Delia Derbyshire
Encyclopedia
Delia Ann Derbyshire
was an English
musician
and composer
of electronic music
and musique concrète
. She is best known for her electronic realisation of Ron Grainer
's theme music
to the British science fiction
television
series Doctor Who
and for her work with the BBC Radiophonic Workshop
.
, daughter of Emma ("Emmie", née Dawson) and Edward ("Ted") Derbyshire of Cedars Avenue, Coundon, Coventry, a sheet-metal worker. She had only one sibling, a sister, who died young, while her father died in 1965 and her mother in 1994.
During the Second World War, immediately after the Coventry Blitz
in 1940, she was moved to Preston, Lancashire for safety, where her parents had moved from and where most of her surviving relatives still live.
She was very bright and, by the age of four, was teaching others in her class to read and write in primary school, but said "The radio was my education".
Her parents bought her a piano when she was eight years old.
Educated at Barr's Hill Grammar School from 1948 to 1956, she was accepted at both Oxford and Cambridge, "quite something for a working class girl in the 'fifties, where only one in 10 (students) were female", won a scholarship to study mathematics at Girton College, Cambridge
but, apart from some success in the mathematical theory of electricity, she claims she did badly and after one year switched to music, graduating in 1959 with an MA in Mathematics and Music and specialising in medieval and modern music history. Her other principal qualification was LRAM
in pianoforte.
She approached the careers office at the University and told them she was interested in "sound, music and acoustics, to which they recommended a career in either deaf aids or depth sounding". Then she applied for a position at Decca Records
only to be told that the company did not employ women in their recording studios.
Instead she took positions at the UN
in Geneva
, from June to September, teaching piano to the children of the British Consul-General and mathematics to the children of Canadian and South American diplomats, then from September to December as Assistant to Gerald G. Gross, Head of Plenipotentiary and General Administrative Radio Conferences at the International Telecommunications Union.
She then returned to Coventry
and from January to April 1960 taught general subjects in a primary school there, then to London
where from May to October she was an Assistant in the Promotion Dept of music publishers Boosey & Hawkes
.
She then heard about the Radiophonic workshop and decided that was where she wanted to go. This was received with some puzzlement by the heads in Central Programme Operation because people were usually "assigned" to the Radiophonic Workshop, and in April 1962 she was indeed assigned to the BBC Radiophonic Workshop in Maida Vale, where for eleven years she would create music and sound for almost 200 radio and television programmes.
In August 1962 she assisted composer Luciano Berio
at a two-week Summer School at Dartington Hall, for which she borrowed several dozen items of equipment from the BBC.
One of her first works, and the most widely known, was her 1962 electronic realization of a score by Ron Grainer
for the theme tune of the Doctor Who series
, one of the first television themes to be created and produced by entirely electronic means.
When Grainer first heard it, he was so amazed by her rendering of his theme that he asked "Did I really write this?" to which Derbyshire replied "Most of it".
He attempted to get her a co-composer credit but the attempt was prevented by the BBC
bureaucracy, who then preferred to keep the members of the Workshop anonymous.
The theme was reworked over the years, to her horror, and the version that had her "stamp of approval" is her original one.
In 1964-5 she collaborated with the British artist and playwright Barry Bermange for the BBC's Third Programme to produce four Inventions for Radio, a collage of people describing their dreams, set to a background of electronic sound..
and EMS
founder Peter Zinovieff
set up Unit Delta Plus, an organisation which they intended to use to create and promote electronic music. Based in a studio in Zinovieff's townhouse at 49 Deodar Road in Putney
, they exhibited their music at a few experimental and electronic music festivals, including the 1966 The Million Volt Light and Sound Rave at which The Beatles
' "Carnival of Light
" had its only public playing.
In 1966, she recorded a demo with Anthony Newley
entitled "Moogies Bloogies", although as Anthony Newley moved to the United States, the song was never released.
After a troubled performance at the Royal College of Art
, in 1967, the unit disbanded.
with fellow electronic musician David Vorhaus. The studio produced electronic music for various London theatres and, in 1968, the three used it to produce their first album as the band White Noise
. Although later albums were essentially solo Vorhaus albums, the début, An Electric Storm
featured collaborations with Derbyshire and Hodgson and is now considered an important and influential album in the development of electronic music, prefiguring the sound of Stereolab
or Broadcast
by 20 years.
The trio, using pseudonyms, also contributed to the Standard Music Library. Many of these recordings, including compositions by Delia using the name "Li De la Russe" (from an anagram-esque use of the letters in "Delia" and a reference to her auburn hair), were later used on the seventies ITV
science fiction rivals to Doctor Who; The Tomorrow People
and Timeslip
.
In 1967, she assisted Guy Woolfenden
with his electronic score for Peter Hall's production of Macbeth
with the Royal Shakespeare Company
. The pair also contributed the music to Hall's 1968 film Work Is a Four-Letter Word
.
Her other work during this period included taking part in a performance of electronic music at The Roundhouse
, which also featured work by Paul McCartney
, the sound-track for the Yoko Ono
film,
the score for an ICI-sponsored student fashion show and the sounds for Anthony Roland's award-winning film of Pamela Bone's photography, entitled Circle of Light.
, stopped composing music.
In late 1974 she married David Hunter from Haltwhistle in
Northumberland, the labourer son of a striking miner in an attempt to gain social acceptance; the relationship was brief and disastrous although she never divorced. She also frequented the gallery space of Chinese artist Li Yuan-chia
at his stone farmhouse in Cumbria.
In 1978 she returned to London and met her life-partner, Clive Blackburn and in January 1980 she bought a house in Northampton where, in May of that year, Clive joined her and gave her stability.
She returned to music in the late nineties after having her interest renewed by fellow electronic musician Peter Kember
and was working on an album when she died aged 64 of renal failure
whilst recovering from breast cancer
.
of the BBC and in 2006 were given on permanent loan to David Butler of Manchester University. While almost all were digitised in 2006, none have yet been published.
was an English
English people
The English are a nation and ethnic group native to England, who speak English. The English identity is of early mediaeval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Anglecynn. England is now a country of the United Kingdom, and the majority of English people in England are British Citizens...
musician
Musician
A musician is an artist who plays a musical instrument. It may or may not be the person's profession. Musicians can be classified by their roles in performing music and writing music.Also....* A person who makes music a profession....
and composer
Composer
A composer is a person who creates music, either by musical notation or oral tradition, for interpretation and performance, or through direct manipulation of sonic material through electronic media...
of electronic music
Electronic music
Electronic music is music that employs electronic musical instruments and electronic music technology in its production. In general a distinction can be made between sound produced using electromechanical means and that produced using electronic technology. Examples of electromechanical sound...
and musique concrète
Musique concrète
Musique concrète is a form of electroacoustic music that utilises acousmatic sound as a compositional resource. The compositional material is not restricted to the inclusion of sounds derived from musical instruments or voices, nor to elements traditionally thought of as "musical"...
. She is best known for her electronic realisation of Ron Grainer
Ron Grainer
Ronald Erle “Ron” Grainer was an Australian-born composer who worked for most of his professional career in the United Kingdom. He is mostly remembered for his film and television music.- Biography :...
's theme music
Doctor Who theme music
The Doctor Who theme is a piece of music composed by Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. Created in 1963, it was one of the first electronic music signature tunes for television and after nearly five decades remains one of the most easily...
to the British science fiction
Science fiction
Science fiction is a genre of fiction dealing with imaginary but more or less plausible content such as future settings, futuristic science and technology, space travel, aliens, and paranormal abilities...
television
Television
Television is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be monochrome or colored, with accompanying sound...
series Doctor Who
Doctor Who
Doctor Who is a British science fiction television programme produced by the BBC. The programme depicts the adventures of a time-travelling humanoid alien known as the Doctor who explores the universe in a sentient time machine called the TARDIS that flies through time and space, whose exterior...
and for her work with the BBC Radiophonic Workshop
BBC Radiophonic Workshop
The BBC Radiophonic Workshop, one of the sound effects units of the BBC, was created in 1958 to produce effects and new music for radio, and was closed in March 1998, although much of its traditional work had already been outsourced by 1995. It was based in the BBC's Maida Vale Studios in Delaware...
.
Early life
Derbyshire was born in CoventryCoventry
Coventry is a city and metropolitan borough in the county of West Midlands in England. Coventry is the 9th largest city in England and the 11th largest in the United Kingdom. It is also the second largest city in the English Midlands, after Birmingham, with a population of 300,848, although...
, daughter of Emma ("Emmie", née Dawson) and Edward ("Ted") Derbyshire of Cedars Avenue, Coundon, Coventry, a sheet-metal worker. She had only one sibling, a sister, who died young, while her father died in 1965 and her mother in 1994.
During the Second World War, immediately after the Coventry Blitz
Coventry Blitz
The Coventry blitz was a series of bombing raids that took place in the English city of Coventry. The city was bombed many times during the Second World War by the German Air Force...
in 1940, she was moved to Preston, Lancashire for safety, where her parents had moved from and where most of her surviving relatives still live.
She was very bright and, by the age of four, was teaching others in her class to read and write in primary school, but said "The radio was my education".
Her parents bought her a piano when she was eight years old.
Educated at Barr's Hill Grammar School from 1948 to 1956, she was accepted at both Oxford and Cambridge, "quite something for a working class girl in the 'fifties, where only one in 10 (students) were female", won a scholarship to study mathematics at Girton College, Cambridge
Girton College, Cambridge
Girton College is one of the 31 constituent colleges of the University of Cambridge. It was England's first residential women's college, established in 1869 by Emily Davies and Barbara Bodichon. The full college status was only received in 1948 and marked the official admittance of women to the...
but, apart from some success in the mathematical theory of electricity, she claims she did badly and after one year switched to music, graduating in 1959 with an MA in Mathematics and Music and specialising in medieval and modern music history. Her other principal qualification was LRAM
LRAM
LRAM is an abbreviation for Licentiate of the Royal Academy of Music. This professional diploma was formerly open to both internal students of the Royal Academy of Music and external candidates in voice, keyboard and orchestral instruments and guitar, as well as conducting and other musical...
in pianoforte.
She approached the careers office at the University and told them she was interested in "sound, music and acoustics, to which they recommended a career in either deaf aids or depth sounding". Then she applied for a position at Decca Records
Decca Records
Decca Records began as a British record label established in 1929 by Edward Lewis. Its U.S. label was established in late 1934; however, owing to World War II, the link with the British company was broken for several decades....
only to be told that the company did not employ women in their recording studios.
Instead she took positions at the UN
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
in Geneva
Geneva
Geneva In the national languages of Switzerland the city is known as Genf , Ginevra and Genevra is the second-most-populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandie, the French-speaking part of Switzerland...
, from June to September, teaching piano to the children of the British Consul-General and mathematics to the children of Canadian and South American diplomats, then from September to December as Assistant to Gerald G. Gross, Head of Plenipotentiary and General Administrative Radio Conferences at the International Telecommunications Union.
She then returned to Coventry
Coventry
Coventry is a city and metropolitan borough in the county of West Midlands in England. Coventry is the 9th largest city in England and the 11th largest in the United Kingdom. It is also the second largest city in the English Midlands, after Birmingham, with a population of 300,848, although...
and from January to April 1960 taught general subjects in a primary school there, then to London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
where from May to October she was an Assistant in the Promotion Dept of music publishers Boosey & Hawkes
Boosey & Hawkes
Boosey & Hawkes is a British music publisher purported to be the largest specialist classical music publisher in the world. Until 2003, it was also a major manufacturer of brass, string and wind musical instruments....
.
BBC Radiophonic Workshop
In November 1960 she joined the BBC as a Trainee Assistant Studio Manager and worked on Record Review, a magazine programme where critics reviewed music. She said: "Some people thought I had a kind of second sight. One of the music critics would say "I don't know where it is, but it's where the trombones come in" and I'd hold it up to the light and see the trombones and put the needle down exactly where it was. And they thought it was magic."She then heard about the Radiophonic workshop and decided that was where she wanted to go. This was received with some puzzlement by the heads in Central Programme Operation because people were usually "assigned" to the Radiophonic Workshop, and in April 1962 she was indeed assigned to the BBC Radiophonic Workshop in Maida Vale, where for eleven years she would create music and sound for almost 200 radio and television programmes.
In August 1962 she assisted composer Luciano Berio
Luciano Berio
Luciano Berio, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI was an Italian composer. He is noted for his experimental work and also for his pioneering work in electronic music.-Biography:Berio was born at Oneglia Luciano Berio, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI (October 24, 1925 – May 27, 2003) was an Italian...
at a two-week Summer School at Dartington Hall, for which she borrowed several dozen items of equipment from the BBC.
One of her first works, and the most widely known, was her 1962 electronic realization of a score by Ron Grainer
Ron Grainer
Ronald Erle “Ron” Grainer was an Australian-born composer who worked for most of his professional career in the United Kingdom. He is mostly remembered for his film and television music.- Biography :...
for the theme tune of the Doctor Who series
Doctor Who theme music
The Doctor Who theme is a piece of music composed by Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. Created in 1963, it was one of the first electronic music signature tunes for television and after nearly five decades remains one of the most easily...
, one of the first television themes to be created and produced by entirely electronic means.
When Grainer first heard it, he was so amazed by her rendering of his theme that he asked "Did I really write this?" to which Derbyshire replied "Most of it".
He attempted to get her a co-composer credit but the attempt was prevented by the BBC
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. Its headquarters is at Broadcasting House in the City of Westminster, London. It is the largest broadcaster in the world, with about 23,000 staff...
bureaucracy, who then preferred to keep the members of the Workshop anonymous.
The theme was reworked over the years, to her horror, and the version that had her "stamp of approval" is her original one.
In 1964-5 she collaborated with the British artist and playwright Barry Bermange for the BBC's Third Programme to produce four Inventions for Radio, a collage of people describing their dreams, set to a background of electronic sound..
Unit Delta Plus
In 1966, while still working at the BBC, Derbyshire with fellow Radiophonic Workshop member Brian HodgsonBrian Hodgson
Brian Hodgson is a British television composer and sound technician. Born in Liverpool in 1938, Hodgson joined the BBC Radiophonic Workshop in 1962 where he became the original sound effects creator for the science fiction programme Doctor Who...
and EMS
Electronic Music Studios (London) Ltd
Electronic Music Studios Ltd. is a synthesizer company formed in 1969 by Dr. Peter Zinovieff, Tristram Cary and David Cockerell....
founder Peter Zinovieff
Peter Zinovieff
Peter Zinovieff is a British inventor of Russian ethnicity, most notable for his EMS company, which made the famous VCS3 synthesizer in the late 1960s...
set up Unit Delta Plus, an organisation which they intended to use to create and promote electronic music. Based in a studio in Zinovieff's townhouse at 49 Deodar Road in Putney
Putney
Putney is a district in south-west London, England, located in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It is situated south-west of Charing Cross. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London....
, they exhibited their music at a few experimental and electronic music festivals, including the 1966 The Million Volt Light and Sound Rave at which The Beatles
The Beatles
The Beatles were an English rock band, active throughout the 1960s and one of the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed acts in the history of popular music. Formed in Liverpool, by 1962 the group consisted of John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison and Ringo Starr...
' "Carnival of Light
Carnival of Light
"Carnival of Light" is an unreleased experimental piece by The Beatles. It was recorded on 5 January 1967, after the vocal overdubbing sessions for the song "Penny Lane"...
" had its only public playing.
In 1966, she recorded a demo with Anthony Newley
Anthony Newley
Anthony George Newley was an English actor, singer and songwriter. He enjoyed success as a performer in such diverse fields as rock and roll and stage and screen acting.-Early life:...
entitled "Moogies Bloogies", although as Anthony Newley moved to the United States, the song was never released.
After a troubled performance at the Royal College of Art
Royal College of Art
The Royal College of Art is an art school located in London, United Kingdom. It is the world’s only wholly postgraduate university of art and design, offering the degrees of Master of Arts , Master of Philosophy and Doctor of Philosophy...
, in 1967, the unit disbanded.
Kaleidophon
Also in the late sixties, she again worked with Hodgson in setting up the Kaleidophon studio at 281-3 Camden High Street in Camden TownCamden Town
-Economy:In recent years, entertainment-related businesses and a Holiday Inn have moved into the area. A number of retail and food chain outlets have replaced independent shops driven out by high rents and redevelopment. Restaurants have thrived, with the variety of culinary traditions found in...
with fellow electronic musician David Vorhaus. The studio produced electronic music for various London theatres and, in 1968, the three used it to produce their first album as the band White Noise
White Noise (band)
White Noise is an experimental electronic music band formed in London, England, in 1968 by American-born David Vorhaus, a classical bass player with a background in both physics and electronic engineering...
. Although later albums were essentially solo Vorhaus albums, the début, An Electric Storm
An Electric Storm
-Personnel:The following people contributed to An Electric Storm:*David Vorhaus - Production co-ordinator*Delia Derbyshire, Brian Hodgson - Electronic sound realisation*Paul Lytton - Percussion*John Whitman, Annie Bird, Val Shaw - Vocals-Releases:...
featured collaborations with Derbyshire and Hodgson and is now considered an important and influential album in the development of electronic music, prefiguring the sound of Stereolab
Stereolab
Stereolab are an alternative music band formed in 1990 in London, England. The band originally comprised songwriting team Tim Gane and Lætitia Sadier , both of whom remained at the helm across many lineup changes...
or Broadcast
Broadcast (band)
Broadcast are an electronic music band, founded in Birmingham, England. Original members were Trish Keenan , Roj Stevens , Tim Felton and James Cargill . Various drummers played with the band, including Keith York, Phil Jenkins, Jeremy Barnes, Steve Perkins, and Neil Bullock...
by 20 years.
The trio, using pseudonyms, also contributed to the Standard Music Library. Many of these recordings, including compositions by Delia using the name "Li De la Russe" (from an anagram-esque use of the letters in "Delia" and a reference to her auburn hair), were later used on the seventies ITV
ITV
ITV is the major commercial public service TV network in the United Kingdom. Launched in 1955 under the auspices of the Independent Television Authority to provide competition to the BBC, it is also the oldest commercial network in the UK...
science fiction rivals to Doctor Who; The Tomorrow People
The Tomorrow People
The Tomorrow People is a British children's science fiction television series, devised by Roger Price. Produced by Thames Television for the ITV Network, the series first ran between 1973 and 1979. The series was re-imagined in 1992, Roger Price acting as executive producer...
and Timeslip
Timeslip
Timeslip is a British children's science fiction television series made by ATV for the ITV network and broadcast between 1970 and 1971. The series centres around two children, Simon Randall and Liz Skinner who discover the existence of a strange anomaly, known as the “Time Barrier”, that enables...
.
In 1967, she assisted Guy Woolfenden
Guy Woolfenden
Guy Anthony Woolfenden OBE is an English composer and conductor.-Biography:Woolfenden was born in Ipswich and educated at Westminster Abbey Choir School, London, and Whitgift School, Croydon. He studied music at Christ's College in Cambridge and went on to study at the Guildhall School of Music...
with his electronic score for Peter Hall's production of Macbeth
Macbeth
The Tragedy of Macbeth is a play by William Shakespeare about a regicide and its aftermath. It is Shakespeare's shortest tragedy and is believed to have been written sometime between 1603 and 1607...
with the Royal Shakespeare Company
Royal Shakespeare Company
The Royal Shakespeare Company is a major British theatre company, based in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England. The company employs 700 staff and produces around 20 productions a year from its home in Stratford-upon-Avon and plays regularly in London, Newcastle-upon-Tyne and on tour across...
. The pair also contributed the music to Hall's 1968 film Work Is a Four-Letter Word
Work Is a Four-Letter Word
-External links:*...
.
Her other work during this period included taking part in a performance of electronic music at The Roundhouse
The Roundhouse
The Roundhouse is a Grade II* listed former railway engine shed in Chalk Farm, London, England, which has been converted into a performing arts and concert venue. It was originally built in 1847 as a roundhouse , a circular building containing a railway turntable, but was only used for railway...
, which also featured work by Paul McCartney
Paul McCartney
Sir James Paul McCartney, MBE, Hon RAM, FRCM is an English musician, singer-songwriter and composer. Formerly of The Beatles and Wings , McCartney is listed in Guinness World Records as the "most successful musician and composer in popular music history", with 60 gold discs and sales of 100...
, the sound-track for the Yoko Ono
Yoko Ono
is a Japanese artist, musician, author and peace activist, known for her work in avant-garde art, music and filmmaking as well as her marriage to John Lennon...
film,
the score for an ICI-sponsored student fashion show and the sounds for Anthony Roland's award-winning film of Pamela Bone's photography, entitled Circle of Light.
Electrophon
In 1973, she left the BBC and, after a brief stint working at Hodgson's Electrophon studio during which time she contributed to the soundtrack to the film The Legend of Hell HouseThe Legend of Hell House
The Legend of Hell House is a 1973 British horror film directed by John Hough and starring Pamela Franklin, Roddy McDowall, Clive Revill, and Gayle Hunnicutt. The screenplay was written by Richard Matheson based on his own novel Hell House.-Plot:...
, stopped composing music.
Later career
She subsequently worked as a radio operator for the laying of a British Gas pipeline, in an art gallery and in a bookshop.In late 1974 she married David Hunter from Haltwhistle in
Northumberland, the labourer son of a striking miner in an attempt to gain social acceptance; the relationship was brief and disastrous although she never divorced. She also frequented the gallery space of Chinese artist Li Yuan-chia
Li Yuan-chia
Li Yuan-chia was a Chinese artist, poet and curator. He was educated in Taiwan from 1949.-Life:Li Yuan-chia is credited with establishing modern abstract art in Chinese circles...
at his stone farmhouse in Cumbria.
In 1978 she returned to London and met her life-partner, Clive Blackburn and in January 1980 she bought a house in Northampton where, in May of that year, Clive joined her and gave her stability.
She returned to music in the late nineties after having her interest renewed by fellow electronic musician Peter Kember
Peter Kember
Peter Kember is a British musician and producer, more usually known as Sonic Boom, and was a founding member of alternative rock band Spacemen 3....
and was working on an album when she died aged 64 of renal failure
Renal failure
Renal failure or kidney failure describes a medical condition in which the kidneys fail to adequately filter toxins and waste products from the blood...
whilst recovering from breast cancer
Breast cancer
Breast cancer is cancer originating from breast tissue, most commonly from the inner lining of milk ducts or the lobules that supply the ducts with milk. Cancers originating from ducts are known as ductal carcinomas; those originating from lobules are known as lobular carcinomas...
.
Archive
After Derbyshire's death, 267 reel-to-reel tapes and a box of a thousand papers were found in her attic. These were entrusted to Mark AyresMark Ayres
Mark Ayres is a television composer who is best known for his work on Doctor Who.Ayres's work on broadcast Doctor Who was during Sylvester McCoy's era as the Seventh Doctor, comprising The Greatest Show in the Galaxy, Ghost Light, and The Curse of Fenric.Ayres was hired after he sent producer John...
of the BBC and in 2006 were given on permanent loan to David Butler of Manchester University. While almost all were digitised in 2006, none have yet been published.
Further reading and documentaries
- BBC 4BBC FourBBC Four is a British television network operated by the British Broadcasting Corporation and available to digital television viewers on Freeview, IPTV, satellite and cable....
, "Alchemists of Sound", Saturday 28 May 2005. Television documentary on the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. - BBC Radio 4, "Sculptress of Sound: The Lost Works of Delia Derbyshire", Saturday 27 March 2010. Radio documentary about Delia Derbyshire, her work at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop, and the ongoing digital archiving of a collection of her recordings.
- Louis Niebur, Special Sound: The Creation and Legacy of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop, Oxford University Press, 2010.
External links
- delia-derbyshire.org
- Delia Derbyshire's Audiological Chronology
- Delian mailing list at topica.com &
- Delia Derbyshire's obituary by Brian Hodgson in The GuardianThe GuardianThe Guardian, formerly known as The Manchester Guardian , is a British national daily newspaper in the Berliner format...
, dated July 7, 2001 - Article from The ScotsmanThe ScotsmanThe Scotsman is a British newspaper, published in Edinburgh.As of August 2011 it had an audited circulation of 38,423, down from about 100,000 in the 1980s....
24 September 2004 by Susan Mansfield - "Radiophonic Ladies" by Jo Hutton
- Times article on new work of hers recently found
- Lost tapes of the Doctor Who composer
- Sculptress of Sound: The Lost Works of Delia Derbyshire on BBC Radio 4