Zincate
Encyclopedia
In chemistry the term zincate may refer to
nickel plating. This immersion process is electroless (i.e. not electroplating
) and involves the displacement of zinc from zincate by aluminum:
It can also refer to alkaline solutions used in electroplating
of e.g. steel with zinc.
of inorganic compounds zincate is a suffix that indicates that a polyatomic anion contains a central zinc atom. Examples include tetrachlorozincate, ZnCl42−, the tetrahydroxozincate, Zn(OH)42− and tetranitratozincate, Zn(NO3)42−. More recent recommendations (2005
), that are not widely used, would call the first two ions tetrachloridozincate(2−) and tetrahydroxidozincate(2−) respectively.
or Zn(OH)2
contain Zn(OH)42−. Earlier Raman studies had been interpreted as indicating the existence of linear ZnO22− ions.
- a salt containing Zn(OH)42−,also called the tetrahydroxozincate ion. It is an ore of Zinc. Examples include calcium zincate CaZn(OH)4.2H2O or Na2Zn(OH)4 or the polymeric anion [Zn(OH)3−] in for example NaZn(OH)3· H2O
- an alkali solution prepared from dissolving zincZincZinc , or spelter , is a metallic chemical element; it has the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is the first element in group 12 of the periodic table. Zinc is, in some respects, chemically similar to magnesium, because its ion is of similar size and its only common oxidation state is +2...
metal, zinc hydroxideZinc hydroxideZinc hydroxide Zn2 is an inorganic chemical compound. It also occurs naturally as 3 rare minerals: wülfingite , ashoverite and sweetite ....
or zinc oxideZinc oxideZinc oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula ZnO. It is a white powder that is insoluble in water. The powder is widely used as an additive into numerous materials and products including plastics, ceramics, glass, cement, rubber , lubricants, paints, ointments, adhesives, sealants,...
which contains various anionic species such as Zn(OH)42−. Such solutions are used in the plating industry. - an oxide containing zinc and a less electronegative element e.g. Na2ZnO2,(see -ate complexAte complexAn ate complex in chemistry is a salt formed by reaction of a Lewis acid with a base whereby the central atom increases its valence . Often in chemical nomenclature the phrase ate is suffixed to the element in question. For example, the ate complex of a boron compound is called a borate...
). - a commercially available zinc supplement formulated as zinc sulfateZinc sulfateZinc sulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula ZnSO4 as well as any of three hydrates. It was historically known as "white vitriol". It is a colorless solid that is a common source of soluble zinc ions.-Production and reactivity:...
.
Zincate - plating processes
In industry it can refer to the alkaline solutions used in a dipping (immersion) process to plate aluminium with zinc prior to electrolytic or electrolessElectroless nickel plating
Electroless nickel plating is an auto-catalytic chemical technique used to deposit a layer of nickel-phosphorus or nickel-boron alloy on a solid workpiece, such as metal or plastic. The process relies on the presence of a reducing agent, for example hydrated sodium hypophosphite which reacts with...
nickel plating. This immersion process is electroless (i.e. not electroplating
Electroplating
Electroplating is a plating process in which metal ions in a solution are moved by an electric field to coat an electrode. The process uses electrical current to reduce cations of a desired material from a solution and coat a conductive object with a thin layer of the material, such as a metal...
) and involves the displacement of zinc from zincate by aluminum:
- 3 Zn(OH)42− + 2 Al → 3 Zn + 2 Al(OH)4− + 4 OH−
It can also refer to alkaline solutions used in electroplating
Electroplating
Electroplating is a plating process in which metal ions in a solution are moved by an electric field to coat an electrode. The process uses electrical current to reduce cations of a desired material from a solution and coat a conductive object with a thin layer of the material, such as a metal...
of e.g. steel with zinc.
Inorganic compound nomenclature
In the namingIUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry
The IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry is a systematic method of naming inorganic chemical compounds, as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry . The rules are commonly known as "The Red Book"...
of inorganic compounds zincate is a suffix that indicates that a polyatomic anion contains a central zinc atom. Examples include tetrachlorozincate, ZnCl42−, the tetrahydroxozincate, Zn(OH)42− and tetranitratozincate, Zn(NO3)42−. More recent recommendations (2005
IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005
The Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, IUPAC Recommendations 2005, commonly known as The Red Book, is a collection of rules for naming inorganic compounds, as recommended by the IUPAC.- Summary :...
), that are not widely used, would call the first two ions tetrachloridozincate(2−) and tetrahydroxidozincate(2−) respectively.
Zincates aqueous chemistry
It is now generally accepted that the ionic species in alkali solutions of ZnOZinc oxide
Zinc oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula ZnO. It is a white powder that is insoluble in water. The powder is widely used as an additive into numerous materials and products including plastics, ceramics, glass, cement, rubber , lubricants, paints, ointments, adhesives, sealants,...
or Zn(OH)2
Zinc hydroxide
Zinc hydroxide Zn2 is an inorganic chemical compound. It also occurs naturally as 3 rare minerals: wülfingite , ashoverite and sweetite ....
contain Zn(OH)42−. Earlier Raman studies had been interpreted as indicating the existence of linear ZnO22− ions.