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Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation
Encyclopedia
Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation is a communist political party in India
.
Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)
was formed in 1969 by the All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries
, who had split from Communist Party of India (Marxist)
in 1967. CPI(ML) advocated armed struggle and condemned participation in parliamentary elections and work in mass movements. Initially the party leaders were Charu Majumdar
and Kanu Sanyal
. In 1971 the party was split in two, when Satyanarayan Singh revolted against Majumdars's sectarianism. CPI(ML) Liberation has its roots in the faction that remained loyal to Majumdar. Later Majumdar's CPI(ML) was split in pro- and anti-Lin Biao
-factions. CPI(ML) Liberation is the party that evolved out if the anti-Lin Biao
faction.
In 1975 Vinod Mishra
was elected general secretary. From 1977 a reform process took place in Mishra's CPI(ML). The party conference in 1979 declared that mass organizations ought to be created in every front (which the original CPI(ML) had condemned as "economism"). Mishra's CPI(ML) also maintained good relations with the Communist Party of China
, whilst most other Indian ML-factions condemned the reorientation that was pushed through by Deng Xiaoping
after the death of Mao Zedong
.
In 1982 the Indian Peoples Front was formed, and the party started contesting elections under the name of IPF. In 1989 IPF was able to win a Lok Sabha
seat from Ara, Bihar. IPF contested a Municipal election from South Dum Dum constituency in Kolkata in 1982 under the leadership of Bikash Dasgupta, but lost to the much stronger CPI(M). Subsequently the movement died in Kolkata while it was still intact in other places like Ara. In 1991 the Ara seat was lost, but the party won a seat in Assam
through the mass movement Autonomous State Demand Committee
. In 1994 IPF was dissolved and the party started contesting elections under its proper name. However it continued to contest elections under the banner of ASDC until 1999.
Mishra died in 1998. The current general secretary is Dipankar Bhattacharya, who hails from West Bengal
. In the Lok Sabha
elections in 1999 the party won 0.3% of the votes and one seat (the former ASDC-seat from Assam
). In the 2004 elections the seat was lost, mainly due to a split within ASDC.
The English-language publication of the party is Liberation, and thus the party is called CPI(ML) Liberation. In India
there are several other CPI(ML)s, such as CPI(ML) New Democracy, CPI(ML) Janashakti and CPI(ML) Red Flag.
The party is represented in the state assemblies of Bihar and Jharkhand
.
The main mass organizations of the party are:
In Tamil
the party is called இந்திய கம்யூனிஸ்ட் கட்சி (மார்க்ஸிஸ்ட் லெனினிஸ்ட்) விடுதலை.
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
.
Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)
Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)
The Communist Party of India was formed by the All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries at a congress in Calcutta in 1969. The foundation of the party was declared by Kanu Sanyal at a mass-meeting in Calcutta on the 22nd of April .-History:CPI advocated armed revolution and...
was formed in 1969 by the All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries
All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries
All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries was formed in 1967 as a pro-People's Republic of China splinter-group of Communist Party of India...
, who had split from Communist Party of India (Marxist)
Communist Party of India (Marxist)
The Communist Party of India is a political party in India. It has a strong presence in the states of Kerala, West Bengal and Tripura. As of 2011, CPI is leading the state government in Tripura. It leads the Left Front coalition of leftist parties in various states and the national parliament of...
in 1967. CPI(ML) advocated armed struggle and condemned participation in parliamentary elections and work in mass movements. Initially the party leaders were Charu Majumdar
Charu Majumdar
Charu Majumdar was a communist revolutionary from India. Charu Majumdar's life is a story of "riches to rags". Born in a progressive landlord family in Siliguri in 1918, he not only dedicated his entire life to peasants' cause but also authored the historic 1968 Naxalbari uprising, the ideology...
and Kanu Sanyal
Kanu Sanyal
Kanu Sanyal, , was an Indian communist politician. In 1967, he was one of the main leader of the Naxalbari uprising...
. In 1971 the party was split in two, when Satyanarayan Singh revolted against Majumdars's sectarianism. CPI(ML) Liberation has its roots in the faction that remained loyal to Majumdar. Later Majumdar's CPI(ML) was split in pro- and anti-Lin Biao
Lin Biao
Lin Biao was a major Chinese Communist military leader who was pivotal in the communist victory in the Chinese Civil War, especially in Northeastern China...
-factions. CPI(ML) Liberation is the party that evolved out if the anti-Lin Biao
Lin Biao
Lin Biao was a major Chinese Communist military leader who was pivotal in the communist victory in the Chinese Civil War, especially in Northeastern China...
faction.
In 1975 Vinod Mishra
Vinod Mishra
Vinod Mishra was an Indian communist politician. Mishra served as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of India Liberation between 1975 and 1998.-Early life and student activism:...
was elected general secretary. From 1977 a reform process took place in Mishra's CPI(ML). The party conference in 1979 declared that mass organizations ought to be created in every front (which the original CPI(ML) had condemned as "economism"). Mishra's CPI(ML) also maintained good relations with the Communist Party of China
Communist Party of China
The Communist Party of China , also known as the Chinese Communist Party , is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China...
, whilst most other Indian ML-factions condemned the reorientation that was pushed through by Deng Xiaoping
Deng Xiaoping
Deng Xiaoping was a Chinese politician, statesman, and diplomat. As leader of the Communist Party of China, Deng was a reformer who led China towards a market economy...
after the death of Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong, also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung , and commonly referred to as Chairman Mao , was a Chinese Communist revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, Marxist political philosopher, and leader of the Chinese Revolution...
.
In 1982 the Indian Peoples Front was formed, and the party started contesting elections under the name of IPF. In 1989 IPF was able to win a Lok Sabha
Lok Sabha
The Lok Sabha or House of the People is the lower house of the Parliament of India. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by direct election under universal adult suffrage. As of 2009, there have been fifteen Lok Sabhas elected by the people of India...
seat from Ara, Bihar. IPF contested a Municipal election from South Dum Dum constituency in Kolkata in 1982 under the leadership of Bikash Dasgupta, but lost to the much stronger CPI(M). Subsequently the movement died in Kolkata while it was still intact in other places like Ara. In 1991 the Ara seat was lost, but the party won a seat in Assam
Assam
Assam , also, rarely, Assam Valley and formerly the Assam Province , is a northeastern state of India and is one of the most culturally and geographically distinct regions of the country...
through the mass movement Autonomous State Demand Committee
Autonomous State Demand Committee
Autonomous State Demand Committee, originally the Peoples Democratic Front, was set up as a mass organization of the Communist Party of India Liberation in order to fight for statehood for the Karbi Anlong region in the Indian state Assam. Several elections to the Lok Sabha and the District...
. In 1994 IPF was dissolved and the party started contesting elections under its proper name. However it continued to contest elections under the banner of ASDC until 1999.
West Bengal
West Bengal is a state in the eastern region of India and is the nation's fourth-most populous. It is also the seventh-most populous sub-national entity in the world, with over 91 million inhabitants. A major agricultural producer, West Bengal is the sixth-largest contributor to India's GDP...
. In the Lok Sabha
Lok Sabha
The Lok Sabha or House of the People is the lower house of the Parliament of India. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by direct election under universal adult suffrage. As of 2009, there have been fifteen Lok Sabhas elected by the people of India...
elections in 1999 the party won 0.3% of the votes and one seat (the former ASDC-seat from Assam
Assam
Assam , also, rarely, Assam Valley and formerly the Assam Province , is a northeastern state of India and is one of the most culturally and geographically distinct regions of the country...
). In the 2004 elections the seat was lost, mainly due to a split within ASDC.
The English-language publication of the party is Liberation, and thus the party is called CPI(ML) Liberation. In India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
there are several other CPI(ML)s, such as CPI(ML) New Democracy, CPI(ML) Janashakti and CPI(ML) Red Flag.
The party is represented in the state assemblies of Bihar and Jharkhand
Jharkhand
Jharkhand is a state in eastern India. It was carved out of the southern part of Bihar on 15 November 2000. Jharkhand shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh to the west, Orissa to the south, and West Bengal to the east...
.
The main mass organizations of the party are:
- Revolutionary Youth Association (RYA)
- All India Students Association (AISA)
- All India Agricultural Labour Association (AIALA)
- All India Peasants' Coordination Committee
- All India Central Council of Trade Unions (AICCTU)
- All India Progressive Women's Association (AIPWA)
- Autonomous State Demand CommitteeAutonomous State Demand CommitteeAutonomous State Demand Committee, originally the Peoples Democratic Front, was set up as a mass organization of the Communist Party of India Liberation in order to fight for statehood for the Karbi Anlong region in the Indian state Assam. Several elections to the Lok Sabha and the District...
(ASDC)
Tamil language
Tamil is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. It has official status in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and in the Indian union territory of Pondicherry. Tamil is also an official language of Sri Lanka and Singapore...
the party is called இந்திய கம்யூனிஸ்ட் கட்சி (மார்க்ஸிஸ்ட் லெனினிஸ்ட்) விடுதலை.
Organs
"Liberation" is the monthly central English organ of CPI(ML). Apart from Liberation, the Party brings out a central Hindi weekly organ too, named "Samkaleen Lokyuddh". Some state party Committees bring out their own organs, like weekly "Ajker Deshabrati" in West Bengal, "Nabasphulinga" in Tripura, "Teeppori" in Tamil Nadu, "Telugu Liberation" in Andhra Pradesh, "Kannada Liberation" in Karnataka, "Samkali Lok Morcha" in Punjab, etc.Lok Sabha election results
| State | No. candidates 2004 | No. elected 2004 | No. candidates 1999 | No. elected 1999 | Total no. of seats from the state |
| Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh , is one of the 28 states of India, situated on the southeastern coast of India. It is India's fourth largest state by area and fifth largest by population. Its capital and largest city by population is Hyderabad.The total GDP of Andhra Pradesh is $100 billion and is ranked third... | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 42 |
| Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh is a state of India, located in the far northeast. It borders the states of Assam and Nagaland to the south, and shares international borders with Burma in the east, Bhutan in the west, and the People's Republic of China in the north. The majority of the territory is claimed by... | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Assam Assam Assam , also, rarely, Assam Valley and formerly the Assam Province , is a northeastern state of India and is one of the most culturally and geographically distinct regions of the country... | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 14 |
| Bihar | 21 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 40 (2004)/54(1999) |
| Chhattisgarh Chhattisgarh Chhattisgarh is a state in Central India, formed when the 16 Chhattisgarhi-speaking South-Eastern districts of Madhya Pradesh gained separate statehood on 1 November 2000.... | 1 | 0 | - | - | 11 (2004) |
| Goa Goa Goa , a former Portuguese colony, is India's smallest state by area and the fourth smallest by population. Located in South West India in the region known as the Konkan, it is bounded by the state of Maharashtra to the north, and by Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its... | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Gujarat | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 |
| Haryana Haryana Haryana is a state in India. Historically, it has been a part of the Kuru region in North India. The name Haryana is found mentioned in the 12th century AD by the apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar . It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south... | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Himachal Pradesh Himachal Pradesh Himachal Pradesh is a state in Northern India. It is spread over , and is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir on the north, Punjab on the west and south-west, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh on the south, Uttarakhand on the south-east and by the Tibet Autonomous Region on the east... | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Jammu and Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir is the northernmost state of India. It is situated mostly in the Himalayan mountains. Jammu and Kashmir shares a border with the states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south and internationally with the People's Republic of China to the north and east and the... | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 |
| Jharkhand Jharkhand Jharkhand is a state in eastern India. It was carved out of the southern part of Bihar on 15 November 2000. Jharkhand shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh to the west, Orissa to the south, and West Bengal to the east... | 8 | 0 | - | - | 14 (2004) |
| Karnataka Karnataka Karnataka , the land of the Kannadigas, is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act and this day is annually celebrated as Karnataka Rajyotsava... | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 |
| Kerala Kerala or Keralam is an Indian state located on the Malabar coast of south-west India. It was created on 1 November 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam speaking regions.... | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 |
| Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh , often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal and Indore is the largest city.... | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 29 (2004)/40(1999) |
| Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra is a state located in India. It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh and third largest state by area in India... | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48 |
| Manipur Manipur Manipur is a state in northeastern India, with the city of Imphal as its capital. Manipur is bounded by the Indian states of Nagaland to the north, Mizoram to the south and Assam to the west; it also borders Burma to the east. It covers an area of... | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Meghalaya Meghalaya Meghalaya is a state in north-eastern India. The word "Meghalaya" literally means the Abode of Clouds in Sanskrit and other Indic languages. Meghalaya is a hilly strip in the eastern part of the country about 300 km long and 100 km wide, with a total area of about 8,700 sq mi . The... | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Mizoram Mizoram Mizoram is one of the Seven Sister States in North Eastern India, sharing borders with the states of Tripura, Assam, Manipur and with the neighbouring countries of Bangladesh and Burma. Mizoram became the 23rd state of India on 20 February 1987. Its capital is Aizawl. Mizoram is located in the... | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Nagaland Nagaland Nagaland is a state in the far north-eastern part of India. It borders the state of Assam to the west, Arunachal Pradesh and part of Assam to the north, Burma to the east and Manipur to the south. The state capital is Kohima, and the largest city is Dimapur... | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Orissa Orissa Orissa , officially Odisha since Nov 2011, is a state of India, located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. It is the modern name of the ancient nation of Kalinga, which was invaded by the Maurya Emperor Ashoka in 261 BC. The modern state of Orissa was established on 1 April... | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 21 |
| Punjab | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 |
| Rajasthan Rajasthan Rājasthān the land of Rajasthanis, , is the largest state of the Republic of India by area. It is located in the northwest of India. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert , which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with... | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 25 |
| Sikkim Sikkim Sikkim is a landlocked Indian state nestled in the Himalayan mountains... | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital and largest city is Chennai. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory of Pondicherry, and the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh... | 3 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 39 |
| Tripura Tripura Tripura is a state in North-East India, with an area of . It is the third smallest state of India, according to area. Tripura is surrounded by Bangladesh on the north, south, and west. The Indian states of Assam and Mizoram lie to the east. The capital is Agartala and the main languages spoken are... | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity... | 10 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 80 (2004)/85 (1999) |
| Uttarakhand Uttarakhand Uttarakhand , formerly Uttaranchal, is a state in the northern part of India. It is often referred to as the Land of Gods due to the many holy Hindu temples and cities found throughout the state, some of which are among Hinduism's most spiritual and auspicious places of pilgrimage and worship... | 2 | 0 | - | - | 5 (2004) |
| West Bengal West Bengal West Bengal is a state in the eastern region of India and is the nation's fourth-most populous. It is also the seventh-most populous sub-national entity in the world, with over 91 million inhabitants. A major agricultural producer, West Bengal is the sixth-largest contributor to India's GDP... | 5 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 42 |
| Union territories: | |||||
| Andaman & Nicobar | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Chandigarh Chandigarh Chandigarh is a union territory of India that serves as the capital of two states, Haryana and Punjab. The name Chandigarh translates as "The Fort of Chandi". The name is from an ancient temple called Chandi Mandir, devoted to the Hindu goddess Chandi, in the city... | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Dadra and Nagar Haveli | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Daman and Diu | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Delhi Delhi Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census... | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 |
| Lakshadweep Lakshadweep Lakshadweep , formerly known as the Laccadive, Minicoy, and Amindivi Islands, is a group of islands in the Laccadive Sea, 200 to 440 km off the coast of the South West Indian state of Kerala... | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Pondicherry | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Total: | 65 | 0 | 56 | 1 | 543 |
External links
- Party website
- Constitution of the Party, retrieved at Election Commission of IndiaElection Commission of IndiaThe Election Commission of India is an autonomous, quasi-judiciary constitutional body of India. Its mission is to conduct free and fair elections in India...
website - "The Naxalite Movement in Central Bihar" PDF document. By Bela Bhatia. Economic and Political Weekly. April 9, 2005 pp 1536 – 1549.