Đinh Xuân Quảng
Encyclopedia
Đinh Xuân Quảng was a Vietnamese
judge and a politician who helped institute a new constitution for South Vietnam
. Đinh Xuân Quảng was one of the main advocates of the “Nationalist solution” in the efforts to regain independence from France after World War II
– an independence which could ultimately be settled through negotiations and peaceful means. He participated throughout this resolution process and negotiated various agreements with France. His efforts led to the abrogation of the Patenotre Treaty in 1884 which had placed Vietnam under a protectorate of France.
An honest and principled judge, he was imprisoned by Ngô Đình Diệm's South Vietnam government for 4 years after the military coup in November 1960. Later he was elected in 1967 as a member of the Constitutional House which drew up the Constitution of the 2nd Republic of Vietnam. He finished his term as the “Speaker of the Constitutional House” which started the Second Republic of Vietnam.
to Đinh Xuân Trạc and Nguyễn thị Khôn. Đinh Xuân Trạc was a mandarin.
After an initial education in the traditional Vietnamese system, Đinh Xuân Quảng attended the French Lycée Albert Sarraut
in Hanoi. In 1926, he was “expelled” from the Lycée Albert Sarraut for joining in a protest organized during Phan Chu Trinh
’s funeral demanding the end of French occupation which degenerated into a riot. Later in Saigon he attended the Lycée Chasseloup Laubat in Saigon graduating with a “baccalaureate in Philosophy” with top honors. He obtained an honor in “Concours général des lycées de France et d’Outre mer.” Afterwards he joined the newly established University of Hanoi School of Law class 1930 where he graduated with a Bachelor Degree in Law in 1933 with honors. Đinh Xuân Quảng held a BSc in Law from the charter class at the University Hanoi School of Law (1930). He was one of the first Vietnamese judges trained at the Law School in Hanoi. He was a prominent Catholic
intellectual and a proponent of the “Nationalist Movement” and a determined opponent to colonialism
and communism
in Vietnam.
In 1938 he married Trần thị Kim Dung, who came from a prominent Catholic family in Nam Định. They had four children. Đinh Thị Tố Quyên (1941 - ) married to Mai Viết Hiếu; Đinh xuân Quân (1943 - ), Đinh Xuân Quốc (1946–1965) and Đinh Thị Tố Quỳnh (1950 - ), married to Kiều Quang Chẩn. Dr. Đinh Xuân Quân is an acclaimed development economist who has served as Adviser to many Prime Ministers and Ministers worldwide. Dr. Quỳnh Kiều is an acclaimed Pediatrician in the United States. She is well respected for Project Vietnam, a medical NGO that has come back to Vietnam twice yearly to provide medical care for the under served in the rural areas of Vietnam.
.
In 1934 he took a competitive examination ("concours") to join the French Judicial system in 1934. He was appointed as a "greffier", and later became one of the first Vietnamese judges in the French judicial system. He was posted in many tribunals in Vietnam notably in Annam
(central Vietnam) as a judge in Vinh
, and in Tonkin
(northern Vietnam) as an Attorney General in Hanoi
.
During the Second World War, he was active in the movement for Vietnam's independence and was a spokesperson for the Catholic Intellectuals Movement. Đinh Xuân Quảng supported the non communist solution in the early 1940s. He advocated reform and restructuring in public management, and worked to free the Vietnamese from the "obedience" mentality by advocating independence through the modernization of its philosophy and education.
on "illegal arrests" made by the Viet Minh
. He became a target for assassination and was forced to flee to China
while his family took refuge in the Catholic enclave of Phát Diệm. In China he joined many nationalists including Trần văn Tuyên, Nguyễn Tường Tam, Phan Huy Đán, Nghiêm Xuân Thiện, and others. He met former Emperor Bảo Đại
and became one of his two advisers (Đinh Xuân Quảng and Phan Huy Đán).
The nationalist side formed a non-communist solution. A Nationalist Union Front (MTQGLH - Mat Tran Quoc Gia Lien Hiep)) was launched in 1947 to support the return of former Emperor Bảo Đại to lead the negotiations with France. In Hong Kong
, China and Vietnam, Đinh xuân Quảng and his friends pushed for a State of Vietnam solution as an alternative to the communist government of Ho Chi Minh. Negotiations between France and the "Bảo Đại team" resulted in the signing on June 5, 1948 of the Halong Bay Declaration in which France promised independence to Vietnam. Đinh Xuân Quảng participated and signed as a representative for Vietnam.
Đinh Xuân Quảng was a member of the negotiating team for the Elysée Treaty
that was signed between Bao Đai and French President Vincent Auriol
on March 8, 1949, recognizing Vietnam as an independent state with capability for its own administration, finance, and foreign affairs. The former French colony of Cochinchina was reintegrated into Vietnam on June 14, 1949.
In 1947 Đinh Xuân Quảng returned to Vietnam with Trần Trọng Kim
and others /. He returned to continue to gain the return of Cochinchina into Vietnam as well as continue the struggle for independence.
In the process to build the State of Vietnam, he contributed to and participated in many cabinets from 1948 to 1954 in various functions. His main contribution was the setting up of administrative and civil service structures for the newly established State of Vietnam to replace the colonial administration. The contribution included the setting up of the new flag and its anthem and the organizational structures of the State if VN to transition from the French colonial administration to the independent state of Vietnam’s administration in civil service, health, etc. contributing to the foundation to the new independent Vietnam.
In 1947 he went to France and Switzerland with HM Bảo Đại representing the Vietnamese side to negotiate with Mr. Bollaert and his team whom represented France. /
On January 6, 1948 he participated in the Provisional Central Government under Prime Minister Nguyễn Văn Xuân as the Secretary to the Prime Minister’s Office (PM). / This was a pivotal period in the negotiations between France and VN / in which he was one of the representatives of VN during the signing of the Hạ Long Bay Declaration. As Secretary to the PM’s Office, he coordinated the government’s activities during this transitional period and at the same time being involved in the negotiations for the reintegration of Cochinchina into Vietnam.
He resigned from his cabinet position on January 4, 1949 / to protest against the French slowness to revert the colonial administration back to the Vietnamese central government. He went on to participate as a member of the Vietnamese delegation negotiating with France for the Elysée Treaty signed on March 8, 1949. / Elysée Treaty nullified the Patenôtre Treaty of 1884 and agreed to return Cochinchina back to the State of VN (signed on June 14, 1949) by peaceful means.
During the short Bảo Đại cabinet (1/7/1949 – 20/1/1950) he continued negotiations between France and Vietnam. During this period, Vietnam issued the Public Law July 1, 1949 on “the Organization of the State” and on “Organization of the Administration” /. During this period, many countries have recognized the new State of Vietnam.
From Jan 21st 1950 – May 6, 1950 he participated in the cabinet of Nguyễn Phan Long
as Minister of the PM’s Office but the cabinet could not survive due to external pressures from France.
During the 1st Trần Văn Hữu
cabinet (May 6, 1950 – Feb 21st 1951) Đinh Xuân Quảng became the first Minister of Public Service of the State of Vietnam. In this position he continued the effort to build the Vietnamese public administration started in 1948 through the “take over” of colonial administration, to consolidate the Cochinchina administration into the State of Vietnam administration and transitioning of the State of Vietnam. His participation in various cabinets allowed him to enact the reinforcement of the State of Vietnam administration through various Acts and Decrees: Civil Service Act - Quy chế công chức (14/7/1950), Union regulation - Quy chế Nghiệp Đoàn (16/1/1952), Municipality Organization Regulations - Hội Đồng Đô Thành (27/12/52), etc. The Judicial – Judges’ regulation was established through decree 10/TP. He also contributed to the Health sector reintegrating the old colonial health system into the new one and building many new hospitals and facilities including the “children’s hospital” in Saigon.
In the second Trần Văn Hữu cabinet (February 21, 1951- March 7, 1952) he held the position of Minister to the Budget but was asked to return to hold Public Service positions to continue his work of Public Administration Reform. Đinh Xuân Quảng was able to continue this work up until the third Trần Văn Hữu cabinet (March 7, 1952 – June 26, 1952) where he held the position of Minister to the PM’s office.
In Vietnam and in Hànội he represented the State of Vietnam to receive the “sword and seal of Emperor BĐ” that was given to the VM’s representatives in 1945 when BĐ resigned and had been hidden by the VM to date.
Under the Nguyễn Văn Tâm’s cabinet he returned to the Judicial sector as a judge at the Cour d’Appel of Saigon.
He held the position of Minister of Interior in the Bửu Lộc cabinet (Jan 11, 1954 – July 7, 1954). This was a very difficult period where the Geneva Conference was held to discuss the division of VN into two countries. The Bưu Lộc cabinet was able to sign the Independence Treaty and the Association Treaty between France and VN on June 4, 1954.
This cabinet resigned in protest to the Geneva Conference partition of the country and handed the power to the newly nominated PM Ngô Đình Diệm.
Cabinet Bửu Lộc. Đinh Xuân Quảng was the 4th person from the right, 2nd line.
During July 1949 to July 1954, the State of Vietnam had 5 Prime Ministers and 8 cabinets. Đinh Xuân Quảng participated in 5 cabinets due to his professional competence and reputation ”
After the Geneva Accords
of 1954 he returned to the judicial sector being a member of the Cour de Cassation (Supreme Court) and the Cour d’Appel de Saigon.
After the Geneva Treaty dividing VN into two countries, Đinh Xuân Quảng returned to the Judicial sector as a Judge at the Tribunal de Grande Instance de Saigon and as a member of the Cour de Cassation - Sài Gòn.
During 1955-1956, Đinh Xuân Quảng declined overture from the Ngô Đình Diệm administration whom he had experience dealing with in Hong Kong, and did not cooperate with the government due to its dictatorial behavior. He escaped an assassination attempt and went into hiding for many months. He participated in the nationalist opposition movement struggling for a democratic and non communist VN. During this period he contributed to many opposition newspapers in the South including the “Chính Luận” newspaper.
On November 11, 1960, after the failed military coup he gave refuge to his friend Phan Huy Đán which resulted in the imprisonment of his family for almost 4 years (his son Đinh Xuân Quân was released after 6 months of detention). Đinh Xuân Quảng and his wife – the only woman imprisoned during this period went to the Special Military Tribunal on July 11, 1963 and were rehabilitated after the fall of the Ngô Đình Diệm in 1963.
During the period 1962-1965 the North-South war intensified with more involvement from the US. It became a proxy war in the “Cold war.”
As a jurist and one of the three jurists in the Constitutional Assembly, he participated in the writing up of the 2nd Republic Constitution. After the resignation of Mr. Phan Khắc Sửu, he became the Speaker of the Constitutional House which created the 2nd Republic of Việt Nam. The Constitution was published on April 3, 1967 and the Presidential election was organized.
He died at 62 in 1971 after a long illness.
Vietnamese people
The Vietnamese people are an ethnic group originating from present-day northern Vietnam and southern China. They are the majority ethnic group of Vietnam, comprising 86% of the population as of the 1999 census, and are officially known as Kinh to distinguish them from other ethnic groups in Vietnam...
judge and a politician who helped institute a new constitution for South Vietnam
South Vietnam
South Vietnam was a state which governed southern Vietnam until 1975. It received international recognition in 1950 as the "State of Vietnam" and later as the "Republic of Vietnam" . Its capital was Saigon...
. Đinh Xuân Quảng was one of the main advocates of the “Nationalist solution” in the efforts to regain independence from France after World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
– an independence which could ultimately be settled through negotiations and peaceful means. He participated throughout this resolution process and negotiated various agreements with France. His efforts led to the abrogation of the Patenotre Treaty in 1884 which had placed Vietnam under a protectorate of France.
An honest and principled judge, he was imprisoned by Ngô Đình Diệm's South Vietnam government for 4 years after the military coup in November 1960. Later he was elected in 1967 as a member of the Constitutional House which drew up the Constitution of the 2nd Republic of Vietnam. He finished his term as the “Speaker of the Constitutional House” which started the Second Republic of Vietnam.
Early life and education
He was born in Thọ Linh, Quảng Bình province, Central VietnamCentral Vietnam
Central Vietnam or Central , formerly also known as Trung phần by Republic of Vietnam, Trung kỳ and Annam under French Indochina) is one of the three regions of Vietnam . Highlands or Tây Nguyên are often included in the Central...
to Đinh Xuân Trạc and Nguyễn thị Khôn. Đinh Xuân Trạc was a mandarin.
After an initial education in the traditional Vietnamese system, Đinh Xuân Quảng attended the French Lycée Albert Sarraut
Lycée Albert Sarraut
The Lycée Albert Sarraut was a French lyceum in Hanoi, Vietnam, during the French colonial period. It was one of 69 high schools founded by the French in their colonies worldwide, named for French Albert Sarraut. The school offered high standard academic programs for students between the ages of 11...
in Hanoi. In 1926, he was “expelled” from the Lycée Albert Sarraut for joining in a protest organized during Phan Chu Trinh
Phan Chu Trinh
Phan Chu Trinh also known as Phan Châu Trinh was a famous early 20th century Vietnamese nationalist. He also used the alias Tây Hồ. He sought to end France's brutal occupation of Vietnam...
’s funeral demanding the end of French occupation which degenerated into a riot. Later in Saigon he attended the Lycée Chasseloup Laubat in Saigon graduating with a “baccalaureate in Philosophy” with top honors. He obtained an honor in “Concours général des lycées de France et d’Outre mer.” Afterwards he joined the newly established University of Hanoi School of Law class 1930 where he graduated with a Bachelor Degree in Law in 1933 with honors. Đinh Xuân Quảng held a BSc in Law from the charter class at the University Hanoi School of Law (1930). He was one of the first Vietnamese judges trained at the Law School in Hanoi. He was a prominent Catholic
Catholic
The word catholic comes from the Greek phrase , meaning "on the whole," "according to the whole" or "in general", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning "about" and meaning "whole"...
intellectual and a proponent of the “Nationalist Movement” and a determined opponent to colonialism
Colonialism
Colonialism is the establishment, maintenance, acquisition and expansion of colonies in one territory by people from another territory. It is a process whereby the metropole claims sovereignty over the colony and the social structure, government, and economics of the colony are changed by...
and communism
Communism
Communism is a social, political and economic ideology that aims at the establishment of a classless, moneyless, revolutionary and stateless socialist society structured upon common ownership of the means of production...
in Vietnam.
In 1938 he married Trần thị Kim Dung, who came from a prominent Catholic family in Nam Định. They had four children. Đinh Thị Tố Quyên (1941 - ) married to Mai Viết Hiếu; Đinh xuân Quân (1943 - ), Đinh Xuân Quốc (1946–1965) and Đinh Thị Tố Quỳnh (1950 - ), married to Kiều Quang Chẩn. Dr. Đinh Xuân Quân is an acclaimed development economist who has served as Adviser to many Prime Ministers and Ministers worldwide. Dr. Quỳnh Kiều is an acclaimed Pediatrician in the United States. She is well respected for Project Vietnam, a medical NGO that has come back to Vietnam twice yearly to provide medical care for the under served in the rural areas of Vietnam.
Anti-colonial activism
Đinh Xuân Quảng vowed to promote for an independent Vietnam via peaceful and legalistic means with a peaceful reunification with CochinchinaCochinchina
Cochinchina is a region encompassing the southern third of Vietnam whose principal city is Saigon. It was a French colony from 1862 to 1954. The later state of South Vietnam was created in 1954 by combining Cochinchina with southern Annam. In Vietnamese, the region is called Nam Bộ...
.
In 1934 he took a competitive examination ("concours") to join the French Judicial system in 1934. He was appointed as a "greffier", and later became one of the first Vietnamese judges in the French judicial system. He was posted in many tribunals in Vietnam notably in Annam
Annam (French Colony)
Annam was a French protectorate encompassing the central region of Vietnam. Vietnamese were subsequently referred to as "Annamites." Nationalist writers adopted the word "Vietnam" in the late 1920s. The general public embraced the word "Vietnam" during the revolution of August 1945...
(central Vietnam) as a judge in Vinh
Vinh
Vinh is a city in Vietnam. It is located in the northern half of the country, and is the capital of Nghệ An Province. Politically, Vinh is a municipality within Nghệ An Province. On September 5th, 2008, it was upgraded from Grade-II city to Grade-I city, the fourth Grade-I city of Vietnam after...
, and in Tonkin
Tonkin
Tonkin , also spelled Tongkin, Tonquin or Tongking, is the northernmost part of Vietnam, south of China's Yunnan and Guangxi Provinces, east of northern Laos, and west of the Gulf of Tonkin. Locally, it is known as Bắc Kỳ, meaning "Northern Region"...
(northern Vietnam) as an Attorney General in Hanoi
Hanoi
Hanoi , is the capital of Vietnam and the country's second largest city. Its population in 2009 was estimated at 2.6 million for urban districts, 6.5 million for the metropolitan jurisdiction. From 1010 until 1802, it was the most important political centre of Vietnam...
.
During the Second World War, he was active in the movement for Vietnam's independence and was a spokesperson for the Catholic Intellectuals Movement. Đinh Xuân Quảng supported the non communist solution in the early 1940s. He advocated reform and restructuring in public management, and worked to free the Vietnamese from the "obedience" mentality by advocating independence through the modernization of its philosophy and education.
Post World War II political activity
In 1945-46, Đinh Xuân Quảng was appointed “Biện Lý - Attorney General” of the Hanoi Tribunal in charge of the whole Northern region of Vietnam(Tonkin). In his position he raised the question with Ho Chi MinhHo Chi Minh
Hồ Chí Minh , born Nguyễn Sinh Cung and also known as Nguyễn Ái Quốc, was a Vietnamese Marxist-Leninist revolutionary leader who was prime minister and president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam...
on "illegal arrests" made by the Viet Minh
Viet Minh
Việt Minh was a national independence coalition formed at Pac Bo on May 19, 1941. The Việt Minh initially formed to seek independence for Vietnam from the French Empire. When the Japanese occupation began, the Việt Minh opposed Japan with support from the United States and the Republic of China...
. He became a target for assassination and was forced to flee to China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
while his family took refuge in the Catholic enclave of Phát Diệm. In China he joined many nationalists including Trần văn Tuyên, Nguyễn Tường Tam, Phan Huy Đán, Nghiêm Xuân Thiện, and others. He met former Emperor Bảo Đại
Bảo Đài
Bảo Đài is a commune and village in Lục Nam District, Bac Giang Province, in northeastern Vietnam.-References:...
and became one of his two advisers (Đinh Xuân Quảng and Phan Huy Đán).
The nationalist side formed a non-communist solution. A Nationalist Union Front (MTQGLH - Mat Tran Quoc Gia Lien Hiep)) was launched in 1947 to support the return of former Emperor Bảo Đại to lead the negotiations with France. In Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...
, China and Vietnam, Đinh xuân Quảng and his friends pushed for a State of Vietnam solution as an alternative to the communist government of Ho Chi Minh. Negotiations between France and the "Bảo Đại team" resulted in the signing on June 5, 1948 of the Halong Bay Declaration in which France promised independence to Vietnam. Đinh Xuân Quảng participated and signed as a representative for Vietnam.
Đinh Xuân Quảng was a member of the negotiating team for the Elysée Treaty
Élysée Treaty
Élysée Treaty also known as the Treaty of Friendship, was concluded by Charles de Gaulle and Konrad Adenauer in 1963. It set the seal on reconciliation between the two countries...
that was signed between Bao Đai and French President Vincent Auriol
Vincent Auriol
Vincent Jules Auriol was a French politician who served as the first President of the Fourth Republic from 1947 to 1954. He also served as interim President of the Provisional Government from November to December 1946, making him one of only three people who were heads of state of the French...
on March 8, 1949, recognizing Vietnam as an independent state with capability for its own administration, finance, and foreign affairs. The former French colony of Cochinchina was reintegrated into Vietnam on June 14, 1949.
In 1947 Đinh Xuân Quảng returned to Vietnam with Trần Trọng Kim
Tran Trong Kim
Trần Trọng Kim was a Vietnamese scholar and politician who served as the Prime Minister of the short-lived Empire of Vietnam, a puppet state created by Imperial Japan in 1945...
and others /. He returned to continue to gain the return of Cochinchina into Vietnam as well as continue the struggle for independence.
In the process to build the State of Vietnam, he contributed to and participated in many cabinets from 1948 to 1954 in various functions. His main contribution was the setting up of administrative and civil service structures for the newly established State of Vietnam to replace the colonial administration. The contribution included the setting up of the new flag and its anthem and the organizational structures of the State if VN to transition from the French colonial administration to the independent state of Vietnam’s administration in civil service, health, etc. contributing to the foundation to the new independent Vietnam.
In 1947 he went to France and Switzerland with HM Bảo Đại representing the Vietnamese side to negotiate with Mr. Bollaert and his team whom represented France. /
On January 6, 1948 he participated in the Provisional Central Government under Prime Minister Nguyễn Văn Xuân as the Secretary to the Prime Minister’s Office (PM). / This was a pivotal period in the negotiations between France and VN / in which he was one of the representatives of VN during the signing of the Hạ Long Bay Declaration. As Secretary to the PM’s Office, he coordinated the government’s activities during this transitional period and at the same time being involved in the negotiations for the reintegration of Cochinchina into Vietnam.
He resigned from his cabinet position on January 4, 1949 / to protest against the French slowness to revert the colonial administration back to the Vietnamese central government. He went on to participate as a member of the Vietnamese delegation negotiating with France for the Elysée Treaty signed on March 8, 1949. / Elysée Treaty nullified the Patenôtre Treaty of 1884 and agreed to return Cochinchina back to the State of VN (signed on June 14, 1949) by peaceful means.
During the short Bảo Đại cabinet (1/7/1949 – 20/1/1950) he continued negotiations between France and Vietnam. During this period, Vietnam issued the Public Law July 1, 1949 on “the Organization of the State” and on “Organization of the Administration” /. During this period, many countries have recognized the new State of Vietnam.
From Jan 21st 1950 – May 6, 1950 he participated in the cabinet of Nguyễn Phan Long
Nguyen Phan Long
Nguyễn Phan Long served as Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam in January 1950. He was dismissed in May 1950 by the Emperor Bao Dai under pressure from the French colonial authorities, who resented his pro-American and nationalist attitude....
as Minister of the PM’s Office but the cabinet could not survive due to external pressures from France.
During the 1st Trần Văn Hữu
Tran Van Huu
Trần Văn Hữu served as Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam from 1950 to 1952....
cabinet (May 6, 1950 – Feb 21st 1951) Đinh Xuân Quảng became the first Minister of Public Service of the State of Vietnam. In this position he continued the effort to build the Vietnamese public administration started in 1948 through the “take over” of colonial administration, to consolidate the Cochinchina administration into the State of Vietnam administration and transitioning of the State of Vietnam. His participation in various cabinets allowed him to enact the reinforcement of the State of Vietnam administration through various Acts and Decrees: Civil Service Act - Quy chế công chức (14/7/1950), Union regulation - Quy chế Nghiệp Đoàn (16/1/1952), Municipality Organization Regulations - Hội Đồng Đô Thành (27/12/52), etc. The Judicial – Judges’ regulation was established through decree 10/TP. He also contributed to the Health sector reintegrating the old colonial health system into the new one and building many new hospitals and facilities including the “children’s hospital” in Saigon.
In the second Trần Văn Hữu cabinet (February 21, 1951- March 7, 1952) he held the position of Minister to the Budget but was asked to return to hold Public Service positions to continue his work of Public Administration Reform. Đinh Xuân Quảng was able to continue this work up until the third Trần Văn Hữu cabinet (March 7, 1952 – June 26, 1952) where he held the position of Minister to the PM’s office.
In Vietnam and in Hànội he represented the State of Vietnam to receive the “sword and seal of Emperor BĐ” that was given to the VM’s representatives in 1945 when BĐ resigned and had been hidden by the VM to date.
Under the Nguyễn Văn Tâm’s cabinet he returned to the Judicial sector as a judge at the Cour d’Appel of Saigon.
He held the position of Minister of Interior in the Bửu Lộc cabinet (Jan 11, 1954 – July 7, 1954). This was a very difficult period where the Geneva Conference was held to discuss the division of VN into two countries. The Bưu Lộc cabinet was able to sign the Independence Treaty and the Association Treaty between France and VN on June 4, 1954.
This cabinet resigned in protest to the Geneva Conference partition of the country and handed the power to the newly nominated PM Ngô Đình Diệm.
Cabinet Bửu Lộc. Đinh Xuân Quảng was the 4th person from the right, 2nd line.
During July 1949 to July 1954, the State of Vietnam had 5 Prime Ministers and 8 cabinets. Đinh Xuân Quảng participated in 5 cabinets due to his professional competence and reputation ”
After the Geneva Accords
Geneva accords
The Geneva Accords, known formally as the agreements on the settlement of the situation relating to Afghanistan, were signed on 14 April 1988 between Afghanistan and Pakistan, with the United States and the Soviet Union serving as guarantors....
of 1954 he returned to the judicial sector being a member of the Cour de Cassation (Supreme Court) and the Cour d’Appel de Saigon.
After the Geneva Treaty dividing VN into two countries, Đinh Xuân Quảng returned to the Judicial sector as a Judge at the Tribunal de Grande Instance de Saigon and as a member of the Cour de Cassation - Sài Gòn.
During 1955-1956, Đinh Xuân Quảng declined overture from the Ngô Đình Diệm administration whom he had experience dealing with in Hong Kong, and did not cooperate with the government due to its dictatorial behavior. He escaped an assassination attempt and went into hiding for many months. He participated in the nationalist opposition movement struggling for a democratic and non communist VN. During this period he contributed to many opposition newspapers in the South including the “Chính Luận” newspaper.
On November 11, 1960, after the failed military coup he gave refuge to his friend Phan Huy Đán which resulted in the imprisonment of his family for almost 4 years (his son Đinh Xuân Quân was released after 6 months of detention). Đinh Xuân Quảng and his wife – the only woman imprisoned during this period went to the Special Military Tribunal on July 11, 1963 and were rehabilitated after the fall of the Ngô Đình Diệm in 1963.
During the period 1962-1965 the North-South war intensified with more involvement from the US. It became a proxy war in the “Cold war.”
Participation in the writing of national constitution
In 1964 to 1966, Đinh Xuân Quảng did not participate in any public service positions. He participated in the September 9, 1966’s election for the Constitutional House opening the way to the 2nd Republic of Viet Nam.As a jurist and one of the three jurists in the Constitutional Assembly, he participated in the writing up of the 2nd Republic Constitution. After the resignation of Mr. Phan Khắc Sửu, he became the Speaker of the Constitutional House which created the 2nd Republic of Việt Nam. The Constitution was published on April 3, 1967 and the Presidential election was organized.
He died at 62 in 1971 after a long illness.
External links
- Chính Phủ Lâm Thời Quốc Gia Việt Nam 1948
- Sơn Trung Blog - Đinh Xuân Quảng - Nhân Vật Lịch Sử Việt Nam
- Chính biến 1/11/1960 - Sự tham gia của Thẩm Phán Đinh Xuân Quảng và Bà Đinh Xuân Quảng.
- Trần Gia Phụng: HIỆP ĐỊNH ÉLYSÉE (8-3-1949) - Kỷ Niệm 60 năm quốc gia Việt Nam - 2009
- Việt Nam Chính Sư: Vấn đề chủ quyền và vai trò của Pháp
- Phạm Ngọc Lân - Sự hình thành của giải pháp Bảo Đại
- BS Nguyễn Tôn Hoàn: Nguồn gốc bản Quốc Ca Việt Nam
- Thiện Giao - Tiến Sĩ Đinh Xuân Quân: Người Đi Xây Dựng Quốc Gia