Amos Gitai
Encyclopedia
Amos Gitai born 11 October 1950 in Haifa, Israel, is an Israeli filmmaker and director. He is mainly known for making documentaries and experimental / minimalist feature films. Between 1999 and 2005 seven of his films were entered in the Cannes Film Festival
Cannes Film Festival
The Cannes International Film Festival , is an annual film festival held in Cannes, France, which previews new films of all genres including documentaries from around the world. Founded in 1946, it is among the world's most prestigious and publicized film festivals...

 for the "Golden Palm
Palme d'Or
The Palme d'Or is the highest prize awarded at the Cannes Film Festival and is presented to the director of the best feature film of the official competition. It was introduced in 1955 by the organising committee. From 1939 to 1954, the highest prize was the Grand Prix du Festival International du...

" Award and also the Venice Film Festival
Venice Film Festival
The Venice International Film Festival is the oldest international film festival in the world. Founded by Count Giuseppe Volpi in 1932 as the "Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica", the festival has since taken place every year in late August or early September on the island of the...

 for the "Golden Lion
Golden Lion
Il Leone d’Oro is the highest prize given to a film at the Venice Film Festival. The prize was introduced in 1949 by the organizing committee and is now regarded as one of the film industry's most distinguished prizes...

" award.

Biography

Gitai was born in 1950 in Haifa
Haifa
Haifa is the largest city in northern Israel, and the third-largest city in the country, with a population of over 268,000. Another 300,000 people live in towns directly adjacent to the city including the cities of the Krayot, as well as, Tirat Carmel, Daliyat al-Karmel and Nesher...

, to Munio Weinraub and Efratia Margalit. His father was an architect of the pre-war Bauhaus
Bauhaus
', commonly known simply as Bauhaus, was a school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught. It operated from 1919 to 1933. At that time the German term stood for "School of Building".The Bauhaus school was founded by...

 movement in Germany. His parents changed the family name to Gitai. Amos holds a degree in architecture from the Technion
Technion - Israel Institute of Technology
The Technion – Israel Institute of Technology is a research-intensive institute of technology in Haifa, Israel. Originally called the Technikum, it was founded in 1912...

 in Haifa and a PhD in Architecture from the University of California, Berkeley
University of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley , is a teaching and research university established in 1868 and located in Berkeley, California, USA...

.

The 1973 Yom Kippur War
Yom Kippur War
The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War or October War , also known as the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and the Fourth Arab-Israeli War, was fought from October 6 to 25, 1973, between Israel and a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria...

, interrupted his architecture studies as he was called up to reserve service as part of a helicopter rescue crew. While serving, he shot 8mm footage of the fighting, claiming this served as his entry into the world of film making. On his birthday, Gitai's helicopter was shot down by a Syrian missile on the Golan Heights. This experience had a great effect on his life and forms the basis of his film Kippur, an autobiographical depiction of his war service.

Film career

Gitai began his career directing documentaries. In 1979 he directed his first full-length Israeli film, Home. The film was rejected by the only television channel in Israel, however, it was screened at the Berlin and the Rotterdam International Film Festivals. His next film, Field Diary (1982), which takes a critical look at the Lebanon War, was rejected also. This led to Gitai leaving Israel for France, where he would continue his career for the next decade.
While in France, Gitai directed a series of fiction films such as Ester, Golem, and The Spirit of Exile. He also directed Berlin-Jerusalem (1989) in this period; the film was based on the biographies of the German expressionist poet, Else Lasker-Schüler
Else Lasker-Schüler
Else Lasker-Schüler was a Jewish German poet and playwright famous for her bohemian lifestyle in Berlin. She was one of the few women affiliated with the Expressionist movement. Lasker-Schüler fled Nazi Germany and lived out the rest of her life in Jerusalem.-Biography:Schüler was born in...

, and the Russian Zionist, Mania Shohat, and their respective itineraries towards the mythical Jerusalem of the 1930s. The film represented Israel in Venice Festival Film.

In 1993, after Yitzhak Rabin's victory in the elections and the Oslo Accords
Oslo Accords
The Oslo Accords, officially called the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or Declaration of Principles , was an attempt to resolve the ongoing Palestinian-Israeli conflict...

, Gitati returned to Israel and continued his career.

Kadosh
Kadosh
Kadosh is a 1999 film by Israeli director Amos Gitai. It was entered into the 1999 Cannes Film Festival.-Plot:Kadosh is a bleak drama about the plight of women in Haredi society. In the opening scene, Meir , a young Talmudic scholar, thanks God in his morning prayers for not being born a woman...

(2000) was criticized in Israel for its anti-religious
Antireligion
Antireligion is opposition to religion. Antireligion is distinct from atheism and antitheism , although antireligionists may be atheists or antitheists...

 themes and proved a success overseas; earning a score of 70/100 on review aggregator
Review aggregator
A review aggregator is a system that collects reviews of products and services . This system stores the reviews and then uses them for purposes such as: creating a website for users to view the reviews, selling information to third parties about consumer tendencies and creating databases for...

 Metacritic
Metacritic
Metacritic.com is a website that collates reviews of music albums, games, movies, TV shows and DVDs. For each product, a numerical score from each review is obtained and the total is averaged. An excerpt of each review is provided along with a hyperlink to the source. Three colour codes of Green,...

, denoting "Generally favourable" reviews; and an 89% "fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes
Rotten Tomatoes
Rotten Tomatoes is a website devoted to reviews, information, and news of films—widely known as a film review aggregator. Its name derives from the cliché of audiences throwing tomatoes and other vegetables at a poor stage performance...

.

Kippur
Kippur
Kippur is a 2000 Israeli drama war film directed by Amos Gitai. The storyline was conceived from a screenplay written by Gitai and Marie-Jose Sanselme; based on Gitai's own experiences as a member of a helicopter rescue crew during the 1973 Yom Kippur War...

(2000) was Israel's first large-scale cinematic depiction of the considerably difficult and traumatic Yom Kippur War
Yom Kippur War
The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War or October War , also known as the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and the Fourth Arab-Israeli War, was fought from October 6 to 25, 1973, between Israel and a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria...

 of 1973. Critics praised its absence of sensationalism and its unsentimental depiction of war. Negative criticism was concentrated on such details as the absence burnt tanks in the battlefield, that the Syrian soldiers are not seen at all, and the repetition of a shot of a ruined mosque used throughout the film. The film received positive acclaim, gaining a score of 75 on review aggregator Metacritic
Metacritic
Metacritic.com is a website that collates reviews of music albums, games, movies, TV shows and DVDs. For each product, a numerical score from each review is obtained and the total is averaged. An excerpt of each review is provided along with a hyperlink to the source. Three colour codes of Green,...

 and a 79% "fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes
Rotten Tomatoes
Rotten Tomatoes is a website devoted to reviews, information, and news of films—widely known as a film review aggregator. Its name derives from the cliché of audiences throwing tomatoes and other vegetables at a poor stage performance...

.

Kedma (2001) was a retelling of Israel's War of Independence, in which Gitai sought to revise what he saw as many of the myths surrounding Israel's creation. It received mostly negative reviews: earning a score of 36 on Metacritic and a 31% "rotten" rating on Rotten Tomatoes. It went largely ignored in his native country.

Alila
Alila
Alila is a 2003 Israeli film directed by Amos Gitai and starring Yaël Abecassis, Uri Klauzner, and Hanna Laslo. The drama follows half a dozen very different characters through their lives in modern day Israel, giving Gitai an opportunity to comment on his country's top social issues.The film...

(2002) is a tragicomedy
Tragicomedy
Tragicomedy is fictional work that blends aspects of the genres of tragedy and comedy. In English literature, from Shakespeare's time to the nineteenth century, tragicomedy referred to a serious play with either a happy ending or enough jokes throughout the play to lighten the mood.-Classical...

 set in a Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv , officially Tel Aviv-Yafo , is the second most populous city in Israel, with a population of 404,400 on a land area of . The city is located on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline in west-central Israel. It is the largest and most populous city in the metropolitan area of Gush Dan, with...

 apartment house, featuring an Altman
Robert Altman
Robert Bernard Altman was an American film director and screenwriter known for making films that are highly naturalistic, but with a stylized perspective. In 2006, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences recognized his body of work with an Academy Honorary Award.His films MASH , McCabe and...

-esque array of characters and an all-star Israeli cast. It received mixed to negative reviews, with a score of 57 on Metacritic and a 41% "rotten" rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

In recent years, Gitai has directed Promised Land
Promised Land (2004 film)
Promised Land is a 2004 Israeli film, directed by Amos Gitai and starring Rosamund Pike, Diana Bespechni, and Hanna Schygulla, with Anne Parillaud in a supporting role. It tells the story of a group of Estonian girls smuggled into Israel to serve as prostitutes.It is the first film of Gitai's...

(2004) about the trafficking of women in Israel and Free Zone
Free Zone (film)
Free Zone is a 2005 film directed by Amos Gitai. Shot in Israel and Jordan, the Israel-Belgium-French-Spain production stars Israeli Jewish actress Hanna Laslo, Palestinian Arab actress Hiam Abbass, and Israeli-American actress Natalie Portman....

(2005) with Israeli-American star Natalie Portman
Natalie Portman
Natalie Hershlag , better known by her stage name Natalie Portman, is an actress with dual American and Israeli citizenship. Her first role was as an orphan taken in by a hitman in the 1994 French action film Léon, but major success came when she was cast as Padmé Amidala in the Star Wars prequel...

. Although the latter won the Best Actress Award at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival
2005 Cannes Film Festival
The 2005 Cannes Film Festival started on May 11 and ran until May 22. Twenty movies from 13 countries were selected to compete. The awards were announced on May 21...

 for Israeli actress Hanna Laslo
Hanna Laslo
Hanna Laslo is an Israeli actress and comedian.Laszlo rose to fame in the 1980s and 1990s in the wake of comedy routines in which she portrayed such characters as 'Safta Zapta' and 'Clara the cleaning woman.' In 2005 she won th Best Actress Award at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival for her role in...

, it was not well received critically. The film was given a score of 51 on Metacritic and a Rotten Tomatoes rating of 26% "rotten."

In his film Disengagement
Disengagement (film)
Disengagement is a film directed by Amos Gitai, starring Juliette Binoche, with Jeanne Moreau in a supporting role. The film is a French/Italian/Israeli co-production, and was shot in France, Germany and Israel. It is the third film of Gitai's Border Trilogy.The film premiered at the 2007 Venice...

(2007), Gitai brings together a young Israeli man (Liron Levo) and his sister (Juliette Binoche
Juliette Binoche
Juliette Binoche is a French actress, artist and dancer. She has appeared in more than 40 feature films, been recipient of numerous international accolades, is a published author and has appeared on stage across the world. Coming from an artistic background, she began taking acting lessons during...

) who lives in France with their father; they rediscover each other at the same time Israel is disengaging from Gush Katif
Gush Katif
Gush Katif was a bloc of 17 Israeli settlements in the southern Gaza strip. Gush Katif was specifically mentioned by Yitzhak Rabin, the Israeli prime minister who fell victim to an assassin in 1995, as essential to Israel's security border. In August 2005, the Israeli army moved the 8,600...

. The cast includes Jeanne Moreau
Jeanne Moreau
Jeanne Moreau is a French actress, singer, screenwriter and director.She made her theatrical debut in 1947, and established herself as one of the leading actresses of the Comédie-Française...

, Barbara Hendricks
Barbara Hendricks
Barbara Hendricks is an African American operatic soprano and concert singer. Hendricks has lived in Europe since 1977, and in Switzerland on Lake Geneva since 1985, She is a citizen of Sweden.-Early life and education:...

, Dana Ivgy
Dana Ivgy
Dana Ivgy is an Israeli actress and the daughter of actor, Moshe Ivgy.-Career:As a child, Ivgy appeared in several television and film productions...

, Uri Klausner, Israel Katorza and others. The film completes the Border Trilogy
Border Trilogy (Gitai)
The Border Trilogy is a set of three films by Israeli director Amos Gitai:*Promised Land *Free Zone *Disengagement...

, with Promised Land
Promised Land (2004 film)
Promised Land is a 2004 Israeli film, directed by Amos Gitai and starring Rosamund Pike, Diana Bespechni, and Hanna Schygulla, with Anne Parillaud in a supporting role. It tells the story of a group of Estonian girls smuggled into Israel to serve as prostitutes.It is the first film of Gitai's...

and Free Zone
Free Zone (film)
Free Zone is a 2005 film directed by Amos Gitai. Shot in Israel and Jordan, the Israel-Belgium-French-Spain production stars Israeli Jewish actress Hanna Laslo, Palestinian Arab actress Hiam Abbass, and Israeli-American actress Natalie Portman....

.

One day you'll understand (Plus tard tu comprendras) (2008) is the story of a French writer tracing the story of his Jewish mother (Jeanne Moreau
Jeanne Moreau
Jeanne Moreau is a French actress, singer, screenwriter and director.She made her theatrical debut in 1947, and established herself as one of the leading actresses of the Comédie-Française...

) and her family during World War II. The film is based on an autobiographical book by Jerome Clement, president of the Arte
Arte
Arte is a Franco-German TV network. It is a European culture channel and aims to promote quality programming especially in areas of culture and the arts...

 television channel and one of the leading figures of French culture. The film was relatively well received, receiving a score of 65% "fresh" from Rotten Tomatoes.

Carmel (2009) was based on Gitai's personal memories and combines extracts from the diary and letters of Gitai's mother, Efratia (1909–2004), with interviews of family members. All the Gitai family members (Efratia, Keren, Ben, Rivka and Amos) participated in the film as well as actors Keren Mor, Makram Khoury
Makram Khoury
Makram J. Khoury is an Israeli Arab, born 30 May 1945 in Jerusalem. He was the youngest artist and the first Arab to win the Israel Prize, the highest civic honor in Israel. He is one of the most accomplished and well-known Israeli Arab actors.Today, Makram is active in films, on the stage, and on...

 and Hillel Lusky. Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a weighted average score of 40% "rotten," indicating a unfavourable reception.

Roses à crédit (2010) is an adaptation of the novel by Elsa Triolet
Elsa Triolet
Elsa Yur'evna Triolet was a French writer.-Biography:Born Ella Kagan into a Jewish family of a lawyer and a music teacher in Moscow, she and her sister, Lilya Brik received excellent educations; they were able to speak fluent German and French and play the piano...

 and takes a look at the materialist, post-war world of the French lower middle-class. The film shot entirely in France.

Gitai's films are not always popular with Israeli audiences; Kadosh and Kippur were well received, but his other films have not always found an audience. Some Israeli critics see Gitai's style as too "European" for Israel, and Village Voice critics called him "the Israeli nouvelle vague." Indeed, Gitai's films are considerably more popular in Europe whereas he is still somewhat of an outsider on the Israeli scene. Some Israeli critics also claim that Gitai's presentation of Israeli reality is often too simplistic for the Israeli audience and that it is an aspect of his films that non-Israeli audiences might take at face value.

To date Amos Gitai has created over 80 titles throughout 38 years. On 2008 Amos Gitai receives the Leopard of Honor at Locarno International Film Festival. This life-achievement award is offered in recognition of the work of renowned directors whose creativity has had an unquestionable impact on contemporary cinema.

Filmography

  • Bayit (1980)
  • Yoman Sadeh (1982)
  • Ananas (1984)
  • Esther (1986)
  • Berlin-Jerusalem (1989)
  • Golem, the Spirit of the Exile (1992)
  • Zihron Devarim (1995)
  • Zirat Ha'Rezach (1996)
  • Metamorphosis of a Melody
    Metamorphosis of a Melody
    Metamorphosis of a Melody is a 1996 Israeli drama film by Amos Gitai. The film starring Ronit Elkabetz and Samuel Fuller is based on The Jewish War by Josephus. It is a cinematic realisation of stage-based productions by Gitai.-Plot:The film follows Jewish resistance as they face a series of...

     (1996)
  • War and Peace in Vesoul (1997)
  • A House in Jerusalem (1998)
  • Tapuz (1998)
  • Zion, Auto-Emancipation (1998)
  • Yom Yom (1998)
  • Kadosh
    Kadosh
    Kadosh is a 1999 film by Israeli director Amos Gitai. It was entered into the 1999 Cannes Film Festival.-Plot:Kadosh is a bleak drama about the plight of women in Haredi society. In the opening scene, Meir , a young Talmudic scholar, thanks God in his morning prayers for not being born a woman...

     (1999)
  • Kippur
    Kippur
    Kippur is a 2000 Israeli drama war film directed by Amos Gitai. The storyline was conceived from a screenplay written by Gitai and Marie-Jose Sanselme; based on Gitai's own experiences as a member of a helicopter rescue crew during the 1973 Yom Kippur War...

     (2000)
  • Eden (2001)
  • Kedma (2002)
  • 11'09"01 September 11 (2002)
  • Alila
    Alila
    Alila is a 2003 Israeli film directed by Amos Gitai and starring Yaël Abecassis, Uri Klauzner, and Hanna Laslo. The drama follows half a dozen very different characters through their lives in modern day Israel, giving Gitai an opportunity to comment on his country's top social issues.The film...

     (2003)
  • Promised Land (2004)
  • Free Zone
    Free Zone (film)
    Free Zone is a 2005 film directed by Amos Gitai. Shot in Israel and Jordan, the Israel-Belgium-French-Spain production stars Israeli Jewish actress Hanna Laslo, Palestinian Arab actress Hiam Abbass, and Israeli-American actress Natalie Portman....

     (2005)
  • Disengagement
    Disengagement (film)
    Disengagement is a film directed by Amos Gitai, starring Juliette Binoche, with Jeanne Moreau in a supporting role. The film is a French/Italian/Israeli co-production, and was shot in France, Germany and Israel. It is the third film of Gitai's Border Trilogy.The film premiered at the 2007 Venice...

     (2007)
  • Plus Tard (2008)
  • Carmel (2009)
  • War of the Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness (2009)
  • Roses à crédit (2010)

Exhibitions, performances

  • Correspondence, Efrati Gitai – Letters, Museum of Art, Ein Harod, Israel, 2011
  • Traces - Munio Gitai – Weinraub, Museum of Art, Ein Harod, Israel, 2011
  • Traces, an installation at the Palais de Tokyo
    Palais de Tokyo
    The Palais de Tokyo is a building dedicated to modern and contemporary art, located at 13 avenue du Président-Wilson, near the Trocadéro, in the 16th arrondissement of Paris. The eastern wing of the building belongs the City of Paris and hosts the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris...

    , Paris, 2011
  • Lullaby for my father, a video presentation in Kibbutz Kfar Masaryk, Israel, 2010
  • The War of the Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness, (with Jeanne Moreau
    Jeanne Moreau
    Jeanne Moreau is a French actress, singer, screenwriter and director.She made her theatrical debut in 1947, and established herself as one of the leading actresses of the Comédie-Française...

    ), Festival d'Avignon
    Festival d'Avignon
    The Festival d'Avignon, or Avignon Festival, is an annual arts festival held in the French city of Avignon. Founded in 1947 by Jean Vilar, it is the oldest extant festival in France and one of the world's greatest...

    , France, 2009
  • Traces - Evento, Bordeaux
    Bordeaux
    Bordeaux is a port city on the Garonne River in the Gironde department in southwestern France.The Bordeaux-Arcachon-Libourne metropolitan area, has a population of 1,010,000 and constitutes the sixth-largest urban area in France. It is the capital of the Aquitaine region, as well as the prefecture...

    , 2009
  • Munio Weinraub / Amos Gitai - Architecture und Film in Israel, Pinakothek der Moderne, ArchitekturMuseum, Munich, 2008-2009
  • Munio Weinraub / Amos Gitai - Architecture and Film in Israel, Tel Aviv Museum, Tel Aviv Museum of Art
    Tel Aviv Museum of Art
    The Tel Aviv Museum of Art is an art museum in Tel Aviv, Israel. It was established in 1932 in a building that was the home of Tel Aviv's first mayor, Meir Dizengoff. The Helena Rubinstein Pavilion for Contemporary Art opened in 1959. The museum moved to its current location on King Saul Avenue in...

     2008-2009
  • Amos Gitai: Non-Fiction, MoMA
    Moma
    Moma may refer to:* Moma , an owlet moth genus* Moma Airport, a Russian public airport* Moma District, Nampula, Mozambique* Moma River, a right tributary of the Indigirka River* Google Moma, the Google corporate intranet...

     (Museum of Modern Art) New York, 2008
  • Exhibition in memory of his father Munia Gitai – Weinraub - Amos Gitai, Olivier Cinqualbre and Lionel Richard, Centre Pompidou, Paris 2006
  • Public Housing - long video presentation screens, Ein Harod Museum, Herzliya Museum, Saitama Museum of Modern Art, Saitama
    Saitama, Saitama
    ' is the capital and the most populous city of Saitama Prefecture in Japan, situated in the south-east of the prefecture. Its area incorporates the former cities of Urawa, Ōmiya, Yono and Iwatsuki. It is a city designated by government ordinance...

    , Japan, 2000
  • Open Shen Zen - Performance, Helena Rubinstein Pavilion, Tel - Aviv 1998
  • Exhibition in memory to his father - Munio Gitai – Weinraub, Jerusalem Museum
    Israel Museum
    The Israel Museum, Jerusalem was founded in 1965 as Israel's national museum. It is situated on a hill in the Givat Ram neighborhood of Jerusalem, near the Bible Lands Museum, the Knesset, the Israeli Supreme Court, and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem....

    , Israel, 1994

Books

  • Efratia Gitai – letters, Yediot books, Israel, 2011
  • Efratia Gitai, Correspondanc (1929–1994), Gallimard, Paris, 2010
  • Genèses, Jean-Michel Frodon, Amos Gitai, Marie-José Sanselme, Gallimard, Paris, 2009
  • Monte Carmelo, Amos Gitai, Bompiani, Milano, 2004
  • Parcours, Amos Gitai, Centre Pompidou, Paris, 2003
  • Mont Carmel, Amos Gitai, Gallimard, 2003
  • Munio Gitai Weinraub, Bauhaus architect in Israel, Richard Ingersoll, Electa, Milano, 1994
  • The War of the Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness, Amos Gitai, Mazzotta, Milano, 1993

Books on Amos Gitai's work

  • Cinema di Amos Gitai: Frontiere e territori (Il), Serge Toubiana, Bruno Mondadori, Torino, 2006
  • Amos Gitai: News from Home, Walther König, Köln, 2006
  • The Cinema of Amos Gitai,Serge Toubiana, Baptiste Piégay, Lincoln Center / Cahiers du cinéma, Paris, 2005
  • Amos Gitai, Serge Toubiana, Mostra internacional de cinema / Cosac Naify, São Paulo, 2004
  • Exilios y territories, el cine de Amos Gitai, Serge Toubiana, Baptiste Piégay, Semana Internacional de Cine, Valladolid, 2004
  • Exils et territoires: le cinéma d'Amos Gitai, Serge Toubiana, Baptiste Piégay, Arte Editions / Cahiers du cinéma, Paris, 2003
  • Amos Gitai, Cinema, Politics, Aesthetics,Irma Klein, KM, Tel Aviv, 2003
  • Amos Gitai, Cinema forza di pace, Edited by Daniela Turco, Le Mani, Genova, 2002
  • The Films of Amos Gitai, a Montage, Edited by Paul Willemen,, BFI Publishing, London, 1993
  • Amos Gitai, Edited by Alberto Farassino, Mostra Internazionale Riminicinema, Rimini, 1989

External links

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