Abbas Mirza
Encyclopedia
Prince
, Field-Marshal Abbas Mirza (عباس میرزا آملی in Persian
) born Amol
city (August 26, 1789 - October 25, 1833), was a Qajar crown prince
of Persia
. He developed a reputation as a military commander during wars with Russia
and the Ottoman Empire
, as an early modernizer of Persia's armed forces and institutions, and for his death before his father, Fath Ali Shah. Abbas was an intelligent prince, possessed some literary taste, and is noteworthy on account of the comparative simplicity of his life.
and Napoleon, anxious to checkmate one another in the East. Preferring the friendship of France
, Abbas Mirza continued the war against Russia's General Kotlyarevsky, but his new ally could give him very little assistance. Kotlyarevsky defeated the numerically superior Persian army in the Battle of Aslanduz
and in October, 1813, Persia was compelled to make a disadvantageous peace, ceding some territory in the Caucasus
(present-day Georgia
, Dagestan
, and most of the Republic of Azerbaijan).
He gained some victories during the war 1821 war between the Ottoman Empire and Persia, resulting in a peace treaty signed in 1823 after the Battle of Erzurum
. The war was a victory for Persia. His second war with Russia
, which began in 1826, ended in a string of costly defeats after which Persia was forced to cede nearly all of its Armenia
n territories and Nakhchivan. When the peace treaty was signed in February, 1828, Abbas Mirza sought to restore order in the province of Khorasan, which was nominally under Persian supremacy, and while engaged in the task died at Mashhad
in 1833. In 1834 his eldest son, Mohammed Mirza, succeeded Fath Ali Shah as the next king. R. G. Watson (History of Persia, 128-9) describes him as “the noblest of the Kajar race”.
He is most remembered for his valor in battle and his failed attempts to modernize the Persian army. He was not successful in part due to the lack of government centralization in Iran during the era. Furthermore, it was Abbas Mirza who first dispatched Iranian students to Europe for a western education.
Prince
Prince is a general term for a ruler, monarch or member of a monarch's or former monarch's family, and is a hereditary title in the nobility of some European states. The feminine equivalent is a princess...
, Field-Marshal Abbas Mirza (عباس میرزا آملی in Persian
Persian language
Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence...
) born Amol
Amol
Amol is a city in and the capital of Amol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 197,470, in 55,183 families.Amol and the old part of town is the first of the four towns that populate the world in which there is Nzamyh...
city (August 26, 1789 - October 25, 1833), was a Qajar crown prince
Crown Prince
A crown prince or crown princess is the heir or heiress apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy. The wife of a crown prince is also titled crown princess....
of Persia
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
. He developed a reputation as a military commander during wars with Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
and the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
, as an early modernizer of Persia's armed forces and institutions, and for his death before his father, Fath Ali Shah. Abbas was an intelligent prince, possessed some literary taste, and is noteworthy on account of the comparative simplicity of his life.
Biography
He was a younger son of Fath Ali Shah, but on account of his mother's royal birth was destined by his father to succeed him. Entrusted with the government of a part of Persia, he sought to rule it in European fashion, and employed officers to reorganize his army. He was soon at war with Russia, and his aid was eagerly solicited by both EnglandEngland
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
and Napoleon, anxious to checkmate one another in the East. Preferring the friendship of France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, Abbas Mirza continued the war against Russia's General Kotlyarevsky, but his new ally could give him very little assistance. Kotlyarevsky defeated the numerically superior Persian army in the Battle of Aslanduz
Battle of Aslanduz
The Battle of Aslanduz occurred on October 31, 1812, between Russia and Persia. The 10-times numerically superior Persians were led by Abbas Mirza. The Russians, led by the charismatic General Pyotr Kotlyarevsky, were victorious and stormed Lenkoran in the beginning of 1813, thus ending any Persian...
and in October, 1813, Persia was compelled to make a disadvantageous peace, ceding some territory in the Caucasus
Caucasus
The Caucasus, also Caucas or Caucasia , is a geopolitical region at the border of Europe and Asia, and situated between the Black and the Caspian sea...
(present-day Georgia
Georgia (country)
Georgia is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the southwest by Turkey, to the south by Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of...
, Dagestan
Dagestan
The Republic of Dagestan is a federal subject of Russia, located in the North Caucasus region. Its capital and the largest city is Makhachkala, located at the center of Dagestan on the Caspian Sea...
, and most of the Republic of Azerbaijan).
He gained some victories during the war 1821 war between the Ottoman Empire and Persia, resulting in a peace treaty signed in 1823 after the Battle of Erzurum
Battle of Erzurum
The Battle of Erzurum is the name of several battles throughout history that have been fought over control of Erzurum in western Turkey. Among the most notable were:* Battle of Erzurum - Byzantine cavalry defeats Muslims during the Byzantine-Muslim Wars...
. The war was a victory for Persia. His second war with Russia
Russo-Persian War, 1826-1828
The Russo-Persian War of 1826-1828 was the last major military conflict between the Russian Empire and the Persian Empire.After the Treaty of Gulistan concluded the previous Russo-Persian War in 1813, peace reigned in the Caucasus for thirteen years...
, which began in 1826, ended in a string of costly defeats after which Persia was forced to cede nearly all of its Armenia
Armenia
Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...
n territories and Nakhchivan. When the peace treaty was signed in February, 1828, Abbas Mirza sought to restore order in the province of Khorasan, which was nominally under Persian supremacy, and while engaged in the task died at Mashhad
Mashhad
Mashhad , is the second largest city in Iran and one of the holiest cities in the Shia Muslim world. It is also the only major Iranian city with an Arabic name. It is located east of Tehran, at the center of the Razavi Khorasan Province close to the borders of Afghanistan and Turkmenistan. Its...
in 1833. In 1834 his eldest son, Mohammed Mirza, succeeded Fath Ali Shah as the next king. R. G. Watson (History of Persia, 128-9) describes him as “the noblest of the Kajar race”.
He is most remembered for his valor in battle and his failed attempts to modernize the Persian army. He was not successful in part due to the lack of government centralization in Iran during the era. Furthermore, it was Abbas Mirza who first dispatched Iranian students to Europe for a western education.
Sons
- Prince Mohammed Mirza, to become Mohammad Shah QajarMohammad Shah QajarMohammad Shah Qajar was king of Persia from the Qajar dynasty .- Rise to power :...
- Prince Bahram MirzaBahram MirzaBahram Mirza Moezz-od-Dowleh Qajar was the second son of Abbas Mirza who was the youngest son of Fat'h Ali Shah Qajar. He was an educated and erudite man expert on many subjects, which won him the nickname of Mollah Bahram...
Mo'ez ed-Dowleh - Prince Djahangir MirzaDjahangir MirzaPrince Djahangir Mirza Persian Prince of Qajar Dynasty, was the third son of Abbas Mirza, the crown prince and governor of Azerbaijan, who in turn was the son of Fat′h Ali Shah Qajar, the second Shah of the Qajar dynasty....
- Prince Bahman Mirza Baha'a ed-Dowleh
- Prince Fereydoun MirzaFereydoun MirzaPrince Fereydoon Mirza Persian Prince of Qajar Dynasty, was the 5th son of Abbas Mirza, then crown prince of Persia. When becoming Vice-Governor of Azerbaijan in 1831, he was bestowed with the title of "Nayeb-ol Ayalah", Prince Governor of Azerbaijan in 1835, and of Fars from 1836 to 1840, in...
Nayeb-ol-Eyaleh - Prince Eskandar MirzaEskandar Mirza (Qajar)Prince Eskandar Mirza Perian Prince of Qajar Dynasty, was the son of Abbas Mirza and grandson of Fat'h Ali Shah Qajar. He was governor of Khoy and Salmas 1832-1834 and governor of Qazvin 1848-1852. He died at the age of 46, 1856 in Tabriz. He is the ancestor of Eskandari-Qajar...
- Prince Khosrow MirzaKhosrow MirzaPrince Khosro Mirza , Persian Prince of Qajar Dynasty, was the 7th son of Abbas Mirza and brother of Djahangir Mirza.In 1829 Alexander Griboyedov, the Russian diplomat and play writer was killed in the encirclement of the Russia embassy in Tehran...
- Prince Ghahreman Mirza
- Prince Ardeshir Mirza Rokn ed-Dowleh
- Prince Ahmad Mirza Mo'in ed-Dowleh
- Prince Ja'far Gholi Mirza
- Prince Mostafa Gholi Mirza
- Prince Soltan Morad Mirza Hessam-al-Saltaneh
- Prince Manouchehr Mirza
- Prince Farhad Mirza Mo'tamed ed-Dowleh
- Prince Firouz MirzaNosrat Dowleh Firouz MirzaFirouz Mirza Nosrat ed-Dowleh Persian prince of Qajar Dynasty, was the 16th son of crown prince Abbas Mirza and fll-brother of Khanlar Mirza.- Offspring :...
Nosrat ed-Dowleh - Prince Khanlar MirzaKhanlar MirzaKhanlar Mirza whose royal title was Ehteshami ed-Dowleh was commander of Nasser al-Din Shah's forces in Bushehr during the Anglo-Persian War. He was the seventeenth son of Abbas Mirza.- Biography :...
Ehtesham ed-Dowleh - Prince Bahador Mirza
- Prince Mohammad Rahim Mirza
- Prince Mehdi Gholi Mirza
- Prince Hamzeh Mirza Heshmat ed-Dowleh
- Prince Ildirim Bayazid Mirza
- Prince Lotfollah Mirza Shoa'a ed-Dowleh
- Prince Mohammad Karim Mirza
- Prince Ja'ffar Mirza
- Prince Abdollah Mirza