born in Munich, where he studied until 1588 under Hans Donauer the Elder...
, 4 pieces: one in collaboration with Paul Brill, two with Jan Brueghel the Elder - Peter Paul Rubens, Opportunity (an important but lost work, known from a few copies), The Prodigal Son (now at the Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp), 4 other pieces, and two oil sketches
- Rubens and Jan Brueghel the Elder, Battle of the Amazons, now in SanssouciSanssouciSanssouci is the name of the former summer palace of Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, in Potsdam, near Berlin. It is often counted among the German rivals of Versailles. While Sanssouci is in the more intimate Rococo style and is far smaller than its French Baroque counterpart, it too is...
- Rubens and Frans Snyders, Silenus
- Rubens and Jan BoeckhorstJan BoeckhorstJan Boeckhorst , was a German-born Flemish Baroque painter whose style was heavily influenced by Peter Paul Rubens, Anthony van Dyck and Jacob Jordaens.-Biography:...
, 2 paintings - Andrea del SartoAndrea del SartoAndrea del Sarto was an Italian painter from Florence, whose career flourished during the High Renaissance and early Mannerism. Though highly regarded during his lifetime as an artist senza errori , his renown was eclipsed after his death by that of his contemporaries, Leonardo da Vinci,...
, Anna selbdrittAnna selbdrittAnna selbdritt, The Virgin and Child with St. Anne - is a subject in Christian art, showing Saint Anne with her daughter, the Virgin Mary, and her grandson Jesus. This type has been quite popular in Germany from the 14th century.-See also:...
, two other paintings, and two sketches - David Teniers the YoungerDavid Teniers the YoungerDavid Teniers the Younger was a Flemish artist born in Antwerp, the son of David Teniers the Elder. His son David Teniers III and his grandson David Teniers IV were also painters...
, Peasant Kermis - TintorettoTintorettoTintoretto , real name Jacopo Comin, was a Venetian painter and a notable exponent of the Renaissance school. For his phenomenal energy in painting he was termed Il Furioso...
, 2 pieces - TitianTitianTiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio (c. 1488/1490 – 27 August 1576 better known as Titian was an Italian painter, the most important member of the 16th-century Venetian school. He was born in Pieve di Cadore, near...
, a Mary Magdalen and four other works - Jan van Dalen, 2 pieces showing a male and female pilgrim
- Anthony Van DyckAnthony van DyckSir Anthony van Dyck was a Flemish Baroque artist who became the leading court painter in England. He is most famous for his portraits of Charles I of England and his family and court, painted with a relaxed elegance that was to be the dominant influence on English portrait-painting for the next...
, twelve paintings - Jan van EyckJan van EyckJan van Eyck was a Flemish painter active in Bruges and considered one of the best Northern European painters of the 15th century....
, a King of the MoorsMoorsThe description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of the Maghreb region who are predominately of Berber and Arab descent. They came to conquer and rule the Iberian Peninsula for nearly 800 years. At that time they were Muslim, although earlier the people had followed... - Lucas van LeydenLucas van LeydenLucas van Leyden , also named either Lucas Hugensz or Lucas Jacobsz, was a Dutch engraver and painter, born and mainly active in Leiden...
, a Maria - Frans van Mieris the Elder, The Serenade and 1 other piece
- Cornelius van PoelenburghCornelius van PoelenburghCornelis van Poelenburgh, was a Dutch Golden Age landscape painter.-Biography:Though his birthplace is unknown, a signed document survives in Utrecht where he is listed as six years old and the son of Simon van Poelenburch, a Catholic canon in Utrecht. He initially trained with Abraham Bloemaert,...
, 4 pieces - Hendrik van Steenwijk IIHendrik van Steenwijk IIHendrik van Steenwijck II was a Baroque painter mostly of architectural interiors, but also of biblical scenes and still lifes....
and other members of his family, 3 pieces - Nicolaes van VerendaelNicolaes van VerendaelNicolaes van Verendael was a Flemish painter of vases with flowers.He became a member of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1657. He didn't paint lots of pictures and lived modestly.-External links:...
, 3 pieces - Jan Vermeer, Lady Standing at a VirginalLady Standing at a VirginalLady Standing at a Virginal is a genre painting created by Dutch artist Johannes Vermeer in about 1670-1672 and now in the National Gallery, London....
or Lady Seated at a VirginalLady Seated at a VirginalLady Seated at a Virginal, also known as Young Woman Seated at a Virginal, is a genre painting created by Dutch artist Johannes Vermeer in about 1670-1672 and now in the National Gallery, London....
(the other was owned at the same time by Jacob DissiusJacob DissiusJacob Abrahamsz. Dissius was a Dutch typographer and printer. He is most notable as an art collector and for his links to Johannes Vermeer - his collection included 21 Vermeer works and in 1680 he married Madgdalene, daughter...
) - Wouwerman (unsure which of the three brothers), 8 pieces
Further reading
- Johannes Gouw, Catalogus der Schilderijen van Diego Duarte, te Amsterdam in 1682, in De Oude Tijd Vol. 2, 1870http://books.google.com/books?id=98HWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA397&dq=%22Diego+Duarte%22&hl=en&ei=8ABuTvyHFsPtOYLVxcwF&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBjgU#v=onepage&q=%22Duarte%22&f=false
- H. G. Dogaer, De inventaris der schilderijen van Diego Duarte, in Jaarboek van het Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten Antwerpen pages 195-221, 1971
- Edgar R. Samuel, The disposal of Diego Duarte's Stock of Paintings, in Jaarboek van het Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten Antwerpen pages 305-324, 1976
- Entry in the Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek
- Timothy de Paepe, Diego Duarte ii (1612–1691): a converso’s experience in seventeenth-century Antwerp, in Jewish History Volume 24 (2010), Number 2, pages 169-193http://www.springerlink.com/content/v210w712687x9051/