Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane
Encyclopedia
Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) is an organochlorine
insecticide
that is slightly irritating to the skin. DDD is a metabolite
of DDT
. DDD is colorless and crystalline; it is closely related chemically and is similar in properties to DDT, but it is considered to be less toxic to animals than is DDT. The molecular formula for DDD is (ClC6H4)2CHCHCl2 or C14H10Cl4, whereas the formula for DDT is (ClC6H4)2CHCCl3 or C14H9Cl5.
DDD is in the “Group B2” classification, meaning that it is a probable human
carcinogen
. This is based on an increased incidence of lung tumors
in male and female mice
, liver tumors
in male mice, and thyroid tumors
in male rat
s. Further basis is that DDD is so similar to and is a metabolite of DDT, another probable human carcinogen.
DDD is no longer registered for agricultural use in the United States
, but the general population continues to be exposed to it due to its long persistence time. The primary source of exposure is oral ingestion of food.
1946 is the date of the earliest recorded use in English of the abbreviation “DDD” to stand for dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane, as far as could be determined.
Organochloride
An organochloride, organochlorine, chlorocarbon, chlorinated hydrocarbon, or chlorinated solvent is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded chlorine atom. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of applications...
insecticide
Insecticide
An insecticide is a pesticide used against insects. They include ovicides and larvicides used against the eggs and larvae of insects respectively. Insecticides are used in agriculture, medicine, industry and the household. The use of insecticides is believed to be one of the major factors behind...
that is slightly irritating to the skin. DDD is a metabolite
Metabolomics
Metabolomics is the scientific study of chemical processes involving metabolites. Specifically, metabolomics is the "systematic study of the unique chemical fingerprints that specific cellular processes leave behind", the study of their small-molecule metabolite profiles...
of DDT
DDT
DDT is one of the most well-known synthetic insecticides. It is a chemical with a long, unique, and controversial history....
. DDD is colorless and crystalline; it is closely related chemically and is similar in properties to DDT, but it is considered to be less toxic to animals than is DDT. The molecular formula for DDD is (ClC6H4)2CHCHCl2 or C14H10Cl4, whereas the formula for DDT is (ClC6H4)2CHCCl3 or C14H9Cl5.
DDD is in the “Group B2” classification, meaning that it is a probable human
Human
Humans are the only living species in the Homo genus...
carcinogen
Carcinogen
A carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide, or radiation that is an agent directly involved in causing cancer. This may be due to the ability to damage the genome or to the disruption of cellular metabolic processes...
. This is based on an increased incidence of lung tumors
Lung cancer
Lung cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. If left untreated, this growth can spread beyond the lung in a process called metastasis into nearby tissue and, eventually, into other parts of the body. Most cancers that start in lung, known as primary...
in male and female mice
Mouse
A mouse is a small mammal belonging to the order of rodents. The best known mouse species is the common house mouse . It is also a popular pet. In some places, certain kinds of field mice are also common. This rodent is eaten by large birds such as hawks and eagles...
, liver tumors
Liver cancer
Liver tumors or hepatic tumors are tumors or growths on or in the liver . Several distinct types of tumors can develop in the liver because the liver is made up of various cell types. These growths can be benign or malignant...
in male mice, and thyroid tumors
Thyroid cancer
Thyroid neoplasm is a neoplasm or tumor of the thyroid. It can be a benign tumor such as thyroid adenoma, or it can be a malignant neoplasm , such as papillary, follicular, medullary or anaplastic thyroid cancer. Most patients are 25 to 65 years of age when first diagnosed; women are more affected...
in male rat
Rat
Rats are various medium-sized, long-tailed rodents of the superfamily Muroidea. "True rats" are members of the genus Rattus, the most important of which to humans are the black rat, Rattus rattus, and the brown rat, Rattus norvegicus...
s. Further basis is that DDD is so similar to and is a metabolite of DDT, another probable human carcinogen.
DDD is no longer registered for agricultural use in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, but the general population continues to be exposed to it due to its long persistence time. The primary source of exposure is oral ingestion of food.
1946 is the date of the earliest recorded use in English of the abbreviation “DDD” to stand for dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane, as far as could be determined.
Table of names
The following are synonyms for DDD:| Systematic Names Systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection... |
Superlist Names | Other Names |
|---|---|---|
| Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2-dichloroethylidene)bis(4-chloro- (9CI) | 4,4'-DDD | 1,1'-(2,2-Dichloroethylidene)bis(4-chlorobenzene) |
| Ethane, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)- | Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2-dichloroethylidene)bis(4-chloro- | 1,1-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethane |
| TDE | DDD | 1,1-Bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethane |
| p,p'-TDE | DDD, p,p'- | 1,1-Dichloor-2,2-bis(4-chloor fenyl)-ethaan (Dutch Dutch language Dutch is a West Germanic language and the native language of the majority of the population of the Netherlands, Belgium, and Suriname, the three member states of the Dutch Language Union. Most speakers live in the European Union, where it is a first language for about 23 million and a second... ) |
| Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane | 1,1-Dichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlor-phenyl)-aethan (German German language German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union.... ) |
|
| RCRA waste number U060 | 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-ethane (French French language French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts... ) |
|
| TDE | 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane | |
| Tetrachlorodiphenylethane | 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane | |
| p,p'-TDE | 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(parachlorophenyl)ethane | |
| 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-di(4-chlorophenyl)ethane | ||
| 1,1-Dicloro-2,2-bis(4-cloro-fenil)-etano (Italian Italian language Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia... ) |
||
| 2,2-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane | ||
| 2,2-Bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane | ||
| 4,4' DDD | ||
| 4,4-DDD | ||
| 4,4'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane | ||
| 4-05-00-01884 (Beilstein Handbook Reference Beilstein database The Beilstein database is the largest database in the field of organic chemistry, in which compounds are uniquely identified by their Beilstein Registry Number. The database covers the scientific literature from 1771 to the present and contains experimentally validated information on millions of... ) |
||
| AI3-04225 | ||
| Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2-dichloroethylidene)bis[4-chloro- | ||
| BRN 1914072 | ||
| CCRIS 573 | ||
| Caswell No. 307 | ||
| DDD analogue | ||
| DDD in whole water sample | ||
| Dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane | ||
| Dichlorodiphenyldichlorethane | ||
| Dilene | ||
| EINECS 200-783-0 | ||
| ENT 4,225 | ||
| EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is an agency of the federal government of the United States charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress... Pesticide Chemical Code 029101 |
||
| Ethane, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)- | ||
| HEPT | ||
| HSDB 285 | ||
| ME-1700 | ||
| Me-700 | ||
| NCI-C00475 | ||
| NSC 8941 | ||
| OMS 1078 | ||
| para-para DDD | ||
| para,para'-DDD | ||
| para,para'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane | ||
| p,p-DDD | ||
| p,p'-DDD | ||
| p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyl-2,2-dichloroethylene | ||
| p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane | ||
| Rhothane | ||
| Rhothane D-3 | ||
| Rothane | ||
| Rothane WP-50 |
External links
- TOXMAP Chemical Page for DDD
- MSDS for rhothane (DDD) provided by the Physical and Theoretical Chemistry LaboratoryPhysical and Theoretical Chemistry LaboratoryThe Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory is a major chemistry laboratory at the University of Oxford, England. It is located in main Science Area of the University on South Parks Road...
of the University of OxfordUniversity of OxfordThe University of Oxford is a university located in Oxford, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest surviving university in the world and the oldest in the English-speaking world. Although its exact date of foundation is unclear, there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096...