1935 Tour de France
Encyclopedia
The 1935 Tour de France was the 29th Tour de France
Tour de France
The Tour de France is an annual bicycle race held in France and nearby countries. First staged in 1903, the race covers more than and lasts three weeks. As the best known and most prestigious of cycling's three "Grand Tours", the Tour de France attracts riders and teams from around the world. The...

, taking place July 4 to July 28, 1935. It consisted of 21 stages over 4,338 km, ridden at an average speed of 30.650 km/h. Although the French team was favourite, Belgian Romain Maes took the lead in the first stage, and never gave it away. Halfway the race, Romain Maes' biggest threat, Antonin Magne, had to abandon after he was hit by a car.

In the eighth stage, Spanish cyclist Francisco Cepeda fell while he was descending at high speed, and died while he was transported to the hospital.

Changes from the 1934 Tour de France

This was the first Tour that had a stage finish and start in a city that wasn't in France, when Geneva
Geneva
Geneva In the national languages of Switzerland the city is known as Genf , Ginevra and Genevra is the second-most-populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandie, the French-speaking part of Switzerland...

 was visited in the fifth stage.

The prize money increased in 1935, and for the first time it was more than one million Francs.

Participants

As was the custom since the 1930 Tour de France
1930 Tour de France
The 1930 Tour de France was the 24th Tour de France, taking place from 2 to 27 July 1930. It consisted of 21 stages over 4,822 km, ridden at an average speed of 28.000 km/h....

, the 1935 Tour de France was contested by national teams. Belgium, Italy, Spain, Germany and France each sent teams of 8 cyclists. Then there were the individuals: each country also sent four cyclists who rode as individuals, but could take over the place of another cyclists if they dropped out. Spain only sent three cyclists, and Swiss sent four individual cyclists even though they did not have a national team, so 23 individual cyclists were racing. Finally, there was the touriste-routiers category, in which 30 cyclists participated. In total this made 93 cyclists. Split up in nationalities, there were 41 French, 13 Italian, 12 Belgian, 12 German, 11 Spanish and 4 Swiss cyclists.

The French team looked very strong, as it contained the three winners of the last five Tours, Antonin Magne
Antonin Magne
Antonin Magne was a French cyclist who won the Tour de France in 1931 and 1934. He raced as a professional from 1927 to 1939 and then became a team manager...

, Georges Speicher
Georges Speicher
Georges Speicher was a French cyclist who won the 1933 Tour de France along with three stage wins, and the 1933 World Cycling Championship.- Palmarès :19311932...

 and André Leducq
André Leducq
André Leducq was a French cyclist who won the 1930 and 1932 Tour de France.-Career:...

, in addition to climber René Vietto
René Vietto
René Vietto was a French road racing cyclist.In the 1934 Tour de France, Vietto, a relative unknown, got wings on the mountains. This was not a surprise, because he had won the Grand Prix Wolber. He was prepared for the Alps and won easily on the steepest terrain...

 and Maurice Archambaud
Maurice Archambaud
Maurice Archambaud was a French professional cyclist from 1932 to 1944. His short stature earned him the nickname of le nabot, or "the dwarf", but colossal thighs made him an exceptional rider....

, who had led the general classification for a long time in 1933. In addition, they had Roger Lapébie
Roger Lapébie
Roger Lapébie was a French racing cyclist who won the 1937 Tour de France. In addition, Lapébie won the 1934 and 1937 editions of the Critérium National. He was born at Bayonne, Aquitaine, and died in Pessac....

 and Charles Pélissier
Charles Pélissier
Charles Pélissier was a French racing cyclist, professional between 1922 and 1939, who won 16 stages in the Tour de France. The number of eight stages won in the 1930 Tour de France is still a record, shared with Eddy Merckx and Freddy Maertens...

 riding as individuals, which meant that they could take the place of a French team member dropping out.

Of the other teams, the Belgian and Italian teams seemed most likely to challenge the French.

Race details

In the first stage, Belgian Romain Maes was lucky as he passed a train crossing just before it closed, while the rest had to wait. Romain Maes was one minute ahead, and although he was chased, the others could not capture him.

In the second stage, Romain Maes was less lucky, as several flat tires put him nine minutes behind the peloton
Peloton
The peloton , field, bunch or pack is the large main group of riders in a road bicycle race. Riders in a group save energy by riding close near other riders...

. The Belgian team chased for 70 km to get him back with the rest. The stage was won by French sprinter Charles Pélissier. Romain Maes and Charles Pélissier were now ranked first and second, but nobody expected them to remain on top of the general classification.

On the fourth stage, the French team performed bad; the first French cyclist came in tenth place, and Romain Maes increased his leading margin to over five minutes.

In the second part of the fifth stage, Romain Maes performed unexpectedly well, as he lost only 38 seconds to Magne, a time trial specialist. Magne was in second place in the general classification, about four minutes behind Romain Maes.

The sixth stage, the first in the Alps, was perfect for a climber as Vietto, and he indeed took the victory solo. Magne was still about four minutes behind Romain Maes. In the seventh stage, Magne was hit by a car, and had to abandon the race. Later in that stage, Spanish cyclist Francisco Cepeda died after he fell going down the Galibier. One of his tires had peeled of his rim, which caused him to crash at high speed. Because Magne was out of the race, Vasco Bergamaschi
Vasco Bergamaschi
Vasco Bergamaschi was an Italian professional road racing cyclist.Born in San Giacomo delle Segnate, Lombardy, Bergamaschi turned professional in 1930. The highlight of his career was his overall win in the 1935 Giro d'Italia, thanks to the collaboration of his teammate Learco Guerra...

 became the new number two of the general classification, more than twelve minutes behind Romain Maes. In the ninth stage, Bergamaschi lost half an hour, and was out of contention for the victory. René Vietto won the stage, with Francesco Camusso
Francesco Camusso
Francesco Camusso was an Italian professional road racing cyclist.Camusso was born in Cumiana, Piedmont, and is ranked among the best Italian climbers ever. In his second year as professional, he won the 1931 Giro d'Italia...

 a few seconds behind him. Romain Maes lost almost ten minutes, and Camusso jumped to the second place in the general classification, three and a half minute behind Romain Maes.

In the tenth, eleventh and twelfth stage, Romain Maes won some time on Camusso. The second part of the thirteenth stage was a team time trial, in which the French team beat the Belgian team by 27 seconds, and had Speicher get within 9 minutes of Maes in the general classification. In the second part of the fourteenth stage, however, Romain Maes finished in second place, and thereby increased his lead in the general classification to more than ten minutes on Speicher, who had jumped to second place.

In the fifteenth stage, the Pyrénées were climbed. Belgian cyclists Felicien Vervaecke
Félicien Vervaecke
Félicien Vervaecke was a Belgian professional cyclist from 1930 to 1939. In the Tour de France he showed good results, finishing three times on the podium...

 and Sylvère Maes
Sylvère Maes
Sylvère Maes was a Belgian cyclist, who is most famous for winning the Tour de France in 1936 and 1939.- Palmarès :1932...

 were ahead and beat the others by minutes. The first three places in the general classification were now occupied by Belgian cyclists, with Romain Maes, Vervaecke and Sylvère Maes.

In the sixteenth stage Romain Maes ran into troubles for the first time in 1935. The Belgian team controlled the race over the first three mountains, but on the fourth, the Aubisque, Italians Ambrogio Morelli
Ambrogio Morelli
Ambrogio Morelli was an Italian professional road bicycle racer.- Palmarès :1929Ambrogio Morelli was an Italian professional road bicycle racer.- Palmarès :1929Ambrogio Morelli was an Italian...

 and Orlando Teani escaped. Morelli won the stage and took the time bonus, and Romain Maes needed his team mates to keep his losses small. Vervaecke and Jules Lowie
Jules Lowie
Jules Lowie was a Belgian racing cyclist. His major win was Paris–Nice in 1938.A native of the East Flanders town of Nokere, Jules Lowie died in Deinze two months short of his 47th birthday.- Palmares :...

 helped him to keep it only six minutes, and Romain Maes was still ahead in the general classification, although only two and a half minute ahead of Morelli.

In the first half of the eighteenth stage, Morelli lost ten minutes. Jean Aerts
Jean Aerts
Jean Aerts was a Belgian road bicycle racer who specialized as a sprinter. Aerts became the first man to win both the world amateur and professional road race championships...

 crossed the finish line first in that stage, but he was set to second place by the jury because he had sprinted irregularly. Maes finished second in the second part of that stage, and increased his lead even more. Initially Jean Fontenay was declared winner of that stage, but he got a penalty of five minutes after the jury found out he had been helped by a car.

Romain Maes finished the Tour by escaping in the last stage, and finishing alone in Paris.

Stage winners

Stages 5, 13, 14, 18, 19 and 20 are retroactively seen as split stages, always between a standard mass-start stage and a time trial stage. In 1935, the mass-start stages were seen as a normal stage, and the time trial stages were not numbered.
Stages 5B, 14B and 18B were individual time trial
Individual time trial
An individual time trial is a road bicycle race in which cyclists race alone against the clock . There are also track-based time trials where riders compete in velodromes, and team time trials...

s, while stages 13B, 19B and 20B where team time trial
Team time trial
A team time trial is a road-based bicycle race in which teams of cyclists race against the clock .Teams start at equal intervals, usually two, three or four minutes apart...

s. In the team time trials in 1935, cyclists started together in teams, but unlike current team time trials it was the individual time that counted; the team time trial was not won by a team but by a cyclist.
Stage results
Stage Date Route TerrainIn 1935, there was no distinction in the rules between plain stages and mountain stages; the icons shown here indicate whether the stage was run as a time trial, the stage was flat or the stage included mountains that counted towards the mountains classification. Length Winner
1 4 July Paris – Lille
Lille
Lille is a city in northern France . It is the principal city of the Lille Métropole, the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the country behind those of Paris, Lyon and Marseille. Lille is situated on the Deûle River, near France's border with Belgium...

 
Plain stage
262 km (162.8 mi)
2 5 July Lille – Charleville
Charleville, Marne
Charleville is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France....

 
Plain stage
192 km (119.3 mi)
3 6 July Charleville – Metz
Metz
Metz is a city in the northeast of France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers.Metz is the capital of the Lorraine region and prefecture of the Moselle department. Located near the tripoint along the junction of France, Germany, and Luxembourg, Metz forms a central place...

 
Plain stage
161 km (100 mi)
4 7 July Metz – Belfort
Belfort
Belfort is a commune in the Territoire de Belfort department in Franche-Comté in northeastern France and is the prefecture of the department. It is located on the Savoureuse, on the strategically important natural route between the Rhine and the Rhône – the Belfort Gap or Burgundian Gate .-...

 
Stage with mountain(s)
220 km (136.7 mi)
5A 8 July Belfort – Geneva
Geneva
Geneva In the national languages of Switzerland the city is known as Genf , Ginevra and Genevra is the second-most-populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandie, the French-speaking part of Switzerland...

, Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....

 
Plain stage
262 km (162.8 mi)
5B Geneva – Evian
Évian-les-Bains
Évian-les-Bains or Évian is a commune in the northern part of the Haute-Savoie department in the Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France...

 
Individual time trial
Individual time trial
An individual time trial is a road bicycle race in which cyclists race alone against the clock . There are also track-based time trials where riders compete in velodromes, and team time trials...

 
58 km (36 mi)
6 10 July Evian – Aix-les-Bains
Aix-les-Bains
Aix-les-Bains is a commune in the Savoie department in the Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.It is situated on the shore of Lac du Bourget, by rail north of Chambéry.-Geography:...

 
Stage with mountain(s)
207 km (128.6 mi)
7 11 July Aix-les-Bains – Grenoble
Grenoble
Grenoble is a city in southeastern France, at the foot of the French Alps where the river Drac joins the Isère. Located in the Rhône-Alpes region, Grenoble is the capital of the department of Isère...

 
Stage with mountain(s)
229 km (142.3 mi)
8 12 July Grenoble – Gap 
Stage with mountain(s)
102 km (63.4 mi)
9 13 July Gap – Digne 
Stage with mountain(s)
227 km (141.1 mi)
10 14 July Digne – Nice 
Plain stage
156 km (96.9 mi)
11 16 July Nice – Cannes
Cannes
Cannes is one of the best-known cities of the French Riviera, a busy tourist destination and host of the annual Cannes Film Festival. It is a Commune of France in the Alpes-Maritimes department....

 
Stage with mountain(s)
126 km (78.3 mi)
12 17 July Cannes – Marseille
Marseille
Marseille , known in antiquity as Massalia , is the second largest city in France, after Paris, with a population of 852,395 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Marseille extends beyond the city limits with a population of over 1,420,000 on an area of...

 
Plain stage
195 km (121.2 mi)
13A 18 July Marseille – Nîmes
Nîmes
Nîmes is the capital of the Gard department in the Languedoc-Roussillon region in southern France. Nîmes has a rich history, dating back to the Roman Empire, and is a popular tourist destination.-History:...

 
Plain stage
112 km (69.6 mi)
13B Nîmes – Montpellier
Montpellier
-Neighbourhoods:Since 2001, Montpellier has been divided into seven official neighbourhoods, themselves divided into sub-neighbourhoods. Each of them possesses a neighbourhood council....

 
Individual time trial
Individual time trial
An individual time trial is a road bicycle race in which cyclists race alone against the clock . There are also track-based time trials where riders compete in velodromes, and team time trials...

 
56 km (34.8 mi)
14A 19 July Montpellier – Narbonne
Narbonne
Narbonne is a commune in southern France in the Languedoc-Roussillon region. It lies from Paris in the Aude department, of which it is a sub-prefecture. Once a prosperous port, it is now located about from the shores of the Mediterranean Sea...

 
Plain stage
103 km (64 mi)
14B Narbonne – Perpignan
Perpignan
-Sport:Perpignan is a rugby stronghold: their rugby union side, USA Perpignan, is a regular competitor in the Heineken Cup and seven times champion of the Top 14 , while their rugby league side plays in the engage Super League under the name Catalans Dragons.-Culture:Since 2004, every year in the...

 
Individual time trial
Individual time trial
An individual time trial is a road bicycle race in which cyclists race alone against the clock . There are also track-based time trials where riders compete in velodromes, and team time trials...

 
63 km (39.1 mi)
15 20 July Perpignan – Luchon 
Stage with mountain(s)
325 km (201.9 mi)
16 22 July Luchon – Pau 
Stage with mountain(s)
194 km (120.5 mi)
17 24 July Pau – Bordeaux
Bordeaux
Bordeaux is a port city on the Garonne River in the Gironde department in southwestern France.The Bordeaux-Arcachon-Libourne metropolitan area, has a population of 1,010,000 and constitutes the sixth-largest urban area in France. It is the capital of the Aquitaine region, as well as the prefecture...

 
Plain stage
224 km (139.2 mi)
18A 25 July Bordeaux – Rochefort
Rochefort, Charente-Maritime
Rochefort is a commune in southwestern France, a port on the Charente estuary. It is a sub-prefecture of the Charente-Maritime department.-History:...

 
Plain stage
158 km (98.2 mi)
18B Rochefort – La Rochelle
La Rochelle
La Rochelle is a city in western France and a seaport on the Bay of Biscay, a part of the Atlantic Ocean. It is the capital of the Charente-Maritime department.The city is connected to the Île de Ré by a bridge completed on 19 May 1988...

 
Individual time trial
Individual time trial
An individual time trial is a road bicycle race in which cyclists race alone against the clock . There are also track-based time trials where riders compete in velodromes, and team time trials...

 
33 km (20.5 mi)
19A 26 July La Rochelle – La Roche sur Yon 
Plain stage
81 km (50.3 mi)
19B La Roche sur Yon – Nantes
Nantes
Nantes is a city in western France, located on the Loire River, from the Atlantic coast. The city is the 6th largest in France, while its metropolitan area ranks 8th with over 800,000 inhabitants....

 
Individual time trial
Individual time trial
An individual time trial is a road bicycle race in which cyclists race alone against the clock . There are also track-based time trials where riders compete in velodromes, and team time trials...

 
95 km (59 mi)
20A 27 July Nantes – Vire
Vire
Vire is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France.- History :In 1123, Henri I Beauclerc, King of England and Duke of Normandy, had a redoubt constructed on a rocky hill top, which was surrounded by the Vire river...

 
Plain stage
220 km (136.7 mi)
20B Vire – Caen
Caen
Caen is a commune in northwestern France. It is the prefecture of the Calvados department and the capital of the Basse-Normandie region. It is located inland from the English Channel....

 
Individual time trial
Individual time trial
An individual time trial is a road bicycle race in which cyclists race alone against the clock . There are also track-based time trials where riders compete in velodromes, and team time trials...

 
55 km (34.2 mi)
21 28 July Caen – Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...

 
Plain stage
221 km (137.3 mi)

Classification leadership

Stage General classification
Mountains classification Team classification
Team classification
The team classification is a prize given in the Tour de France to the best team in the race. It has been awarded since 1930, and the calculation has changed throughout the years.-Calculation:...

Classification for individuals Classification for touriste-routiers
1 N/A
2
3
4
5A
5B
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13A
13B
14A
14B
15
16
17
18A
18B
19A
19B
20A
20B
21
Final

Final general classification

Final general classification (1–10)
RankRiderTeamTime
1
Belgium 141h 32' 00"
2 Italian individuals +17' 52"
3 Belgium +24' 06"
4 Belgian individuals +35' 24"
5 Belgian individuals +51' 26"
6 France +54' 29"
7 France +1h 09' 28"
8 France +1h 21' 03"
9 Touriste-routier +1h 34' 02"
10 Germany +2h 00' 04"

Final team classification

The team classification
Team classification
The team classification is a prize given in the Tour de France to the best team in the race. It has been awarded since 1930, and the calculation has changed throughout the years.-Calculation:...

 was calculated in 1935 by adding up the times of the best three cyclists of a team; the team with the least time was the winner.
Individuals that ranked higher than team members could be put in the team. This happened with the Belgian team: individual Sylvère Maes
Sylvère Maes
Sylvère Maes was a Belgian cyclist, who is most famous for winning the Tour de France in 1936 and 1939.- Palmarès :1932...

 ranked higher than the third Belgian team member Jean Aerts
Jean Aerts
Jean Aerts was a Belgian road bicycle racer who specialized as a sprinter. Aerts became the first man to win both the world amateur and professional road race championships...

, so his time was used for the calculation. If this rule would have not been in place, the French team would have won the team classification. It also happened with the Spanish team, which had only two cyclists left at the end of the race; Spanish individual Vicente Bachero was added to the team.

The Italian team had no cyclists left at the end of the race. There were two Italians in the individual category that were then added for the team calculation, but they still lacked a third team member. For that case there was a rule that said that an imaginary cyclist would be added to the team, that had the time of the final cyclist plus one hour penalty time.
Team classification (1–5)
RankTeamTime
1 425h 36' 09"
2 +2h 24' 51"
3  Germany +9h 57' 17"
4  Italy +12h 13' 22"
5  Spain +13h 16' 21"

Mountains classification

For the mountain classification, 15 mountains were selected by the Tour organisation:
Mountains in the 1935 mountains classification
StageNameHeightMountain range Winner
4 Ballon d'Alsace 1178 metres (3,864.8 ft) Vosges Felicien Vervaecke
6 Aravis 1498 metres (4,914.7 ft) Alps René Vietto
7 Galibier 2556 metres (8,385.8 ft) Alps Gabriel Ruozzi
8 Côte de Laffrey 900 metres (2,952.8 ft) Alps Gabriel Ruozzi
9 Vars 2110 metres (6,922.6 ft) Alps Felicien Vervaecke
9 Allos 2250 metres (7,381.9 ft) Alps Felicien Vervaecke
11 Braus 1002 metres (3,287.4 ft) Alps-Maritimes Gabriel Ruozzi
11 La Turbie 555 metres (1,820.9 ft) Alps-Maritimes Orlando Teani
15 Puymorens 1920 metres (6,299.2 ft) Pyrénées Felicien Vervaecke
15 Col de Port 1249 metres (4,097.8 ft) Pyrénées Felicien Vervaecke
15 Portet d'Aspet 1069 metres (3,507.2 ft) Pyrénées Felicien Vervaecke
16 Peyresourde 1569 metres (5,147.6 ft) Pyrénées Felicien Vervaecke
16 Aspin 1489 metres (4,885.2 ft) Pyrénées Felicien Vervaecke
16 Tourmalet 2115 metres (6,939 ft) Pyrénées Sylvère Maes
16 Aubisque 1709 metres (5,607 ft) Pyrénées Ambrogio Morelli

On the top of these mountains, ten points were given for the first cyclist to pass, nine points to the second cyclist, and so on, until the tenth cyclist who got one point. The final mountain classification after stage 16 was as follows:
Mountains classification (1–10)
RankRiderTeamPoints
1 Belgium 118
2 Belgian individuals 92
3 Belgian individuals 71
4 Touriste-routier 62
5 Belgium 58
6 Italian individuals 49
7 Italy 47
8 France 42
9 Italian individuals 41
10 Swiss individuals 33

Other classifications

Second-placed Morelli was the best cyclist who had started in the "individuals" category, while ninth-placed Ruozzi became the winner of the "touriste-routiers" category. However, in 1935 Morelli was considered to have been included in the Italian team, while Sylvère Maes and Jules Lowie are considered to have been included in the Belgian team, which made Charles Pélissier the best placed individual cyclist.

Aftermath

Felicien Vervaecke, who had finished in third place, felt that he could have won this Tour by more than one hour, if he had not been helping his team mate Romain Maes, when Maes was suffering.
The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
x
OK