Danaea
Encyclopedia
Danaea Sm. is a fern
genus of approximately 50 species in the eusporangiate fern family Marattiaceae.
they are small to intermediately large ferns with erect or creeping rhizomes and usually once pinnate leaves with opposite pinnae. The fertile leaves are contracted, acrostichoid and covered below with sunken, linear synangia. The genus Danaea has a Neotropical distribution, occurring from southern Mexico
through Central America
, the Caribbean
and northern South America
to Bolivia
, Paraguay
and the Mata Atlantica
in Brazil
and Northern Argentina
. There is also a population
on Isla del Coco (Cocos Island
) in the Pacific.
Two species Danaea carillensis (Costa Rica) and D. simplicifolia (Guianas, Brazil
, Trinidad
) have simple, undivided leaves, and some other species sometimes have bipinnate leaves (D. bipinnata, D. nodosa, D. urbanii).
One species Danaea kalevala
of the Lesser Antilles
was named in honour of the Finnish heroic epic
Kalevala
.
The basal chromosome number for this genus is 2n=80. The type species is Danaea nodosa.
in the Marattiaceae and the oldest fossils are from the Paleocene
, a period where rainforests became more abundant. It has radiated in these early rainforests and presently counts about 50 species in 3 sections
: sect. Danaea, sect. Arthrodanaea and sect. Holodanaea.
Fern
A fern is any one of a group of about 12,000 species of plants belonging to the botanical group known as Pteridophyta. Unlike mosses, they have xylem and phloem . They have stems, leaves, and roots like other vascular plants...
genus of approximately 50 species in the eusporangiate fern family Marattiaceae.
they are small to intermediately large ferns with erect or creeping rhizomes and usually once pinnate leaves with opposite pinnae. The fertile leaves are contracted, acrostichoid and covered below with sunken, linear synangia. The genus Danaea has a Neotropical distribution, occurring from southern Mexico
Mexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
through Central America
Central America
Central America is the central geographic region of the Americas. It is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with South America on the southeast. When considered part of the unified continental model, it is considered a subcontinent...
, the Caribbean
Caribbean
The Caribbean is a crescent-shaped group of islands more than 2,000 miles long separating the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, to the west and south, from the Atlantic Ocean, to the east and north...
and northern South America
South America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
to Bolivia
Bolivia
Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...
, Paraguay
Paraguay
Paraguay , officially the Republic of Paraguay , is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the...
and the Mata Atlantica
Mata Atlântica
The Atlantic Forest is a region of tropical and subtropical moist forest, tropical dry forest, tropical savanna, semi deciduous forest and mangrove forests which extends along the Atlantic coast of Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte state in the north to Rio Grande do Sul state in the south, and...
in Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
and Northern Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
. There is also a population
Population
A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals...
on Isla del Coco (Cocos Island
Cocos Island
Cocos Island is an uninhabited island located off the shore of Costa Rica . It constitutes the 11th district of Puntarenas Canton of the province of Puntarenas. It is one of the National Parks of Costa Rica...
) in the Pacific.
Two species Danaea carillensis (Costa Rica) and D. simplicifolia (Guianas, Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
, Trinidad
Trinidad
Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the two major islands and numerous landforms which make up the island nation of Trinidad and Tobago. It is the southernmost island in the Caribbean and lies just off the northeastern coast of Venezuela. With an area of it is also the fifth largest in...
) have simple, undivided leaves, and some other species sometimes have bipinnate leaves (D. bipinnata, D. nodosa, D. urbanii).
One species Danaea kalevala
Danaea kalevala
Danaea kalevala is a species of fern belonging to the family Marattiaceae. It is endemic to rainforests of the Lesser Antilles islands in the Caribbean....
of the Lesser Antilles
Lesser Antilles
The Lesser Antilles are a long, partly volcanic island arc in the Western Hemisphere. Most of its islands form the eastern boundary of the Caribbean Sea with the Atlantic Ocean, with the remainder located in the southern Caribbean just north of South America...
was named in honour of the Finnish heroic epic
National epic
A national epic is an epic poem or a literary work of epic scope which seeks or is believed to capture and express the essence or spirit of a particular nation; not necessarily a nation-state, but at least an ethnic or linguistic group with aspirations to independence or autonomy...
Kalevala
Kalevala
The Kalevala is a 19th century work of epic poetry compiled by Elias Lönnrot from Finnish and Karelian oral folklore and mythology.It is regarded as the national epic of Finland and is one of the most significant works of Finnish literature...
.
The basal chromosome number for this genus is 2n=80. The type species is Danaea nodosa.
Classification
Danaea is the basal lineageLineage (evolution)
An evolutionary lineage is a sequence of species, that form a line of descent, each new species the direct result of speciation from an immediate ancestral species. Lineages are subsets of the evolutionary tree of life. Lineages are often determined by the techniques of molecular systematics.-...
in the Marattiaceae and the oldest fossils are from the Paleocene
Paleocene
The Paleocene or Palaeocene, the "early recent", is a geologic epoch that lasted from about . It is the first epoch of the Palaeogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era...
, a period where rainforests became more abundant. It has radiated in these early rainforests and presently counts about 50 species in 3 sections
Section (botany)
In botany, a section is a taxonomic rank below the genus, but above the species. The subgenus, if present, is higher than the section, and the rank of series, if present, is below the section. Sections are typically used to help organise very large genera, which may have hundreds of species...
: sect. Danaea, sect. Arthrodanaea and sect. Holodanaea.
- Danaea acuminata Tuomisto & R.C.Moran
- Danaea alata Sm.
- Danaea antillensis Christenh.
- Danaea arbuscula Christenh. & Tuomisto
- Danaea bicolor Tuomisto & R.C.Moran
- Danaea bipinnata Tuomisto
- †Danaea borealis Pabst, 1968
- Danaea carillensis H.Christ
- Danaea cartilaginea Christenh. & Tuomisto
- Danaea crispa Endrés
- Danaea erecta Tuomisto & R.C.Moran
- Danaea excurrens Rosenst.
- Danaea falcata Tuomisto & R.C.Moran
- Danaea geniculata Raddi
- Danaea grandifolia Underwood
- Danaea humilis T.Moore
- Danaea imbricata Tuomisto & R.C.Moran
- Danaea jenmanii Underw.
- Danaea kalevalaDanaea kalevalaDanaea kalevala is a species of fern belonging to the family Marattiaceae. It is endemic to rainforests of the Lesser Antilles islands in the Caribbean....
Christenh. - Danaea latipinna Tuomisto & R.C.Moran
- Danaea leprieurii Kunze
- Danaea lingua-cervina Christenh. & Tuomisto
- Danaea longicaudata Tuomisto
- Danaea mazeana Underw.
- Danaea media Liebmann
- Danaea moritziana C.Presl
- Danaea nodosa Sm.
- Danaea oblanceolata Stolze
- Danaea plicata H.Christ
- Danaea polymorpha Lepr. ex Baker
- Danaea riparia Christenh. & Tuomisto
- Danaea sellowiana C.Presl
- Danaea simplicifolia Rudge
- Danaea tenera C.V.Morton
- Danaea trichomanoides Spruce ex T.Moore
- Danaea trifoliata Reichenb.
- Danaea ulei H.Christ
- Danaea urbanii Maxon
- Danaea ushana Christenh.
- Danaea vivax Christenh. & Tuomisto
- Danaea wendlandii Reichenb.f.