Battle of Landriano
Encyclopedia
The Battle of Landriano took place on 21 June 1529, between the French army under Francis de Bourbon, Comte de St. Pol
and the Spanish army commanded by Don Antonio de Leyva, Duke of Terranova
in the context of the War of the League of Cognac
. The French army was destroyed and marked the end of the ambitions of Francis I of France
to vie for control of northern Italy
with Charles I of Spain.
, after deserting in favour of Charles, managed to break up the French siege of Genoa
; his efforts were helped by the plague
, which decimated the French besiegers, among them General Odet of Foix, Viscount of Lautrec, who died on 15 August. After his death, the French army was commanded by the Giovanni Ludovico of Saluzzo, who, under the circummstances ordered his troops to withdraw on 29 August, but eventually the Spanish-Imperial forces led by Philibert of Châlon, Prince of Orange
, caught up with them and decimated them. Shortly after the whole French army in the south of Italy
capitulated.
Between August 1528 and June 1529, intense diplomatic activities between King Francis
and the Emperor resulted in the Treaty of Barcelona
.
still had his troops stationed in Landriano
, a region of Lombardy
, near Pavia
, scene of the decisive confrontation which resulted in a total French defeat in Italy
.
The Count of St. Pol
's reserve French troops were intercepted and neutralised by the Spanish troops commanded by Don Antonio de Leyva, Duke of Terranova
. The French army was left destroyed, which ended Francis
's hopes of regaining his hold on Italy
. The French commander, Francis de Bourbon
, was also captured, leaving the Duchy of Milan
under the complete control of the Emperor.
Hostilities continued however, although without any French participation, with the Spanish-Imperial army led by Philibert of Châlon, Prince of Orange
, against the Republic of Florence
and installing Alessandro de' Medici as the ruler of Florence
.
and the Treaty of Barcelona
, Francis I of France
felt obliged to begin negotiations with the Emperor.
On 3 August, the Queen mother of France, Louise of Savoy
and the Emperor's aunt, Margaret of Austria, signed the Treaty of Cambrai. Francis
obtained the restitution of his sons, but on the condition that he had to abandon Italy
, persuade the Venetians
and the Duke of Ferrara to restore the occupied lands to the Emperor and the Pope Clement VII
, not to interfere in the affairs of Italy
and Germany
, and to cooperate in the fight against the Protestants
, to provide compensation of 200,000 ducats and send 4 ships, 12 galleys and 4 galleons for when the Emperor planned to go to Italy for his coronation.
The Treaty made no reference to the Duchy of Burgundy
, evening out with this silence the humiliating situation that was put to Francis
in the Treaty of Madrid.
Francis de Bourbon, Count of St. Pol
Francis I de Bourbon-Saint-Pol, Count of St. Pol and of Chaumont , was a French nobleman, Count of Saint-Pol, Duke of Estouteville and important military commander during the Italian Wars.Francis was the second son of Francis, Count of Vendôme and Marie of Luxembourg, Countess of Vendôme.He was...
and the Spanish army commanded by Don Antonio de Leyva, Duke of Terranova
Antonio de Leyva
Antonio de Leyva, Duke of Terranova, Prince of Ascoli was a Spanish general during the Italian Wars. During the Italian War of 1521, he commanded Pavia during the siege of the city by Francis I of France, and took part in the Battle of Pavia in 1525...
in the context of the War of the League of Cognac
War of the League of Cognac
The War of the League of Cognac was fought between the Habsburg dominions of Charles V—primarily Spain and the Holy Roman Empire—and the League of Cognac, an alliance including France, Pope Clement VII, the Republic of Venice, England, the Duchy of Milan and Republic of Florence.- Prelude :Shocked...
. The French army was destroyed and marked the end of the ambitions of Francis I of France
Francis I of France
Francis I was King of France from 1515 until his death. During his reign, huge cultural changes took place in France and he has been called France's original Renaissance monarch...
to vie for control of northern Italy
Northern Italy
Northern Italy is a wide cultural, historical and geographical definition, without any administrative usage, used to indicate the northern part of the Italian state, also referred as Settentrione or Alta Italia...
with Charles I of Spain.
Background
In 1528 the Genoese Admiral, Andrea DoriaAndrea Doria
Andrea Doria was an Italian condottiere and admiral from Genoa.-Early life:Doria was born at Oneglia from the ancient Genoese family, the Doria di Oneglia branch of the old Doria, de Oria or de Auria family. His parents were related: Ceva Doria, co-lord of Oneglia, and Caracosa Doria, of the...
, after deserting in favour of Charles, managed to break up the French siege of Genoa
Genoa
Genoa |Ligurian]] Zena ; Latin and, archaically, English Genua) is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria....
; his efforts were helped by the plague
Bubonic plague
Plague is a deadly infectious disease that is caused by the enterobacteria Yersinia pestis, named after the French-Swiss bacteriologist Alexandre Yersin. Primarily carried by rodents and spread to humans via fleas, the disease is notorious throughout history, due to the unrivaled scale of death...
, which decimated the French besiegers, among them General Odet of Foix, Viscount of Lautrec, who died on 15 August. After his death, the French army was commanded by the Giovanni Ludovico of Saluzzo, who, under the circummstances ordered his troops to withdraw on 29 August, but eventually the Spanish-Imperial forces led by Philibert of Châlon, Prince of Orange
Philibert of Châlon
Philibert de Châlon was the last prince of Orange from the house of Châlon.Born at Nozeroy to John IV of Chalon-Arlay, Philibert served Emperor Charles V as commander in Italy, fighting in the War of the League of Cognac. He took part in the Sack of Rome and was killed during the final stages of...
, caught up with them and decimated them. Shortly after the whole French army in the south of Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
capitulated.
Between August 1528 and June 1529, intense diplomatic activities between King Francis
Francis I of France
Francis I was King of France from 1515 until his death. During his reign, huge cultural changes took place in France and he has been called France's original Renaissance monarch...
and the Emperor resulted in the Treaty of Barcelona
War of the League of Cognac
The War of the League of Cognac was fought between the Habsburg dominions of Charles V—primarily Spain and the Holy Roman Empire—and the League of Cognac, an alliance including France, Pope Clement VII, the Republic of Venice, England, the Duchy of Milan and Republic of Florence.- Prelude :Shocked...
.
The Battle
On 21 June 1529 King Francis IFrancis I of France
Francis I was King of France from 1515 until his death. During his reign, huge cultural changes took place in France and he has been called France's original Renaissance monarch...
still had his troops stationed in Landriano
Landriano
Landriano is a comune in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 20 km southeast of Milan and about 15 km northeast of Pavia....
, a region of Lombardy
Lombardy
Lombardy is one of the 20 regions of Italy. The capital is Milan. One-sixth of Italy's population lives in Lombardy and about one fifth of Italy's GDP is produced in this region, making it the most populous and richest region in the country and one of the richest in the whole of Europe...
, near Pavia
Pavia
Pavia , the ancient Ticinum, is a town and comune of south-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 35 km south of Milan on the lower Ticino river near its confluence with the Po. It is the capital of the province of Pavia. It has a population of c. 71,000...
, scene of the decisive confrontation which resulted in a total French defeat in Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
.
The Count of St. Pol
Francis de Bourbon, Count of St. Pol
Francis I de Bourbon-Saint-Pol, Count of St. Pol and of Chaumont , was a French nobleman, Count of Saint-Pol, Duke of Estouteville and important military commander during the Italian Wars.Francis was the second son of Francis, Count of Vendôme and Marie of Luxembourg, Countess of Vendôme.He was...
's reserve French troops were intercepted and neutralised by the Spanish troops commanded by Don Antonio de Leyva, Duke of Terranova
Antonio de Leyva
Antonio de Leyva, Duke of Terranova, Prince of Ascoli was a Spanish general during the Italian Wars. During the Italian War of 1521, he commanded Pavia during the siege of the city by Francis I of France, and took part in the Battle of Pavia in 1525...
. The French army was left destroyed, which ended Francis
Francis I of France
Francis I was King of France from 1515 until his death. During his reign, huge cultural changes took place in France and he has been called France's original Renaissance monarch...
's hopes of regaining his hold on Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
. The French commander, Francis de Bourbon
Francis de Bourbon, Count of St. Pol
Francis I de Bourbon-Saint-Pol, Count of St. Pol and of Chaumont , was a French nobleman, Count of Saint-Pol, Duke of Estouteville and important military commander during the Italian Wars.Francis was the second son of Francis, Count of Vendôme and Marie of Luxembourg, Countess of Vendôme.He was...
, was also captured, leaving the Duchy of Milan
Duchy of Milan
The Duchy of Milan , was created on the 1st of may 1395, when Gian Galeazzo Visconti, Lord of Milan, purchased a diploma for 100,000 Florins from King Wenceslaus. It was this diploma that installed, Gian Galeazzo as Duke of Milan and Count of Pavia...
under the complete control of the Emperor.
Hostilities continued however, although without any French participation, with the Spanish-Imperial army led by Philibert of Châlon, Prince of Orange
Philibert of Châlon
Philibert de Châlon was the last prince of Orange from the house of Châlon.Born at Nozeroy to John IV of Chalon-Arlay, Philibert served Emperor Charles V as commander in Italy, fighting in the War of the League of Cognac. He took part in the Sack of Rome and was killed during the final stages of...
, against the Republic of Florence
Republic of Florence
The Republic of Florence , or the Florentine Republic, was a city-state that was centered on the city of Florence, located in modern Tuscany, Italy. The republic was founded in 1115, when the Florentine people rebelled against the Margraviate of Tuscany upon Margravine Matilda's death. The...
and installing Alessandro de' Medici as the ruler of Florence
Florence
Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 370,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area....
.
Consequences
With France's defeat in LandrianoLandriano
Landriano is a comune in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 20 km southeast of Milan and about 15 km northeast of Pavia....
and the Treaty of Barcelona
War of the League of Cognac
The War of the League of Cognac was fought between the Habsburg dominions of Charles V—primarily Spain and the Holy Roman Empire—and the League of Cognac, an alliance including France, Pope Clement VII, the Republic of Venice, England, the Duchy of Milan and Republic of Florence.- Prelude :Shocked...
, Francis I of France
Francis I of France
Francis I was King of France from 1515 until his death. During his reign, huge cultural changes took place in France and he has been called France's original Renaissance monarch...
felt obliged to begin negotiations with the Emperor.
On 3 August, the Queen mother of France, Louise of Savoy
Louise of Savoy
Louise of Savoy was a French noble, Duchess regnant of Auvergne and Bourbon, Duchess of Nemours, the mother of King Francis I of France...
and the Emperor's aunt, Margaret of Austria, signed the Treaty of Cambrai. Francis
Francis I of France
Francis I was King of France from 1515 until his death. During his reign, huge cultural changes took place in France and he has been called France's original Renaissance monarch...
obtained the restitution of his sons, but on the condition that he had to abandon Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, persuade the Venetians
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice in Northeastern Italy. It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century until 1797. It was formally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice and is often referred to as La Serenissima, in...
and the Duke of Ferrara to restore the occupied lands to the Emperor and the Pope Clement VII
Pope Clement VII
Clement VII , born Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, was a cardinal from 1513 to 1523 and was Pope from 1523 to 1534.-Early life:...
, not to interfere in the affairs of Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
and Germany
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...
, and to cooperate in the fight against the Protestants
Lutheranism
Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the theology of Martin Luther, a German reformer. Luther's efforts to reform the theology and practice of the church launched the Protestant Reformation...
, to provide compensation of 200,000 ducats and send 4 ships, 12 galleys and 4 galleons for when the Emperor planned to go to Italy for his coronation.
The Treaty made no reference to the Duchy of Burgundy
Duchy of Burgundy
The Duchy of Burgundy , was heir to an ancient and prestigious reputation and a large division of the lands of the Second Kingdom of Burgundy and in its own right was one of the geographically larger ducal territories in the emergence of Early Modern Europe from Medieval Europe.Even in that...
, evening out with this silence the humiliating situation that was put to Francis
Francis I of France
Francis I was King of France from 1515 until his death. During his reign, huge cultural changes took place in France and he has been called France's original Renaissance monarch...
in the Treaty of Madrid.