Agencies of the European Union
Encyclopedia
An agency of the European Union is a decentralised body of the European Union
(EU), which are distinct from the institutions
. Agencies are established to accomplish specific tasks. Each agency has its own legal personality. Some answer the need to develop scientific or technical know-how in certain fields, others bring together different interest groups to facilitate dialogue at European and international level.
, but this structure was abolished with the entry into force of the Lisbon treaty
.
Attribution of the seat of EU agencies:
Recommended reading:
European Union
The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...
(EU), which are distinct from the institutions
Institutions of the European Union
The European Union is governed by seven institutions. Article 13 of Treaty on European Union lists them in the following order: the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council of the European Union, the European Commission, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European...
. Agencies are established to accomplish specific tasks. Each agency has its own legal personality. Some answer the need to develop scientific or technical know-how in certain fields, others bring together different interest groups to facilitate dialogue at European and international level.
List
Distinct from EU institutions, the agencies of the European Union were set up to accomplish very specific tasks such as promoting environmental protection, transport safety and multilingualism. They span Europe – Dublin to Stockholm, Warsaw to Lisbon – providing services, information and know-how to the general public. Most agencies were categorised under the three pillars of the European UnionThree pillars of the European Union
Between 1993 and 2009, the European Union legally consisted of three pillars. This structure was introduced with the Treaty of Maastricht on 1 November 1993, and was eventually abandoned on 1 December 2009 with the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon, when the EU obtained a consolidated legal...
, but this structure was abolished with the entry into force of the Lisbon treaty
Treaty of Lisbon
The Treaty of Lisbon of 1668 was a peace treaty between Portugal and Spain, concluded at Lisbon on 13 February 1668, through the mediation of England, in which Spain recognized the sovereignty of Portugal's new ruling dynasty, the House of Braganza....
.
| Official name | Abbreviation | Location | Member state | Established | Members and observers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Agency for Safety and Health at Work European Agency for Safety and Health at Work The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work was set up in 1996 in Bilbao, Spain. Its mission is "to make Europe's workplaces safer, healthier and more productive... |
EU-OSHA | Bilbao Bilbao Bilbao ) is a Spanish municipality, capital of the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country. With a population of 353,187 , it is the largest city of its autonomous community and the tenth largest in Spain... |
Spain | 1996 | members: EU states, European Commission European Commission The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union.... |
| European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training The European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training is an agency of the European Union.Established in 1975, Cedefop is located in Thessaloniki, Greece... |
Cedefop | Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Thessaloniki , historically also known as Thessalonica, Salonika or Salonica, is the second-largest city in Greece and the capital of the region of Central Macedonia as well as the capital of the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace... |
Greece | 1975 | members: EU states observers: Iceland, Norway |
| European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions The European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions' is a agency of the European Union, with offices located in Dublin, Ireland. It was set up by in May 1975 by the European Council to help improve living and working conditions across Europe.The Foundation focuses on... |
EUROFOUND | Dublin | Ireland | 1975 | members: EU states, European Commission European Commission The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union.... observers:EFTA European Free Trade Association The European Free Trade Association or EFTA is a free trade organisation between four European countries that operates parallel to, and is linked to, the European Union . EFTA was established on 3 May 1960 as a trade bloc-alternative for European states who were either unable to, or chose not to,... |
| European Environment Agency European Environment Agency European Environment Agency is an agency of the European Union. Its task is to provide sound, independent information on the environment. It is a major information source for those involved in developing, adopting, implementing and evaluating environmental policy, and also the general public... |
EEA | Copenhagen Copenhagen Copenhagen is the capital and largest city of Denmark, with an urban population of 1,199,224 and a metropolitan population of 1,930,260 . With the completion of the transnational Øresund Bridge in 2000, Copenhagen has become the centre of the increasingly integrating Øresund Region... |
Denmark | 1994 | members: EU states, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey co-operating: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia |
| European Training Foundation European Training Foundation The European Training Foundation is an agency of the European Union. Established in 1990, operational since 1994, the European Training Foundation is located in Turin, Italy.... |
ETF | Turin Turin Turin is a city and major business and cultural centre in northern Italy, capital of the Piedmont region, located mainly on the left bank of the Po River and surrounded by the Alpine arch. The population of the city proper is 909,193 while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat... |
Italy | 1994 | members: EU states, European Commission European Commission The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union.... |
| European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction is an agency of the European Union. Established in 1993, the EMCDDA is located in Lisbon, Portugal.-Mission and role:... |
EMCDDA | Lisbon Lisbon Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban... |
Portugal | 1993 | members: EU states, European Commission European Commission The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union.... , European Parliament European Parliament The European Parliament is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union . Together with the Council of the European Union and the Commission, it exercises the legislative function of the EU and it has been described as one of the most powerful legislatures in the world... , Norway observers: Turkey |
| European Medicines Agency European Medicines Agency The European Medicines Agency is a European agency for the evaluation of medicinal products. From 1995 to 2004, the European Medicines Agency was known as European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products.Roughly parallel to the U.S... |
EMA | London | United Kingdom | 1995 | members: EU states, European Commission European Commission The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union.... , European Parliament European Parliament The European Parliament is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union . Together with the Council of the European Union and the Commission, it exercises the legislative function of the EU and it has been described as one of the most powerful legislatures in the world... observers: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway |
| Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market The Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market , or OHIM is the trademark and designs registry for the internal market of the European Union. It is based in Alicante, Spain, and its president is António Campinos.- Task :... |
OHIM | Alicante Alicante Alicante or Alacant is a city in Spain, the capital of the province of Alicante and of the comarca of Alacantí, in the south of the Valencian Community. It is also a historic Mediterranean port. The population of the city of Alicante proper was 334,418, estimated , ranking as the second-largest... |
Spain | 1999 | members: EU states, European Commission European Commission The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union.... |
| Community Plant Variety Office Community Plant Variety Office The Community Plant Variety Office is an agency of the European Union, located in Angers, France. It was established in 1994. Its task is to administer a system of plant variety rights, also known as plant breeders' rights, a form of intellectual property right relating to plants... |
CPVO | Angers Angers Angers is the main city in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France about south-west of Paris. Angers is located in the French region known by its pre-revolutionary, provincial name, Anjou, and its inhabitants are called Angevins.... |
France | 1994 | members: EU states, European Commission European Commission The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union.... |
| Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union The Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union is an agency of the European Union. Established in 1994, the Translation Centre is located in Luxembourg City.... |
CdT | Luxembourg | Luxembourg | 1994 | members: EU states, European Commission European Commission The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union.... |
| European Food Safety Authority European Food Safety Authority The European Food Safety Authority is an agency of the European Union that provides independent scientific advice and communication on existing and emerging risks associated with the food chain, created by European Regulation 178/2002.... |
EFSA | Parma Parma Parma is a city in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna famous for its ham, its cheese, its architecture and the fine countryside around it. This is the home of the University of Parma, one of the oldest universities in the world.... |
Italy | 2002 | |
| European Maritime Safety Agency European Maritime Safety Agency The European Maritime Safety Agency is a European Union agency charged with reducing the risk of maritime accidents, marine pollution from ships and the loss of human lives at sea by helping to enforce the pertinent EU legislation... |
EMSA | Lisbon Lisbon Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban... |
Portugal | 2002 | members: EU states, European Commission European Commission The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union.... , Iceland, Norway |
| European Aviation Safety Agency European Aviation Safety Agency The European Aviation Safety Agency is an agency of the European Union with offices in Cologne, Germany, which has been given regulatory and executive tasks in the field of civilian aviation safety. It was created on 15 July 2002, and it reached full functionality in 2008, taking over functions... |
EASA | Cologne Cologne Cologne is Germany's fourth-largest city , and is the largest city both in the Germany Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Area, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants.Cologne is located on both sides of the... |
Germany | 2003 | members: EU states, European Commission European Commission The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union.... , Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland observers: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, UNMIK |
| European Network and Information Security Agency European Network and Information Security Agency The European Network and Information Security Agency is an agency of the European Union.ENISA was created in 2004 by EU and is fully operational since September 1st, 2005... |
ENISA | Heraklion Heraklion Heraklion, or Heraclion is the largest city and the administrative capital of the island of Crete, Greece. It is the 4th largest city in Greece.... |
Greece | 2005 | members: EU states |
| European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control is an independent agency of the European Union aimed at strengthening Europe's defences against infectious diseases. It was established in 2005 and is located in Solna, Sweden.... |
ECDC | Stockholm Stockholm Stockholm is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 851,155 in the municipality , 1.37 million in the urban area , and around 2.1 million in the metropolitan area... |
Sweden | 2005 | members: EU states, European Commission European Commission The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union.... , European Parliament European Parliament The European Parliament is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union . Together with the Council of the European Union and the Commission, it exercises the legislative function of the EU and it has been described as one of the most powerful legislatures in the world... observers: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway |
| European GNSS Agency | GSA | Brussels Brussels Brussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union... |
Belgium | 2004 | members: EU states, European Commission European Commission The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union.... observers: Norway, European Space Agency European Space Agency The European Space Agency , established in 1975, is an intergovernmental organisation dedicated to the exploration of space, currently with 18 member states... |
| European Railway Agency European Railway Agency The European Railway Agency is one of the agencies of the European Union. The decision to set up the agency was made in April 2004. The agency has two main sites, both in Nord Department, France... |
ERA | Valenciennes Valenciennes Valenciennes is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.It lies on the Scheldt river. Although the city and region had seen a steady decline between 1975 and 1990, it has since rebounded... and Lille Lille Lille is a city in northern France . It is the principal city of the Lille Métropole, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the country behind those of Paris, Lyon and Marseille. Lille is situated on the Deûle River, near France's border with Belgium... |
France | 2004 | members: EU states, European Commission European Commission The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union.... , Norway |
| European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union Frontex Frontex is the European Union agency for external border security... |
Frontex | Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most... |
Poland | 2005 | |
| Community Fisheries Control Agency Community Fisheries Control Agency The Community Fisheries Control Agency is an agency of the European Union based in Vigo, Spain. Its goals are to co-ordinate the operational activities of Member States in the area of fisheries, and provide assistance to the Member States in their application of the CFP.- External links :*... |
CFCA | Vigo Vigo Vigo is a city and municipality in north-west Spain, in Galicia, situated on the ria of the same name on the Atlantic Ocean.-Population:... |
Spain | 2005 | members: EU states, European Commission European Commission The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union.... |
| European Chemicals Agency European Chemicals Agency The European Chemicals Agency is an agency of the European Union which manages the technical, scientific and administrative aspects of the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals system... |
ECHA | Helsinki Helsinki Helsinki is the capital and largest city in Finland. It is in the region of Uusimaa, located in southern Finland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, an arm of the Baltic Sea. The population of the city of Helsinki is , making it by far the most populous municipality in Finland. Helsinki is... |
Finland | 2007 | members: EU states, European Commission European Commission The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union.... , European Parliament European Parliament The European Parliament is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union . Together with the Council of the European Union and the Commission, it exercises the legislative function of the EU and it has been described as one of the most powerful legislatures in the world... observers: Iceland, Norway |
| European Institute for Gender Equality European Institute for Gender Equality The European Institute for Gender Equality is a Vilnius-based agency of the European Union inaugurated on 2007. It was established by Council Regulation No 1922/2006 of 20 December 2006... |
EIGE | Vilnius Vilnius Vilnius is the capital of Lithuania, and its largest city, with a population of 560,190 as of 2010. It is the seat of the Vilnius city municipality and of the Vilnius district municipality. It is also the capital of Vilnius County... |
Lithuania | 2007 | members: EU states |
| European Defence Agency European Defence Agency The European Defence Agency is an agency of the European Union based in Brussels. It is a Common Foreign and Security Policy body set up on 12 July 2004, reporting to the Council of the European Union. All EU member states, except Denmark which has an opt-out of the CFSP, take part in the agency... |
EDA | Brussels Brussels Brussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union... |
Belgium | 2004 | members: EU states without Denmark; European Commission European Commission The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union.... participant: Norway |
| European Institute for Security Studies | ISS | Paris | France | 2001 | |
| European Union Satellite Centre European Union Satellite Centre The European Union Satellite Centre is an agency of the European Union's Council of Ministers which gathers information through satellite images.... |
EUSC | Torrejón de Ardoz Torrejón de Ardoz Torrejón de Ardoz is a town in the urban area of Madrid, Spain that has about 110,000 inhabitants.It is a town 20 km east of Madrid on the NII highway . It is essentially a dormitory town, mostly consisting of apartments. It can be reached by bus from Av... |
Spain | 2002 | |
| European Police College European Police College CEPOL - European Police College was established as an agency of the European Union in 2005 . CEPOL brings together senior police officers across Europe with the aim to encourage cross-border cooperation in the fight against crime, maintenance of public security and law and order... |
CEPOL | Bramshill Bramshill Bramshill is a civil parish in the English county of Hampshire. Its name has become synonymous with the Police Staff College, Bramshill located in Bramshill House. Bramshill forms part of the district of Hart... |
United Kingdom | 2001 | members: EU states associates: Iceland, Norway, Switzerland |
| European Police Office | Europol | The Hague The Hague The Hague is the capital city of the province of South Holland in the Netherlands. With a population of 500,000 inhabitants , it is the third largest city of the Netherlands, after Amsterdam and Rotterdam... |
The Netherlands | 1999 | |
| European body for the enhancement of judicial co-operation Eurojust Eurojust is an agency of the European Union dealing with judicial co-operation in criminal matters.... |
Eurojust | The Hague | The Netherlands | 2002 | |
| Fundamental Rights Agency | FRA | Vienna Vienna Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre... |
Austria | 2007 | members: EU states, European Commission European Commission The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union.... , Council of Europe Council of Europe The Council of Europe is an international organisation promoting co-operation between all countries of Europe in the areas of legal standards, human rights, democratic development, the rule of law and cultural co-operation... |
| European Systemic Risk Board European Systemic Risk Board The European Systemic Risk Board was established on 16 December 2010 in response to the ongoing financial crisis. It is tasked with the macro-prudential oversight of the financial system within the Union in order to contribute to the prevention or mitigation of systemic risks to financial... |
ESRB | Frankfurt | Germany | 2010 | |
| European Banking Authority European Banking Authority The European Banking Authority is a regulatory agency of the European Union headquartered in London, United Kingdom. Its activities include conducting stress tests on European banks to increase transparency in the European financial system by identifying weaknesses in banks' capital structures... |
EBA | London | United Kingdom | 2011 | |
| European Security and Market Authority | ESMA | Paris | France | 2011 | |
| European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority | EIOPA | Frankfurt | Germany | 2011 |
Proposed agencies
| Official name | Abbreviation | Location | Member state | Established | Members and observers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body of European Regulators of Electronic Communications Body of European Regulators of Electronic Communications The Body of European Regulators of Electronic Communications is the regulating agency of the telecommunication market in the European Union. It was created by the Telecoms Package which was passed in September 2009.... |
BEREC | Riga Riga Riga is the capital and largest city of Latvia. With 702,891 inhabitants Riga is the largest city of the Baltic states, one of the largest cities in Northern Europe and home to more than one third of Latvia's population. The city is an important seaport and a major industrial, commercial,... |
Latvia | 2010 | members: EU states, European Commission European Commission The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union.... |
| Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators The European Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators is an Agency of the European Union by the 3rd Liberalisation Package in 2009. Its seat is Ljubljana, Slovenia.... |
ACER | Ljubljana Ljubljana Ljubljana is the capital of Slovenia and its largest city. It is the centre of the City Municipality of Ljubljana. It is located in the centre of the country in the Ljubljana Basin, and is a mid-sized city of some 270,000 inhabitants... |
Slovenia | 2011 | |
| European Space Agency European Space Agency The European Space Agency , established in 1975, is an intergovernmental organisation dedicated to the exploration of space, currently with 18 member states... |
ESA | Paris | France | 2014 | members: EU states without Bulgaria, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia; Norway, Switzerland associates: Canada |
| European Asylum Support Office | EASO | Valletta Harbour | Malta | 2011 | |
| European Agency for the operational management of large-scale IT systems in the area of freedom, security and justice | Tallinn | Estonia | 2012 |
Former agencies
| Official name | Abbreviation | Location | Member state | Established | Members and observers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Agency for Reconstruction European Agency for Reconstruction The European Agency for Reconstruction used to manage EU's main assistance programmes in Serbia, Kosovo , Montenegro and the Republic of Macedonia. The Agency was headquartered in Thessaloniki, Greece, with operational centres in Pristina , Belgrade , Podgorica and Skopje... |
EAR | Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Thessaloniki , historically also known as Thessalonica, Salonika or Salonica, is the second-largest city in Greece and the capital of the region of Central Macedonia as well as the capital of the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace... |
Greece | 2000 | members: EU states, European Commission European Commission The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union.... |
Executive agencies
Executive agencies are created by European Commission for a fixed period.- Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation (EACI), located in BrusselsBrusselsBrussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union...
- Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive AgencyEducation, Audiovisual and Culture Executive AgencyThe Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency is an agency of the European Union, established on January 1, 2006, to manage parts of the Union's programs in education, culture, and audiovisual fields. It is part of the European Commission....
(EACEA), located in BrusselsBrusselsBrussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union... - Executive Agency for Health and Consumers (EAHC), located in Luxembourg
- Trans-European Transport Network Executive AgencyTrans-European Transport Network Executive AgencyThe Trans-European Transport Network Executive Agency is an executive agency established by the European Commission in October 2006 in order to realise the technical and financial implementation of the TEN-T programme....
(TEN-T EA), located in BrusselsBrusselsBrussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union... - Research Executive Agency (REA), located in BrusselsBrusselsBrussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union...
- European Research Council Executive Agency (ERC), located in BrusselsBrusselsBrussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union...
See also
- Directorate-GeneralDirectorate-GeneralA Directorate-General is a branch of an administration dedicated to a specific field of expertise.* The European Commission: Commission Directorates-General are each headed by a European Commissioner;* The European Patent Office: EPO Directorates-General;...
- European integrationEuropean integrationEuropean integration is the process of industrial, political, legal, economic integration of states wholly or partially in Europe...
– participation by non-EU states in EU initiatives - Euratom Supply Agency (Luxembourg)
External links
The following links are all part of the official EU-website.Attribution of the seat of EU agencies:
Recommended reading: