Cancelled Space Shuttle missions
Encyclopedia
During the Space Shuttle program
, a number of missions were cancelled. Many were cancelled as a result of the Challenger and the Columbia disasters. Furthermore, many early missions were cancelled due to delays in the development of the shuttle. Others were cancelled because of changes in payload and missions requirements.
's planners had projected for 570 shuttle missions between 1980 and 1991. Later, this estimate was lowered to 487 launches between 1980 and 1992. The details of the first 23 projected missions, listed in the third edition of Manned Spaceflight (Reginald Turnill, 1978) are presented below.
and Jack Lousma
take the Teleoperator Retrieval System to the Skylab
space station in order to boost it into a higher orbit.
.
and SBS-A into orbit during the 2-day mission.
and SBS-B into orbit during the 3-day mission.
-1 science module. The crew of 5 were to consist of 3 NASA astronauts and 2 European payload specialists. The mission was to last 7 days.
-5 and Anik
-C1 into orbit during the 2-day mission.
and Insat-1A into orbit during the 5-day mission.
-2 science module. The crew of 5 was to consist of 2 payload specialists. The mission was to last 12 days.
, scheduled for launch on 13 May 1981. It was to place the satellites RCA-C, SSUS-D and a GOES
into orbit. Challenger first flew on STS-6
, launched on 4 April 1983.
and Anik-C2
into orbit.
-3 science module. The crew of 5 was to consist of 2 payload specialists.
-6 and an SBS
satellite into orbit and recover LDEF from orbit.
-4 life-science module.
-5 module.
booster. Galileo was eventually delivered to orbit by Atlantis during STS-34
, launched 18 October 1989, after lengthy delays.
Cancelled due to delays with the payload, which was a DOD
satellite. The entire crew flew on STS-51-C
in 1985.
Crew:
A mission to deploy a TDRS
satellite, was cancelled due to problems with the Inertial Upper Stage
(IUS) that was to be used in the mission. The crew (along with payload specialist Charles D. Walker) eventually flew on STS-41-D
in August 1984.
Crew:
A mission to deploy a DOD satellite, was cancelled due to problems with the IUS upper stage that was to be used in the mission.
Crew:
STS-41-F
Planned Lauch Date: August 1984
Mission cancelled due to launchpad RSLS abort of STS-41-D
in June, 41-F's payload contents were transferred for 41-D's eventual launch in August.
Crew:
Mission objective was to deploy the TDRS-B communication satellite, cancelled due to IUS failure. Most of the crew would be reassigned to STS-51-D
which flew in April 1985 (except for Patrick Baudry, who was re-assigned to STS-51-G
which flew in June 1985).
Crew:
Mission objectives were to deploy a Syncom
communication satellite and retrieval of the Long Duration Exposure Facility
. Most of the crew would fly on STS-51-G
in June, with Walker remaining on the remanifested STS-51-D
flight and Jarvis eventually bumped to STS-51-L
, in which he was killed during the Challenger disaster
.
Crew:
Originally EOM-1 Spacelab mission, cancelled in December 1984 due to planned combining with EOM-2 mission. Later re-manifested as STS-61-K which was then cancelled due to the Challenger disaster.
Crew:
Astro-1 mission, would have been used to examine Halley's Comet in conjunction with the unmanned probes of the Halley Armada
. The Astro-1 mission, and most of the assigned crew, would eventually fly on STS-35
in 1990.
Crew:
Primary mission intended to deploy the Ulysses solar polar orbiter with a Centaur-G
upper stage. Most of the crew would fly on the first post-Challenger shuttle mission, STS-26
. Ulysses itself would eventually be launched by Discovery on STS-41
with an IUS.
Crew:
Primary mission would have been the deployment of the Galileo probe with a Centaur-G upper stage. Most of the crew would later fly on STS-30
in 1989. Galileo would eventually be launched by Atlantis on STS-34
with an IUS.
Crew:
STS-61-H
Planned Launch Date: 24 June 1986
Mission objective was to deploy three satellites. The crew would have included the first British and the first Indonesian astronaut. Most of this crew would fly, sans payload specialists, as STS-29; James Bagian replaced Fisher, who was on leave.)
Crew:
STS-62-A
Planned Launch Date: 1 July 1986
DOD
mission, was to have been the first shuttle mission flown from Space Launch Complex 6
at Vandenberg Air Force Base
, and would have been the first mission to enter polar orbit. Astronauts Guy Gardner, Mullane, and Ross would fly together on STS-27, commanded by Robert L. Gibson, and with William Shepherd rounding out the crew, with no payload specialists.
Crew:
STS-61-M
Planned Launch Date: 22 July 1986.
Payload was to have been the TDRS-4
satellite.
Crew:
Mission was intended to deploy the Hubble Space Telescope
into orbit. The Hubble Space Telescope, and most of the previously assigned crew (except Young, who was replaced by Loren Shriver
), would eventually fly on STS-31
in 1990.
Crew:
DOD
mission, which would be flown in 1989 as STS-28
with most of the named crew except McCulley (who was replaced by Richard N. Richards
) and Casserino.
Crew:
Primary mission objective would have been deployment of the Intelsat
-4 satellite and the retrieval of the Long Duration Exposure Facility
. Smith perished in the Challenger disaster shortly after being named to this crew. Dunbar would later be assigned to STS-32
, which retrieved the LDEF in 1990.
Crew:
mission, planned for 29 September 1986. The only crewmember assigned to the mission before it was cancelled was Payload Specialist
Katherine Eileen Sparks Roberts.
, pilot S. David Griggs
, mission specialists Robert L. Stewart
, Owen K. Garriott
, and Claude Nicollier
, and payload specialists Byron K. Lichtenberg
, Michael L. Lampton, and Robert E. Stevenson.
John Konrad.
mission, planned for December 1986. Would have carried Military Spaceflight Engineer Charles Edward Jones
, who later died on Flight 11
when it was crashed into the World Trade Center
during the September 11, 2001 attacks
.
Kenneth Hugh Nordsieck.
satellite. The only crewmember assigned to the mission before it was cancelled was British Payload Specialist
Peter Longhurst.
Robert Jackson Wood.
Life Science mission (SLS-1), planned for March 1987. The only crewmembers assigned to the mission before it was cancelled were Payload Specialist
s Drew Gaffney and Robert Ward Phillips.
Steven MacLean
.
Kenneth Hugh Nordsieck.
-J science mission, planned for February 1988. The only crewmembers assigned to the mission before it was cancelled were the Japanese Payload Specialist
s Mamoru Mohri
and Chiaki Mukai
.
Life Science mission (SLS-2), planned for 1 July 1988. The only crewmember assigned to the mission before it was cancelled was Payload Specialist
Millie Hughes-Fulford
, who would fly on STS-40
.
in 1989.
and return it to Earth, for possible display in the National Air and Space Museum
in Washington, D.C.
. NASA later flew the STS-125
mission to the telescope, carrying a target assembly to allow for a safe de-orbit and atmospheric breakup over the Pacific Ocean
.
. It would have carried the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module
Raffaello and carried out a station crew rotation. Crew: Collins, Kelly, Noguchi, Robinson, Malenchenko, Kaleri, Lu.
to conduct the 10-day assembly mission ISS-12A. Crew: Jett, Ferguson, Tanner, Burbank, MacLean, Stefanyshyn-Piper.
to conduct assembly mission ISS-12A.1, delivering the third port truss segment (ITS P5), logistics and supplies. It would also have carried out a station crew rotation. Crew: Wilcutt, Oefelein, Curbeam, Fuglesang, Foale, McArthur, Tokarev.
to conduct assembly mission ISS-13A, delivering the second starboard truss segment (ITS S3/S4), a solar array set, and batteries. Crew: Sturckow, Polansky, Reilly, Mastracchio, Higginbotham, Forrester.
to conduct assembly mission ISS-13A.1, delivering the third starboard truss segment (ITS S5) and station supplies. Crew were to be commander Scott Kelly, pilot Charles O. Hobaugh
, mission specialists Scott E. Parazynski
, Dafydd Williams
, Barbara Morgan
and Lisa Nowak
.
to conduct assembly mission ISS-15A and carry-out a station crew rotation. Crew were to be commander Steven Lindsey, pilot Mark Kelly, mission specialist Michael Gernhardt, Carlos Noriega, Gennadi Padalka, Mike Fincke, Oleg Kononenko
.
to conduct assembly mission ISS-10A, delivering the second of three station connecting modules, Harmony. With this mission the redefined ISS US Core would have been completed. Crew: Halsell, Poindexter, Lawrence, Sellers, Wilson, Foreman.
to conduct assembly mission ISS-9A.1, delivering the Science Power Platform
with four solar arrays to the station, and to have carried out a station crew rotation. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
servicing mission. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
to conduct resupply mission ISS-UF4. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
to conduct assembly mission ISS-1J/A, delivering the Japanese JEM ELM PS module and SPP to the station. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
to conduct assembly mission ISS-1J, delivering the Japanese Kibo Experiment Module and JEM RMS to the station. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
to conduct resupply mission ISS-UF3. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
to conduct assembly mission ISS-1E, delivering the European Columbus
module. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
servicing mission. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
to conduct assembly mission ISS-2J/A, delivering the Japanese hardware JEM EF and the Cupola. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
to conduct resupply mission ISS-UF5. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
to conduct assembly mission ISS-14A, delivering 4 SPP arrays and the MMOD. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
to conduct resupply mission ISS-UF6. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
to conduct assembly mission ISS-20A, delivering Tranquility. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
to conduct assembly mission ISS-16A, delivering the Habitation Module
. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
to conduct assembly mission ISS-17A, delivering the Multipurpose Laboratory Module
(Nauka), Destiny lab racks, and a CBA to the station. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
to conduct assembly mission ISS-18A, delivering the first US Crew Return Vehicle
(CRV). No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
to conduct assembly mission ISS-19A, delivering an MPLM and other station hardware. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
to conduct resupply mission ISS-UF7. The Centrifuge Accommodations Module
would also have been delivered to the station. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
test of the Space Shuttle
system, using the RTLS flight profile devised for emergency abort scenarios. The mission was cancelled when astronauts refused to fly it, having deemed the plan to be too dangerous. STS-1 commander John W. Young recalled that "I said no. I said let's not practice Russian roulette
, because you may have a loaded gun there. So we didn't."
Space Shuttle program
NASA's Space Shuttle program, officially called Space Transportation System , was the United States government's manned launch vehicle program from 1981 to 2011...
, a number of missions were cancelled. Many were cancelled as a result of the Challenger and the Columbia disasters. Furthermore, many early missions were cancelled due to delays in the development of the shuttle. Others were cancelled because of changes in payload and missions requirements.
Cancelled due to the late development of the shuttle
In 1972, NASANASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is the agency of the United States government that is responsible for the nation's civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research...
's planners had projected for 570 shuttle missions between 1980 and 1991. Later, this estimate was lowered to 487 launches between 1980 and 1992. The details of the first 23 projected missions, listed in the third edition of Manned Spaceflight (Reginald Turnill, 1978) are presented below.
STS-1A (Columbia)
Originally scheduled as the first orbital flight test (OFT-1) for launch in June 1979. The crew was to consist of a commander and pilot, and the test flight was to last 2 days and 5 hours.STS-2A (Columbia)
Originally scheduled as the second orbital flight test (OFT-2) for launch in July 1979. The 5-day mission was to see the crew of Fred HaiseFred Haise
Fred Wallace Haise, Jr. is an engineer and former NASA astronaut. He is one of only 24 people to have flown to the Moon. Having flown on Apollo 13, Haise was to be the sixth human to walk on the Moon, but the mission did not land due to a failure aboard the spacecraft.-Early life and...
and Jack Lousma
Jack R. Lousma
Jack Robert Lousma is a former NASA astronaut and politician. He was a member of the second manned crew on the Skylab space station and also commanded the third space shuttle mission...
take the Teleoperator Retrieval System to the Skylab
Skylab
Skylab was a space station launched and operated by NASA, the space agency of the United States. Skylab orbited the Earth from 1973 to 1979, and included a workshop, a solar observatory, and other systems. It was launched unmanned by a modified Saturn V rocket, with a mass of...
space station in order to boost it into a higher orbit.
STS-3 (Columbia)
Originally scheduled as the third orbital flight test (OFT-3) for launch in September 1979. The 7-day mission was to see the 2-man crew (commander and pilot) test shuttle maneuvering and remote manipulator systems.STS-4 (Columbia)
Originally scheduled as the fourth orbital flight test (OFT-4) for launch in December 1979. The crew was to consist of a commander and pilot, and the mission was to last 7 days.STS-5 (Columbia)
Originally scheduled as the fifth orbital flight test (OFT-5) for launch in February 1980. The crew was to consist of 3 or 4 members and the mission was to last 7 days. First landing at Kennedy Space CenterKennedy Space Center
The John F. Kennedy Space Center is the NASA installation that has been the launch site for every United States human space flight since 1968. Although such flights are currently on hiatus, KSC continues to manage and operate unmanned rocket launch facilities for America's civilian space program...
.
STS-6 (Columbia)
Originally scheduled as the sixth orbital flight test (OFT-6) for launch in March 1980. The crew of 4 were to conduct first test of operational payloads and conduct the first EVA from the shuttle. The mission was to last 7 days.STS-7 (Columbia)
Originally scheduled for launch in May 1980. First operational flight. The crew of three were to place the LDEF satellite into orbit and the mission was to last 5 days.STS-8 (Columbia)
Originally scheduled for launch on 1 July 1980. The crew of 3 were to place the satellites TDRS-1TDRS-1
TDRS-1, known before launch as TDRS-A, is an American communications satellite which is operated by NASA as part of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System. It was constructed by TRW and launched by on its maiden flight, STS-6. While on the pad, problems were detected with the Shuttle's main...
and SBS-A into orbit during the 2-day mission.
STS-9 (Columbia)
Originally scheduled for launch on 1 August 1980. The crew of 3 were to place the satellites GOES-4 and SSUS-D into orbit during the 3-day mission.STS-10 (Columbia)
Originally scheduled for launch on 14 November 1980. The crew of 3 were to place the satellites TDRS-BTDRS-B
TDRS-B was an American communications satellite, which was to have formed part of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System. It was destroyed when the disintegrated 73 seconds after launch....
and SBS-B into orbit during the 3-day mission.
STS-11 (Columbia)
Originally scheduled for launch on 18 December 1980, carrying the European SpacelabSpacelab
Spacelab was a reusable laboratory used on certain spaceflights flown by the Space Shuttle. The laboratory consisted of multiple components, including a pressurized module, an unpressurized carrier and other related hardware housed in the Shuttle's cargo bay...
-1 science module. The crew of 5 were to consist of 3 NASA astronauts and 2 European payload specialists. The mission was to last 7 days.
STS-12 (Columbia)
Originally scheduled for launch on 30 January 1981. The crew of 3 were to place the satellites IntelsatIntelsat
Intelsat, Ltd. is a communications satellite services provider.Originally formed as International Telecommunications Satellite Organization , it was—from 1964 to 2001—an intergovernmental consortium owning and managing a constellation of communications satellites providing international broadcast...
-5 and Anik
Anik (satellite)
The Anik satellites are geostationary communications satellites launched by Telesat Canada for television in Canada. In Inuktitut, Anik means "little brother".-The Satellites:-Anik A:...
-C1 into orbit during the 2-day mission.
STS-13 (Columbia)
Originally scheduled for launch on 3 March 1981. The crew of 3 were to place the satellites TDRS-3TDRS-3
TDRS-3 , known before launch as TDRS-C, is an American communications satellite which is operated by NASA as part of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System...
and Insat-1A into orbit during the 5-day mission.
STS-14 (Columbia)
Originally scheduled for launch on 7 April 1981, carrying the SpacelabSpacelab
Spacelab was a reusable laboratory used on certain spaceflights flown by the Space Shuttle. The laboratory consisted of multiple components, including a pressurized module, an unpressurized carrier and other related hardware housed in the Shuttle's cargo bay...
-2 science module. The crew of 5 was to consist of 2 payload specialists. The mission was to last 12 days.
STS-15 (Challenger)
Originally to be the first flight of the shuttle ChallengerSpace Shuttle Challenger
Space Shuttle Challenger was NASA's second Space Shuttle orbiter to be put into service, Columbia having been the first. The shuttle was built by Rockwell International's Space Transportation Systems Division in Downey, California...
, scheduled for launch on 13 May 1981. It was to place the satellites RCA-C, SSUS-D and a GOES
Goes
Goes is a municipality and a city in the southwestern Netherlands in Zuid-Beveland, in the province Zeeland. The city of Goes has approximately 27,000 residents.-History of Goes:...
into orbit. Challenger first flew on STS-6
STS-6
STS-6 was a NASA Space Shuttle mission conducted using Space Shuttle Challenger, carrying the first Tracking and Data Relay Satellite, TDRS-1, into orbit. Launched on 4 April 1983, STS-6 was the sixth shuttle mission and the first of the ten missions flown by Challenger...
, launched on 4 April 1983.
STS-16 (Columbia)
Originally scheduled for launch on 16 June 1981. Was to place the satellites TDRS-4TDRS-4
TDRS-4, known before launch as TDRS-D, is an American communications satellite which is operated by NASA as part of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System. It was constructed by TRW, based on a custom satellite bus which was used for all seven first generation TDRS satellites.TDRS-D was...
and Anik-C2
Anik (satellite)
The Anik satellites are geostationary communications satellites launched by Telesat Canada for television in Canada. In Inuktitut, Anik means "little brother".-The Satellites:-Anik A:...
into orbit.
STS-17 (Challenger)
Originally scheduled for launch on 16 July 1981, carrying the SpacelabSpacelab
Spacelab was a reusable laboratory used on certain spaceflights flown by the Space Shuttle. The laboratory consisted of multiple components, including a pressurized module, an unpressurized carrier and other related hardware housed in the Shuttle's cargo bay...
-3 science module. The crew of 5 was to consist of 2 payload specialists.
STS-18 (Columbia)
Originally scheduled for launch on 29 July 1981. Was to place IntelsatIntelsat
Intelsat, Ltd. is a communications satellite services provider.Originally formed as International Telecommunications Satellite Organization , it was—from 1964 to 2001—an intergovernmental consortium owning and managing a constellation of communications satellites providing international broadcast...
-6 and an SBS
Satellite Business Systems
Satellite Business Systems, abbreviated as SBS, was a company founded by IBM, Aetna, Comsat , that provided private professional satellite communications through its SBS fleet of FSS geosynchronous satellites, and was the first company to do so.SBS was founded on December 15, 1975 by the...
satellite into orbit and recover LDEF from orbit.
STS-19 (Columbia)
Originally scheduled for launch on 2 September 1981. Was to place a USAF (Teal Ruby) satellite into orbit, was also to carry a metallurgy pallet.STS-20 (Challenger)
Originally scheduled for launch on 30 September 1981, carrying the SpacelabSpacelab
Spacelab was a reusable laboratory used on certain spaceflights flown by the Space Shuttle. The laboratory consisted of multiple components, including a pressurized module, an unpressurized carrier and other related hardware housed in the Shuttle's cargo bay...
-4 life-science module.
STS-21 (Columbia)
Originally scheduled for launch on 14 October 1981, carrying the European SpacelabSpacelab
Spacelab was a reusable laboratory used on certain spaceflights flown by the Space Shuttle. The laboratory consisted of multiple components, including a pressurized module, an unpressurized carrier and other related hardware housed in the Shuttle's cargo bay...
-5 module.
STS-22 (Challenger)
Originally scheduled for launch on 25 November 1981. Was to place the Iranian Zohreh-1 satellite into orbit.STS-23 (Columbia)
Originally scheduled for launch in January 1982. Was to launch the Galileo probe to Jupiter using an IUSInertial Upper Stage
The Inertial Upper Stage , originally known as the Interim Upper Stage, is a two-stage solid-fueled booster rocket developed by the U.S...
booster. Galileo was eventually delivered to orbit by Atlantis during STS-34
STS-34
STS-34 was a NASA Space Shuttle mission using Space Shuttle Atlantis. It was the 31st shuttle mission overall, and the 5th flight for Atlantis. During the mission, the Jupiter-bound Galileo probe was deployed into space...
, launched 18 October 1989, after lengthy delays.
STS-10
Planned Launch Date: November 1983Cancelled due to delays with the payload, which was a DOD
United States Department of Defense
The United States Department of Defense is the U.S...
satellite. The entire crew flew on STS-51-C
STS-51-C
STS-51-C was the 15th flight of NASA's Space Shuttle program, and the third flight of Space Shuttle Discovery. It was also the first shuttle mission to deploy a dedicated United States Department of Defense payload, and as such many mission details remain classified...
in 1985.
Crew:
- Thomas K. Mattingly II (Commander)
- Loren J. Shriver (Pilot)
- Ellison S. Onizuka (Mission Specialist)
- James F. Buchli (Mission Specialist)
- Gary E. PaytonGary Payton (astronaut)Colonel Gary Eugene Payton, USAF, is a former American astronaut.-Education:Payton graduated from high school in Rock Island, Illinois, in 1966. He went on to attended Bradley University, in Peoria, Illinois...
(Payload Specialist)
STS-12
Planned Launch Date: March 1984A mission to deploy a TDRS
TDRS
A Tracking and Data Relay Satellite is a type of communications satellite that forms part of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System used by NASA and other United States government agencies for communications to and from independent "User Platforms" such as satellites, balloons, aircraft,...
satellite, was cancelled due to problems with the Inertial Upper Stage
Inertial Upper Stage
The Inertial Upper Stage , originally known as the Interim Upper Stage, is a two-stage solid-fueled booster rocket developed by the U.S...
(IUS) that was to be used in the mission. The crew (along with payload specialist Charles D. Walker) eventually flew on STS-41-D
STS-41-D
STS-41-D was the first flight of NASA's Space Shuttle orbiter Discovery. It was the 12th mission of the Space Shuttle program, and was launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 30 August 1984...
in August 1984.
Crew:
- Henry W. Hartsfield, Jr. (Commander)
- Michael L. Coats (Pilot)
- Richard M. Mullane (Mission Specialist)
- Steven A. Hawley (Mission Specialist)
- Judith A. Resnik (Mission Specialist)
STS-41-E (Challenger)
Planned Launch Date: July 1984A mission to deploy a DOD satellite, was cancelled due to problems with the IUS upper stage that was to be used in the mission.
Crew:
- Thomas K. Mattingly II (Commander)
- Loren J. Shriver (Pilot)
- Ellison S. Onizuka (Mission Specialist)
- James F. Buchli (Mission Specialist)
- Jeffrey E. Detroye (Payload Specialist)
STS-41-FSTS-41-FSTS-41-F was a planned Space Shuttle mission that was to have been flown by the , however it was canceled due to payload delays. This would have been the maiden flight of Discovery. Because of the cancellation, STS-41-D later became the first flight of Discovery....
(Discovery)
Planned Lauch Date: August 1984Mission cancelled due to launchpad RSLS abort of STS-41-D
STS-41-D
STS-41-D was the first flight of NASA's Space Shuttle orbiter Discovery. It was the 12th mission of the Space Shuttle program, and was launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 30 August 1984...
in June, 41-F's payload contents were transferred for 41-D's eventual launch in August.
Crew:
- Karol J. BobkoKarol J. BobkoKarol Joseph "Bo" Bobko is an engineer, retired United States Air Force officer and a former USAF and NASA astronaut.-Personal:Bobko was born in New York City, New York to a Lithuanian-American family...
(Commander) - Donald E. WilliamsDonald E. WilliamsCaptain Donald Edward Williams is a former NASA astronaut. He has logged a total of 287 hours and 35 minutes in space....
(Pilot) - M. Rhea Seddon (Mission Specialist)
- S. David GriggsS. David GriggsStanley David Griggs was a United States Navy officer and a NASA astronaut. He is credited with conducting the first unscheduled extra-vehicular activity of the space program during Space Shuttle mission STS-51-D...
(Mission Specialist) - Jeffrey A. HoffmanJeffrey A. HoffmanJeffrey Alan Hoffman, Ph.D. is an American former NASA astronaut and currently a professor of aeronautics and astronautics at MIT....
(Mission Specialist)
STS-51-E (Challenger)
Planned Launch Date: March 1985Mission objective was to deploy the TDRS-B communication satellite, cancelled due to IUS failure. Most of the crew would be reassigned to STS-51-D
STS-51-D
STS-51-D was the sixteenth flight of NASA's Space Shuttle program, and the fourth flight of Space Shuttle Discovery. The launch of STS-51-D from Kennedy Space Center , Florida, on 12 April 1985 was delayed by 55 minutes, after a boat strayed into the restricted Solid Rocket Booster recovery zone...
which flew in April 1985 (except for Patrick Baudry, who was re-assigned to STS-51-G
STS-51-G
STS-51-G was the eighteenth flight of NASA's Space Shuttle program, and the fifth flight of Space Shuttle Discovery. The mission launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 17 June 1985...
which flew in June 1985).
Crew:
- Karol J. BobkoKarol J. BobkoKarol Joseph "Bo" Bobko is an engineer, retired United States Air Force officer and a former USAF and NASA astronaut.-Personal:Bobko was born in New York City, New York to a Lithuanian-American family...
(Commander) - Donald E. WilliamsDonald E. WilliamsCaptain Donald Edward Williams is a former NASA astronaut. He has logged a total of 287 hours and 35 minutes in space....
(Pilot) - M. Rhea Seddon (Mission Specialist)
- S. David GriggsS. David GriggsStanley David Griggs was a United States Navy officer and a NASA astronaut. He is credited with conducting the first unscheduled extra-vehicular activity of the space program during Space Shuttle mission STS-51-D...
(Mission Specialist) - Jeffrey A. HoffmanJeffrey A. HoffmanJeffrey Alan Hoffman, Ph.D. is an American former NASA astronaut and currently a professor of aeronautics and astronautics at MIT....
(Mission Specialist) - Patrick BaudryPatrick BaudryPatrick Pierre Roger Baudry , is a retired Lieutenant Colonel in the French Air Force and a former CNES astronaut...
(Payload Specialist) - Edwin J. GarnJake GarnEdwin Jacob "Jake" Garn is an American politician, a member of the Republican Party, and served as a U.S. Senator representing Utah from 1974 to 1993...
(Payload Specialist)
STS-51-D (Discovery)
Planned Launch Date: March 1985Mission objectives were to deploy a Syncom
Syncom
Syncom started as a 1961 NASA program for active geosynchronous communication satellites, all of which were developed and manufactured by Hughes Space and Communications...
communication satellite and retrieval of the Long Duration Exposure Facility
Long Duration Exposure Facility
NASA's Long Duration Exposure Facility, or LDEF, was a school bus-sized cylindrical space experiment rack that exposed various material samples to outer space for about 5.7 years, completing 32,422 Earth orbits.- Construction :...
. Most of the crew would fly on STS-51-G
STS-51-G
STS-51-G was the eighteenth flight of NASA's Space Shuttle program, and the fifth flight of Space Shuttle Discovery. The mission launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 17 June 1985...
in June, with Walker remaining on the remanifested STS-51-D
STS-51-D
STS-51-D was the sixteenth flight of NASA's Space Shuttle program, and the fourth flight of Space Shuttle Discovery. The launch of STS-51-D from Kennedy Space Center , Florida, on 12 April 1985 was delayed by 55 minutes, after a boat strayed into the restricted Solid Rocket Booster recovery zone...
flight and Jarvis eventually bumped to STS-51-L
STS-51-L
STS-51-L was the twenty-fifth flight of the American Space Shuttle program, which marked the first time an ordinary civilian, schoolteacher Christa McAuliffe, had flown aboard the Space Shuttle. The mission used Space Shuttle Challenger, which lifted off from the Launch Complex 39-B on 28 January...
, in which he was killed during the Challenger disaster
Space Shuttle Challenger disaster
The Space Shuttle Challenger disaster occurred on January 28, 1986, when Space Shuttle Challenger broke apart 73 seconds into its flight, leading to the deaths of its seven crew members. The spacecraft disintegrated over the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of central Florida at 11:38 am EST...
.
Crew:
- Daniel C. Brandenstein (Commander)
- John O. Creighton (Pilot)
- Steven R. NagelSteven R. NagelSteven Ray Nagel is a retired Colonel in the USAF and a former NASA astronaut.-Personal data:Born October 27, 1946, in Canton, Illinois. Married to fellow astronaut Linda M. Godwin of Houston, Texas. Two daughters. His hobbies include sport flying and music. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Ivan R....
(Mission Specialist) - John M. FabianJohn M. FabianJohn McCreary Fabian is a former NASA Astronaut and Air Force officer who flew two space shuttle missions and on the development of the shuttle's robotic arm. He later led the Air Force's space operations....
(Mission Specialist) - Shannon W. Lucid (Mission Specialist)
- Gregory B. Jarvis (Payload Specialist)
- Charles D. Walker (Payload Specialist)
STS-51-H (Atlantis)
Planned Launch Date: November 1985Originally EOM-1 Spacelab mission, cancelled in December 1984 due to planned combining with EOM-2 mission. Later re-manifested as STS-61-K which was then cancelled due to the Challenger disaster.
Crew:
- Vance D. BrandVance D. BrandVance DeVoe Brand is an engineer and former test pilot and NASA astronaut. He served as command module pilot during the first U.S.-Soviet joint space flight in 1975, and as commander of three space shuttle missions....
(Commander) - Michael J. Smith (Pilot)
- Robert C. SpringerRobert C. SpringerRobert Clyde "Bob" Springer is a retired American astronaut and test pilot who flew as a mission specialist on two NASA space shuttle missions in 1989–90. A decorated aviator in the U.S. Marine Corps, Springer also flew more than 500 combat sorties during the Vietnam War...
(Mission Specialist) - Owen K. GarriottOwen K. GarriottOwen Kay Garriott, Ph.D. is a former NASA astronaut who spent 60 days aboard Skylab in 1973 and 10 days aboard Spacelab-1 in 1983. He is also the father of Robert Garriott and fellow spacefarer Richard Garriott, with whom he helped found Origin Systems.-Education and background:Garriott was born...
(Mission Specialist) - Claude NicollierClaude NicollierClaude Nicollier is the first astronaut from Switzerland, and has flown on four Space Shuttle missions. His first spaceflight was in 1992, and his final spaceflight was in 1999. He took part in two servicing missions to the Hubble Space Telescope...
(Mission Specialist) - Michael L. Lampton (Payload Specialist)
- Byron K. LichtenbergByron K. LichtenbergByron Kurt Lichtenberg, Sc. D. is an American engineer and fighter pilot who flew aboard two NASA Space Shuttle missions as a Payload Specialist. In 1983, he and Ulf Merbold became the first Payload Specialists to fly on the shuttle.-Personal:Born February 19, 1948 in Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania...
(Payload Specialist)
STS-61-E (Columbia)
Planned Launch Date: 6 March 1986Astro-1 mission, would have been used to examine Halley's Comet in conjunction with the unmanned probes of the Halley Armada
Halley Armada
The Halley Armada is the generally accepted and popularly used name of five space probes sent to examine Halley's Comet during its 1986 sojourn through the inner solar system, connected with apparition "1P/1982 U1"...
. The Astro-1 mission, and most of the assigned crew, would eventually fly on STS-35
STS-35
-Crew notes:Prior to the Challenger disaster, this mission was slated to launch in March 1986 as STS-61-E. Jon McBride was originally assigned to command this mission, which would have been his second spaceflight. He chose to retire from NASA in May 1989 and was replaced as mission commander by...
in 1990.
Crew:
- Jon A. McBride (Commander)
- Richard N. RichardsRichard N. RichardsRichard Noel "Dick" Richards is an American aviator, retired US Navy officer, and a former NASA astronaut. He flew aboard four Space Shuttle missions in the 1980s and 1990s.-Military career:...
(Pilot) - David C. Leestma (Mission Specialist)
- Jeffrey A. HoffmanJeffrey A. HoffmanJeffrey Alan Hoffman, Ph.D. is an American former NASA astronaut and currently a professor of aeronautics and astronautics at MIT....
(Mission Specialist) - Robert A. ParkerRobert A. ParkerRobert Allan Ridley Parker is the former director of the NASA Management Office at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and a retired NASA astronaut...
(Mission Specialist) - Samuel T. DurranceSamuel T. DurranceSamuel Thornton Durrance is an American scientist who flew aboard two NASA Space Shuttle missions as a payload specialist.-Background:Durrance was born September 17, 1943, in Tallahassee, Florida, but considers Tampa, Florida his hometown...
(Payload Specialist) - Ronald A. PariseRonald A. PariseRonald Anthony Parise, Ph.D. was an Italian American scientist who flew aboard two NASA Space Shuttle missions as a payload specialist....
(Payload Specialist)
STS-61-F (Challenger)
Planned Launch Date: 15 May 1986Primary mission intended to deploy the Ulysses solar polar orbiter with a Centaur-G
Centaur (rocket stage)
Centaur is a rocket stage designed for use as the upper stage of space launch vehicles. Centaur boosts its satellite payload to geosynchronous orbit or, in the case of an interplanetary space probe, to or near to escape velocity...
upper stage. Most of the crew would fly on the first post-Challenger shuttle mission, STS-26
STS-26
STS-26 was the 26th NASA Space Shuttle mission and the seventh flight of the Discovery orbiter. The mission launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 29 September 1988, and landed four days later on 3 October. STS-26 was declared the "Return to Flight" mission, being the first mission after...
. Ulysses itself would eventually be launched by Discovery on STS-41
STS-41
STS-41 was the eleventh mission of the Space Shuttle Discovery. The four-day mission with a primary objective to launch the Ulysses probe as part of the "International Solar Polar Mission".-Crew:-Mission parameters:*Mass:...
with an IUS.
Crew:
- Frederick H. Hauck (Commander)
- Roy D. Bridges (Pilot)
- David C. HilmersDavid C. HilmersDavid Carl Hilmers is a former NASA astronaut.Hilmers was born January 28, 1950, in Clinton, Iowa, but considers DeWitt, Iowa, to be his hometown. He is married to Angela Cayotopa Escalante of Lima, Peru. He has two grown sons. His recreational interests include playing the piano, gardening,...
(Mission Specialist) - John M. LoungeJohn M. LoungeJohn Michael "Mike" Lounge was an American engineer, a US Navy officer, a Vietnam war veteran, and a NASA astronaut. A veteran of three space shuttle flights, Lounge logged over 482 hours in space...
(Mission Specialist)
STS-61-G (Atlantis)
Planned Launch Date: 20 May 1986Primary mission would have been the deployment of the Galileo probe with a Centaur-G upper stage. Most of the crew would later fly on STS-30
STS-30
STS-30 was a NASA Space Shuttle mission, during which Space Shuttle Atlantis deployed the Venus-bound Magellan probe into orbit. The mission launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 4 May 1989, and landed four days later...
in 1989. Galileo would eventually be launched by Atlantis on STS-34
STS-34
STS-34 was a NASA Space Shuttle mission using Space Shuttle Atlantis. It was the 31st shuttle mission overall, and the 5th flight for Atlantis. During the mission, the Jupiter-bound Galileo probe was deployed into space...
with an IUS.
Crew:
- David M. WalkerDavid M. Walker (astronaut)David Mathieson Walker , was a United States Navy officer and a NASA astronaut. He flew aboard four Space Shuttle missions in the 1980s and 1990s.-Personal:...
(Commander) - Ronald J. GrabeRonald J. GrabeRonald John Grabe is a former NASA astronaut.He has earned the Air Force Distinguished Flying Cross, the Air Medal with 7 Oak Leaf Clusters, the Air Force Meritorious Service Medal, the Liethen-Tittle Award , the Royal Air Force Cross, the NASA Exceptional Service...
(Pilot) - Norman E. Thagard (Mission Specialist)
- James D. A. van Hoften (Mission Specialist)
STS-61-HSTS-61-HSTS-61-H was a United States Space Shuttle mission planned to launch in 1986 using Columbia, however, it was cancelled after the Challenger disaster. The flight was scheduled to take place 24 June through 1 July.- Crew :* Commander: Michael L. Coats...
(Columbia)
Planned Launch Date: 24 June 1986Mission objective was to deploy three satellites. The crew would have included the first British and the first Indonesian astronaut. Most of this crew would fly, sans payload specialists, as STS-29; James Bagian replaced Fisher, who was on leave.)
Crew:
- Michael CoatsMichael CoatsMichael Lloyd Coats is an engineer and former NASA astronaut, raised in Riverside, California...
(Commander) - John Blaha (Pilot)
- Anna Fisher (Mission Specialist)
- James BuchliJames BuchliJames Frederick Buchli is an engineer, retired United States Marine aviator and former NASA astronaut who flew on four Space shuttle missions.-Education and memberships:...
(Mission Specialist) - Robert Springer (Mission Specialist)
- Nigel Wood (Payload Specialist)
- Pratiwi SudarmonoPratiwi SudarmonoPratiwi Pujilestari Sudarmono is an Indonesian scientist. She is currently professor of microbiology at the University of Indonesia, Jakarta....
(Payload Specialist)
STS-62-ASTS-62-ASTS-62-A was a planned Space Shuttle mission to deliver a reconnaissance payload into polar orbit. It was expected to use Discovery. It would have been the first manned launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California...
(Discovery)
Planned Launch Date: 1 July 1986DOD
United States Department of Defense
The United States Department of Defense is the U.S...
mission, was to have been the first shuttle mission flown from Space Launch Complex 6
Vandenberg AFB Space Launch Complex 6
Space Launch Complex-6 at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California is a launch pad and support area. It was originally designed for the launching of the Titan III in support of the cancelled Manned Orbiting Laboratory, and was later rebuilt for the Space Shuttle, which also never used it due to...
at Vandenberg Air Force Base
Vandenberg Air Force Base
Vandenberg Air Force Base is a United States Air Force Base, located approximately northwest of Lompoc, California. It is under the jurisdiction of the 30th Space Wing, Air Force Space Command ....
, and would have been the first mission to enter polar orbit. Astronauts Guy Gardner, Mullane, and Ross would fly together on STS-27, commanded by Robert L. Gibson, and with William Shepherd rounding out the crew, with no payload specialists.
Crew:
- Robert L. CrippenRobert CrippenRobert Laurel Crippen is an engineer, retired United States Navy Captain and a former NASA astronaut. He flew on four Space Shuttle missions, including three as commander...
(Commander) - Guy S. GardnerGuy Gardner (astronaut)Guy Spence Gardner is a United States Air Force officer and a former astronaut. He holds the rank of Colonel. He flew as pilot on two Space Shuttle missions, STS-27 and STS-35. He is currently the President of the Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades.-Background and education:Gardner was...
(Pilot) - Richard M. Mullane (Mission Specialist)
- Jerry L. RossJerry L. RossJerry Lynn Ross is a United States Air Force officer and a former NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of seven Space Shuttle missions, making him the record holder for most spaceflights .-Personal:Ross is married to the former Karen S. Pearson of Sheridan, Indiana. They have two children...
(Mission Specialist) - Dale A. Gardner (Mission Specialist)
- Edward C. Aldridge, Jr. (Payload Specialist)
- Brett Watterson (Payload Specialist)
STS-61-MSTS-61-MSTS-61-M was a proposed Space Shuttle mission, planned for July 1986 but canceled following the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster .Payload was to have been one of the TDRS satellites. Crew was to have been:* Loren Shriver* Bryan O'Connor...
(Challenger)
Planned Launch Date: 22 July 1986.Payload was to have been the TDRS-4
TDRS-4
TDRS-4, known before launch as TDRS-D, is an American communications satellite which is operated by NASA as part of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System. It was constructed by TRW, based on a custom satellite bus which was used for all seven first generation TDRS satellites.TDRS-D was...
satellite.
Crew:
- Loren ShriverLoren ShriverLoren James Shriver is a former NASA astronaut, aviator, and a retired US Air Force Colonel.-Career:Shriver currently holds the position of Deputy Director for Launch and Payload Processing at NASA's Kennedy Space Center...
(Commander) - Bryan O'Connor (Pilot)
- Mark C. LeeMark C. LeeMark Charles Lee USAF Colonel, is a former NASA astronaut who flew on four Space Shuttle missions. He retired from the Air Force and NASA on July 1, 2001.-Early life:...
(Mission Specialist) - Sally RideSally RideSally Kristen Ride is an American physicist and a former NASA astronaut. Ride joined NASA in 1978, and in 1983 became the first American woman—and then-youngest American, at 32—to enter space...
(Mission Specialist) - William FisherWilliam Frederick FisherWilliam Frederick Fisher is American physician and a former NASA Astronaut.-Personal:Born April 1, 1946, in Dallas, Texas. He was married to a fellow astronaut, Dr. Anna Lee Fisher of St. Albans, New York in 1977. They have two daughters, Kristin Anne and Kara Lynne . .The Drs. Fisher were...
(Mission Specialist) - Robert WoodRobert WoodRobert Wood may refer to:*Robert B. Wood , American Civil War sailor and Medal of Honor recipient*Robert Coldwell Wood , American political scientist and academic*Robert E. Wood , Canadian landscape artist...
(Payload Specialist)
STS-61-J (Atlantis)
Planned Launch Date: 18 August 1986Mission was intended to deploy the Hubble Space Telescope
Hubble Space Telescope
The Hubble Space Telescope is a space telescope that was carried into orbit by a Space Shuttle in 1990 and remains in operation. A 2.4 meter aperture telescope in low Earth orbit, Hubble's four main instruments observe in the near ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared...
into orbit. The Hubble Space Telescope, and most of the previously assigned crew (except Young, who was replaced by Loren Shriver
Loren Shriver
Loren James Shriver is a former NASA astronaut, aviator, and a retired US Air Force Colonel.-Career:Shriver currently holds the position of Deputy Director for Launch and Payload Processing at NASA's Kennedy Space Center...
), would eventually fly on STS-31
STS-31
STS-31 was the thirty-fifth mission of the American Space Shuttle program, which launched the Hubble Space Telescope astronomical observatory into Earth orbit...
in 1990.
Crew:
- John W. Young (Commander)
- Charles F. Bolden, Jr.Charles F. Bolden, Jr.Charles Frank "Charlie" Bolden, Jr. is the current Administrator of NASA, a retired United States Marine Corps major general, and former NASA astronaut....
(Pilot) - Steven A. Hawley (Mission Specialist)
- Bruce McCandless IIBruce McCandless IIBruce McCandless II is a former naval aviator with the United States Navy and former NASA astronaut. During the first of his two Space Shuttle missions he made the first ever untethered free flight, using the Manned Maneuvering Unit.-Education:McCandless is the son of Bruce McCandless, a decorated...
(Mission Specialist) - Kathryn D. SullivanKathryn D. SullivanKathryn Dwyer Sullivan is an American geologist and a former NASA astronaut. A crew member on three Space Shuttle missions, she is the first American woman to walk in space.-Education:...
(Mission Specialist)
STS-61-N (Discovery)
Planned Launch Date: 4 September 1986DOD
United States Department of Defense
The United States Department of Defense is the U.S...
mission, which would be flown in 1989 as STS-28
STS-28
STS-28 was the 30th NASA Space Shuttle mission, the fourth shuttle mission dedicated to United States Department of Defense purposes, and the eighth flight of Space Shuttle Columbia. The mission launched on 8 August 1989, lasted just over 5 days, and traveled 2.1 million miles during 81 orbits...
with most of the named crew except McCulley (who was replaced by Richard N. Richards
Richard N. Richards
Richard Noel "Dick" Richards is an American aviator, retired US Navy officer, and a former NASA astronaut. He flew aboard four Space Shuttle missions in the 1980s and 1990s.-Military career:...
) and Casserino.
Crew:
- Brewster Shaw (Commander)
- Michael McCulley (Pilot)
- David LeestmaDavid LeestmaDavid Cornell Leestma is a former American astronaut.-Personal data:Born May 6, 1949, in Muskegon, Michigan. Married to the former Patti K. Opp of Dallas, Texas. They have six children. He enjoys golfing, tennis, aviation, and fishing. His parents, Dr. and Mrs. Harold F. Leestma, reside in Palm...
(Mission Specialist) - Mark N. BrownMark N. BrownMark Neil Brown is an engineer and former astronaut with NASA.-Education:* 1969: Graduated from Valparaiso High School, Valparaiso, Indiana...
(Mission Specialist) - James C. AdamsonJames C. AdamsonJames Craig Adamson is a former NASA astronaut and retired colonel of the United States Army. He is married with 3 children...
(Mission Specialist) - Frank J. Casserino (Payload Specialist)
STS-61-I (Challenger)
Planned Launch Date: 27 September 1986Primary mission objective would have been deployment of the Intelsat
Intelsat
Intelsat, Ltd. is a communications satellite services provider.Originally formed as International Telecommunications Satellite Organization , it was—from 1964 to 2001—an intergovernmental consortium owning and managing a constellation of communications satellites providing international broadcast...
-4 satellite and the retrieval of the Long Duration Exposure Facility
Long Duration Exposure Facility
NASA's Long Duration Exposure Facility, or LDEF, was a school bus-sized cylindrical space experiment rack that exposed various material samples to outer space for about 5.7 years, completing 32,422 Earth orbits.- Construction :...
. Smith perished in the Challenger disaster shortly after being named to this crew. Dunbar would later be assigned to STS-32
STS-32
STS-32 was the 33rd mission of NASA's Space Shuttle program, and the 9th launch of Space Shuttle Columbia. Launching on 9 January 1990, it marked the first time since STS-61-C that Pad A at Kennedy Space Center's Complex 39 was used for a launch; it also marked the first use of Mobile Launcher...
, which retrieved the LDEF in 1990.
Crew:
- Donald E. WilliamsDonald E. WilliamsCaptain Donald Edward Williams is a former NASA astronaut. He has logged a total of 287 hours and 35 minutes in space....
(Commander) - Michael J. Smith (Pilot)
- James P. BagianJames P. BagianJames Philip Bagian, MD, PE , born 22 February 1952 in Philadelphia, is an engineer and former NASA scientific astronaut. He is of Armenian descent.- Education :...
(Mission Specialist) - Bonnie J. Dunbar (Mission Specialist)
- Manley L. Carter, Jr.Sonny CarterManley Lanier "Sonny" Carter, Jr. was an American physician, professional soccer player, naval officer, and NASA astronaut who flew on STS-33.-Early life:...
(Mission Specialist) - Nagapathi C. Bhat (Payload Specialist)
STS-62-B (Discovery)
DODUnited States Department of Defense
The United States Department of Defense is the U.S...
mission, planned for 29 September 1986. The only crewmember assigned to the mission before it was cancelled was Payload Specialist
Payload Specialist
A Payload Specialist ' was an individual selected and trained by commercial or research organizations for flights of a specific payload on a NASA Space Shuttle mission...
Katherine Eileen Sparks Roberts.
STS-61-K (Columbia)
Planned for 1 October 1986. The crew were to have been commander Vance D. BrandVance D. Brand
Vance DeVoe Brand is an engineer and former test pilot and NASA astronaut. He served as command module pilot during the first U.S.-Soviet joint space flight in 1975, and as commander of three space shuttle missions....
, pilot S. David Griggs
S. David Griggs
Stanley David Griggs was a United States Navy officer and a NASA astronaut. He is credited with conducting the first unscheduled extra-vehicular activity of the space program during Space Shuttle mission STS-51-D...
, mission specialists Robert L. Stewart
Robert L. Stewart
Robert Lee Stewart is a retired Brigadier General of the United States Army and former NASA astronaut.-Personal:Stewart was born August 13, 1942, in Washington, D.C.. He graduated from Hattiesburg High School, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, in 1960...
, Owen K. Garriott
Owen K. Garriott
Owen Kay Garriott, Ph.D. is a former NASA astronaut who spent 60 days aboard Skylab in 1973 and 10 days aboard Spacelab-1 in 1983. He is also the father of Robert Garriott and fellow spacefarer Richard Garriott, with whom he helped found Origin Systems.-Education and background:Garriott was born...
, and Claude Nicollier
Claude Nicollier
Claude Nicollier is the first astronaut from Switzerland, and has flown on four Space Shuttle missions. His first spaceflight was in 1992, and his final spaceflight was in 1999. He took part in two servicing missions to the Hubble Space Telescope...
, and payload specialists Byron K. Lichtenberg
Byron K. Lichtenberg
Byron Kurt Lichtenberg, Sc. D. is an American engineer and fighter pilot who flew aboard two NASA Space Shuttle missions as a Payload Specialist. In 1983, he and Ulf Merbold became the first Payload Specialists to fly on the shuttle.-Personal:Born February 19, 1948 in Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania...
, Michael L. Lampton, and Robert E. Stevenson.
STS-61-L (Atlantis)
Planned for 1 November 1986. Would have launched the first American journalist in space. The only crewmember assigned to the mission before it was cancelled was Payload SpecialistPayload Specialist
A Payload Specialist ' was an individual selected and trained by commercial or research organizations for flights of a specific payload on a NASA Space Shuttle mission...
John Konrad.
STS-71-B (Challenger)
DODUnited States Department of Defense
The United States Department of Defense is the U.S...
mission, planned for December 1986. Would have carried Military Spaceflight Engineer Charles Edward Jones
Charles Edward Jones
Colonel Charles Edward Jones was a United States Air Force officer, a computer programmer, and an astronaut in the USAF Manned Spaceflight Engineer Program.-Biography:...
, who later died on Flight 11
American Airlines Flight 11
American Airlines Flight 11 was American Airlines' daily scheduled morning transcontinental flight from Logan International Airport, in Boston, Massachusetts, to Los Angeles International Airport, in Los Angeles, California...
when it was crashed into the World Trade Center
World Trade Center
The original World Trade Center was a complex with seven buildings featuring landmark twin towers in Lower Manhattan, New York City, United States. The complex opened on April 4, 1973, and was destroyed in 2001 during the September 11 attacks. The site is currently being rebuilt with five new...
during the September 11, 2001 attacks
September 11, 2001 attacks
The September 11 attacks The September 11 attacks The September 11 attacks (also referred to as September 11, September 11th or 9/119/11 is pronounced "nine eleven". The slash is not part of the pronunciation...
.
STS-71-A (Columbia)
Astro-2 mission, planned for 1 January 1987. The only crewmember assigned to the mission before it was cancelled was Payload SpecialistPayload Specialist
A Payload Specialist ' was an individual selected and trained by commercial or research organizations for flights of a specific payload on a NASA Space Shuttle mission...
Kenneth Hugh Nordsieck.
STS-71-C (Atlantis)
Planned for 1 January 1987. Was to launch a British SkynetSkynet (satellites)
Skynet is a family of military satellites, now operated by Paradigm Secure Communications on behalf of the UK Ministry of Defence, which provide strategic communication services to the three branches of the British Armed Forces and to NATO forces engaged on coalition tasks.-Skynet 1:There were two...
satellite. The only crewmember assigned to the mission before it was cancelled was British Payload Specialist
Payload Specialist
A Payload Specialist ' was an individual selected and trained by commercial or research organizations for flights of a specific payload on a NASA Space Shuttle mission...
Peter Longhurst.
STS-71-D (Columbia)
Planned for 1 February 1987. The only crewmember assigned to the mission before it was cancelled was Payload SpecialistPayload Specialist
A Payload Specialist ' was an individual selected and trained by commercial or research organizations for flights of a specific payload on a NASA Space Shuttle mission...
Robert Jackson Wood.
STS-71-E
First SpacelabSpacelab
Spacelab was a reusable laboratory used on certain spaceflights flown by the Space Shuttle. The laboratory consisted of multiple components, including a pressurized module, an unpressurized carrier and other related hardware housed in the Shuttle's cargo bay...
Life Science mission (SLS-1), planned for March 1987. The only crewmembers assigned to the mission before it was cancelled were Payload Specialist
Payload Specialist
A Payload Specialist ' was an individual selected and trained by commercial or research organizations for flights of a specific payload on a NASA Space Shuttle mission...
s Drew Gaffney and Robert Ward Phillips.
STS-71-F (Atlantis)
Planned for 1 March 1987. The only crewmember assigned to the mission before it was cancelled was Canadian Payload SpecialistPayload Specialist
A Payload Specialist ' was an individual selected and trained by commercial or research organizations for flights of a specific payload on a NASA Space Shuttle mission...
Steven MacLean
Steven MacLean (astronaut)
Steven Glenwood MacLean is a Canadian astronaut. He is the current President of the Canadian Space Agency, appointed on September 1, 2008....
.
STS-71-M (Columbia)
Astro-3 mission, planned for 1 August 1987. The only crewmember assigned to the mission before it was cancelled was Payload SpecialistPayload Specialist
A Payload Specialist ' was an individual selected and trained by commercial or research organizations for flights of a specific payload on a NASA Space Shuttle mission...
Kenneth Hugh Nordsieck.
STS-81-G
SpacelabSpacelab
Spacelab was a reusable laboratory used on certain spaceflights flown by the Space Shuttle. The laboratory consisted of multiple components, including a pressurized module, an unpressurized carrier and other related hardware housed in the Shuttle's cargo bay...
-J science mission, planned for February 1988. The only crewmembers assigned to the mission before it was cancelled were the Japanese Payload Specialist
Payload Specialist
A Payload Specialist ' was an individual selected and trained by commercial or research organizations for flights of a specific payload on a NASA Space Shuttle mission...
s Mamoru Mohri
Mamoru Mohri
is a Japanese scientist, a former NASDA astronaut, and a veteran of two NASA space shuttle missions.-Biography:Born in Yoichi, Hokkaidō, Japan, Mohri earned degrees in chemistry from Hokkaido University and a Doctorate from Flinders University in Adelaide, South Australia, in 1976.Most of Mohri's...
and Chiaki Mukai
Chiaki Mukai
is a Japanese doctor, and JAXA astronaut. She was the first Japanese woman in space, and was the first Japanese citizen to have two spaceflights. Both were Space Shuttle missions; her first was STS-65 aboard Space Shuttle Columbia in July 1994, which was a Spacelab mission. Her second spaceflight...
.
STS-81-M (Atlantis)
Second SpacelabSpacelab
Spacelab was a reusable laboratory used on certain spaceflights flown by the Space Shuttle. The laboratory consisted of multiple components, including a pressurized module, an unpressurized carrier and other related hardware housed in the Shuttle's cargo bay...
Life Science mission (SLS-2), planned for 1 July 1988. The only crewmember assigned to the mission before it was cancelled was Payload Specialist
Payload Specialist
A Payload Specialist ' was an individual selected and trained by commercial or research organizations for flights of a specific payload on a NASA Space Shuttle mission...
Millie Hughes-Fulford
Millie Hughes-Fulford
Millie Elizabeth Hughes-Fulford is an American medical investigator and molecular biologist who flew aboard a NASA Space Shuttle mission as a Payload Specialist.-Background:Hughes-Fulford was born December 21, 1945, in Mineral Wells, Texas...
, who would fly on STS-40
STS-40
-Mission parameters:*Mass:**Orbiter landing with payload: **Payload: *Perigee: *Apogee: *Inclination: 39.0°*Period: 90.4 min-Mission highlights:Launch originally set for 22 May 1991...
.
STS-82-B (Discovery)
Planned for 1988. Among other tasks, the mission included the deployment of the Cosmic Background Explorer observatory, later launched on a Delta rocketDelta rocket
Delta is a versatile family of expendable launch systems that has provided space launch capability in the United States since 1960. There have been more than 300 Delta rockets launched, with a 95 percent success rate. Two Delta launch systems – Delta II and Delta IV – are in active use...
in 1989.
STS-144 (Columbia)
A mission to retrieve the Hubble Space TelescopeHubble Space Telescope
The Hubble Space Telescope is a space telescope that was carried into orbit by a Space Shuttle in 1990 and remains in operation. A 2.4 meter aperture telescope in low Earth orbit, Hubble's four main instruments observe in the near ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared...
and return it to Earth, for possible display in the National Air and Space Museum
National Air and Space Museum
The National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Institution holds the largest collection of historic aircraft and spacecraft in the world. It was established in 1976. Located in Washington, D.C., United States, it is a center for research into the history and science of aviation and...
in Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....
. NASA later flew the STS-125
STS-125
STS-125, or HST-SM4 , was the fifth and final space shuttle servicing mission to the Hubble Space Telescope .Launch occurred on 11 May 2009 at 2:01 pm EDT...
mission to the telescope, carrying a target assembly to allow for a safe de-orbit and atmospheric breakup over the Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.At 165.2 million square kilometres in area, this largest division of the World...
.
STS-114 (Atlantis)
Originally to be launched on 1 March 2003 to the International Space StationInternational Space Station
The International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes...
. It would have carried the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module
Multi-Purpose Logistics Module
A Multi-Purpose Logistics Module is a large pressurized container used on Space Shuttle missions to transfer cargo to and from the International Space Station . An MPLM was carried in the cargo bay of a Shuttle and berthed to the Unity or Harmony modules on the ISS. From there, supplies were...
Raffaello and carried out a station crew rotation. Crew: Collins, Kelly, Noguchi, Robinson, Malenchenko, Kaleri, Lu.
STS-115 (Endeavour)
Originally to be launched on 23 May 2003 to the International Space StationInternational Space Station
The International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes...
to conduct the 10-day assembly mission ISS-12A. Crew: Jett, Ferguson, Tanner, Burbank, MacLean, Stefanyshyn-Piper.
STS-116 (Atlantis)
Originally to be launched on 24 July 2003 to the International Space StationInternational Space Station
The International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes...
to conduct assembly mission ISS-12A.1, delivering the third port truss segment (ITS P5), logistics and supplies. It would also have carried out a station crew rotation. Crew: Wilcutt, Oefelein, Curbeam, Fuglesang, Foale, McArthur, Tokarev.
STS-117 (Endeavour)
Originally to be launched on 2 October 2003 to the International Space StationInternational Space Station
The International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes...
to conduct assembly mission ISS-13A, delivering the second starboard truss segment (ITS S3/S4), a solar array set, and batteries. Crew: Sturckow, Polansky, Reilly, Mastracchio, Higginbotham, Forrester.
STS-118 (Columbia)
Originally to be launched on 13 November 2003 to the International Space StationInternational Space Station
The International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes...
to conduct assembly mission ISS-13A.1, delivering the third starboard truss segment (ITS S5) and station supplies. Crew were to be commander Scott Kelly, pilot Charles O. Hobaugh
Charles O. Hobaugh
Charles Owen "Scorch" Hobaugh is a NASA astronaut and a retired U.S. Marine Corps officer. He has had three spaceflights, all of which were Space Shuttle missions to the International Space Station, lasting between 10 and 13 days.Hobaugh was selected to be an astronaut in 1996, and his first...
, mission specialists Scott E. Parazynski
Scott E. Parazynski
Scott Edward Parazynski, M.D. is an American physician and a former NASA astronaut. A veteran of five Space Shuttle flights and seven spacewalks, Parazynski's latest mission was STS-120 in October, 2007 --- highlighted by a dramatic, unplanned EVA to repair a live solar array...
, Dafydd Williams
Dafydd Williams
Dafydd Rhys "Dave" Williams is a Canadian physician and a retired CSA astronaut. He had two spaceflights, both of which were Space Shuttle missions. His first spaceflight, STS-90 in 1998, was a 16-day mission aboard Space Shuttle Columbia dedicated to neuroscience research...
, Barbara Morgan
Barbara Morgan
Barbara Radding Morgan is an American teacher and a former NASA astronaut. She participated in the Teacher in Space program as the backup to Christa McAuliffe for the ill-fated STS-51L mission of Space Shuttle Challenger. She then trained as a Mission Specialist, and flew on STS-118 in August 2007...
and Lisa Nowak
Lisa Nowak
Lisa Marie Nowak is a former American naval flight officer and NASA astronaut. Born in Washington, D.C., she was selected by NASA in 1996 and qualified as a mission specialist in robotics...
.
STS-119 (Atlantis)
Originally to be launched on 15 January 2004 to the International Space StationInternational Space Station
The International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes...
to conduct assembly mission ISS-15A and carry-out a station crew rotation. Crew were to be commander Steven Lindsey, pilot Mark Kelly, mission specialist Michael Gernhardt, Carlos Noriega, Gennadi Padalka, Mike Fincke, Oleg Kononenko
Oleg Kononenko
Oleg Dmitriyevich Kononenko is a Russian cosmonaut.- Personal :Kononenko was born June 21, 1964, in Chardzhou, Turkmen SSR. He is married to Tatiana Mikhailovna Kononenko . They have a son, Andrey Olegovich Kononenko, and a daughter, Alisa Olegovna Kononenko. Kononenko enjoys reading, and team...
.
STS-120 (Endeavour)
Originally to be launched on 19 February 2004 to the International Space StationInternational Space Station
The International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes...
to conduct assembly mission ISS-10A, delivering the second of three station connecting modules, Harmony. With this mission the redefined ISS US Core would have been completed. Crew: Halsell, Poindexter, Lawrence, Sellers, Wilson, Foreman.
STS-121 (Discovery)
Originally to be launched on 1 July 2004 to the International Space StationInternational Space Station
The International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes...
to conduct assembly mission ISS-9A.1, delivering the Science Power Platform
Science Power Platform
The Science Power Platform was a planned Russian element of the International Space Station that was intended to be delivered to the ISS by a Russian Proton rocket or Zenit rocket but was shifted to launch by Space Shuttle as part as a tradeoff agreement on other parts of the ISS...
with four solar arrays to the station, and to have carried out a station crew rotation. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
STS-122 (Columbia)
Originally to be launched on 15 April 2004 to conduct the fourth Hubble Space TelescopeHubble Space Telescope
The Hubble Space Telescope is a space telescope that was carried into orbit by a Space Shuttle in 1990 and remains in operation. A 2.4 meter aperture telescope in low Earth orbit, Hubble's four main instruments observe in the near ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared...
servicing mission. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
STS-123 (Atlantis)
Originally to be launched on 1 October 2004 to the International Space StationInternational Space Station
The International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes...
to conduct resupply mission ISS-UF4. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
STS-124 (Endeavour)
Originally to be launched on 1 December 2004 to the International Space StationInternational Space Station
The International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes...
to conduct assembly mission ISS-1J/A, delivering the Japanese JEM ELM PS module and SPP to the station. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
STS-125 (Discovery)
Originally to be launched on 1 February 2005 to the International Space StationInternational Space Station
The International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes...
to conduct assembly mission ISS-1J, delivering the Japanese Kibo Experiment Module and JEM RMS to the station. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
STS-126 (Endeavour)
Originally to be launched on 1 April 2005 to the International Space StationInternational Space Station
The International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes...
to conduct resupply mission ISS-UF3. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
STS-127 (Discovery)
Originally to be launched on 1 June 2005 to the International Space StationInternational Space Station
The International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes...
to conduct assembly mission ISS-1E, delivering the European Columbus
Columbus (ISS module)
Columbus is a science laboratory that is part of the International Space Station and is the largest single contribution to the ISS made by the European Space Agency ....
module. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
STS-128 (Columbia)
Originally to be launched on 1 August 2005 to conduct the fifth Hubble Space TelescopeHubble Space Telescope
The Hubble Space Telescope is a space telescope that was carried into orbit by a Space Shuttle in 1990 and remains in operation. A 2.4 meter aperture telescope in low Earth orbit, Hubble's four main instruments observe in the near ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared...
servicing mission. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
STS-129 (Discovery)
Originally to be launched on 1 October 2005 to the International Space StationInternational Space Station
The International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes...
to conduct assembly mission ISS-2J/A, delivering the Japanese hardware JEM EF and the Cupola. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
STS-130 (Endeavour)
Originally to be launched on 1 February 2006 to the International Space StationInternational Space Station
The International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes...
to conduct resupply mission ISS-UF5. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
STS-131 (Atlantis)
Originally to be launched on 1 April 2006 to the International Space StationInternational Space Station
The International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes...
to conduct assembly mission ISS-14A, delivering 4 SPP arrays and the MMOD. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
STS-132 (Discovery)
Originally to be launched on 1 June 2006 to the International Space StationInternational Space Station
The International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes...
to conduct resupply mission ISS-UF6. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
STS-133 (Endeavour)
Originally to be launched on 1 August 2006 to the International Space StationInternational Space Station
The International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes...
to conduct assembly mission ISS-20A, delivering Tranquility. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
STS-134 (Atlantis)
Originally to be launched on 1 October 2006 to the International Space StationInternational Space Station
The International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes...
to conduct assembly mission ISS-16A, delivering the Habitation Module
Habitation Module
thumb|right|250px|ISS Habitation moduleThe Habitation Module for the International Space Station was intended to be the Station's main living quarters designed with galley, toilet, shower, sleep stations and medical facilities. About the size of a bus, the module was canceled after its pressurized...
. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
STS-135 (Endeavour)
Originally to be launched on 1 February 2007 to the International Space StationInternational Space Station
The International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes...
to conduct assembly mission ISS-17A, delivering the Multipurpose Laboratory Module
Multipurpose Laboratory Module
Nauka , also known as the Multipurpose Laboratory Module , , will be a component of the International Space Station , funded by the Russian Federal Space Agency. In the original ISS plans, Nauka was to use the location of the Docking and Stowage Module...
(Nauka), Destiny lab racks, and a CBA to the station. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
STS-136 (Discovery)
Originally to be launched on 1 April 2007 to the International Space StationInternational Space Station
The International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes...
to conduct assembly mission ISS-18A, delivering the first US Crew Return Vehicle
Crew Return Vehicle
The Crew Return Vehicle , sometimes referred to as the Assured Crew Return Vehicle , is the proposed lifeboat or escape module for the International Space Station...
(CRV). No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
STS-137 (Atlantis)
Originally to be launched on 1 July 2007 to the International Space StationInternational Space Station
The International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes...
to conduct assembly mission ISS-19A, delivering an MPLM and other station hardware. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
STS-138 (Discovery)
Originally to be launched on 1 October 2007 to the International Space StationInternational Space Station
The International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes...
to conduct resupply mission ISS-UF7. The Centrifuge Accommodations Module
Centrifuge Accommodations Module
The Centrifuge Accommodations Module is a cancelled element of the International Space Station. Although the module was planned to contain more than the a centrifuge, the centrifuge still was considered the most important capability of the module...
would also have been delivered to the station. No crew had been named at the time of cancellation.
STS-1 (Columbia)
Originally intended to be a sub-orbitalSub-orbital spaceflight
A sub-orbital space flight is a spaceflight in which the spacecraft reaches space, but its trajectory intersects the atmosphere or surface of the gravitating body from which it was launched, so that it does not complete one orbital revolution....
test of the Space Shuttle
Space Shuttle
The Space Shuttle was a manned orbital rocket and spacecraft system operated by NASA on 135 missions from 1981 to 2011. The system combined rocket launch, orbital spacecraft, and re-entry spaceplane with modular add-ons...
system, using the RTLS flight profile devised for emergency abort scenarios. The mission was cancelled when astronauts refused to fly it, having deemed the plan to be too dangerous. STS-1 commander John W. Young recalled that "I said no. I said let's not practice Russian roulette
Russian roulette
Russian roulette is a potentially lethal game of chance in which participants place a single round in a revolver, spin the cylinder, place the muzzle against their head and pull the trigger...
, because you may have a loaded gun there. So we didn't."