Whittier, Minneapolis
Encyclopedia
Whittier is a neighborhood in the U.S. city of Minneapolis, Minnesota
, bounded by Franklin Avenue on the north, Interstate 35W
on the east, Lake Street
on the south, and Lyndale Avenue
on the west. It is known for many diverse restaurants, coffee shops and Asian markets, especially along Nicollet Avenue
("Eat Street"). The neighborhood is also home to the Minneapolis Institute of Arts
, the Minneapolis College of Art and Design
, and the Children's Theatre Company
.
While the neighborhood is technically grouped with other neighborhoods within the greater Powderhorn community
, it is separated from those areas by Interstate 35W. As a result, Whittier is more often associated with adjacent neighborhoods, such as Lowry Hill East in the Calhoun-Isles community
to the west and Stevens Square
neighborhood in the Central community
to the north.
Dakota
occupied the area from Saint Anthony Falls
toward the Minnesota River
following their migration from Mille Lacs Lake
and the onward expansion of the quarreling Ojibwa
. Temporary Dakota camps were photographed in Whittier which are in the MNHS
catalog.
In 1849 at the age of 21, John T. Blaisdell moved from Maine
and squatted
on land just south of downtown Minneapolis. His brothers eventually came and together they lived in a log house which became Blaisdell School.
Following the 1851 Treaty of Traverse des Sioux
which opened lands to the United States, Blaisdell developed the area south of Downtown Minneapolis into Blaisdell's Addition. For capital, he sold timber to the booming lumber industry and leased land for the Morrison Farm in the east, which the Morrisons eventually purchased.
. Much of the Morrison's farm was sold for this expansion. Fair Oaks Park, at the center of this district, was formerly the site of William D. Washburn
's mansion. Meanwhile the southern end of Whittier grew as an agricultural and industrial job center with working-class housing along the Hastings and Dakota tracks of the Milwaukee Road rail line along 29th Street which shipped grain from southern Minnesota. Blaisdell Road became Blaisdell Avenue, extending past the neighborhood to the southern boundaries.
In 1882, Blaisdell built his manor at Nicollet and 24th Street West. The family moved out of Blaisdell School. A year later, Blaisdell, Longfellow and Irving Schools across the southern prairie were annexed to the Minneapolis school system from Hennepin County. In naming tradition with the other schools, the board renamed the school Whittier after the 19th century poet and abolitionist, John Greenleaf Whittier
. Like other areas of the city, families would soon call their neighborhoods after the primary school. Called the "millionaire pioneer of the city" by the New York Times, John T. Blaisdell died in 1898.
Into the 20th century, Thomas Lowry
and his partners assumed control of the insolvent McCrory's Motor Line. Whittier filled along Lowry's new Nicollet Ave. and 4th Ave. streetcar routes. The increasingly residential nature of southern Minneapolis brought contention with the Milwaukee Road as neighbors petitioned the City Council from 1905 to 1909 to alleviate the effects of the crossings which was blamed for several deaths. The Milwaukee Road offered a failed proposal to elevate the tracks and returned with a $1.3 million plan to depress the tracks and construct a dozen road bridges. After a legal battle with the businesses affected by loss of rail access, the project was upheld and completed in 1916.
Whittier experienced decline as middle-class residents moved out. The demolition of Nicollet Ball Park in Lyndale neighborhood led to retail failure on the neighborhood's south end. Abandoned buildings and adult bookstores prompted the city to establish the Nicollet/Lake Economic Development District in 1972. Several years passed without activity as Target and Herberger's refused to build. K-Mart finally agreed on grounds it close the avenue, and the project was done in 1978.
However a boon for the city, the closing accelerated the neighborhood's problems and Nicollet north of Lake Street was stifled of car traffic. Crime and prostitution became common. Neighbors who stayed had formed a neighborhood association in response to bitter protests over the K-Mart project. The Whittier Alliance was established in 1977 to monitor the weakened community and rehabilitate housing. WA operated as a Community Development Corporation, developing housing for many years in order to sustain its operations in community outreach. The City attempted to bring about a citizen participation model to assist neighborhoods until with the Legislature's assistance created the Neighborhood Revitalization Program in 1987 to formally address urban issues with funding. The city began designating official neighborhood boundaries at this time and Whittier was formalized.
Recognizing the street's potential, the Whittier Alliance and Business Association created a new branding scheme called Eat Street. It was completed in 1997 with a street scape reconstruction along the entire corridor. The abandoned Milwaukee Road trench also gained renewed interest during this time for re-use as a rails to trails transportation corridor. The Midtown Community Works and Midtown Greenway Coalition formed and federal funds were acquired for redevelopment. The first phase of the new Midtown Greenway
was built in 1999 and entirely finished in Minneapolis by 2005. In the 2000s, after nearly two decades of private sector disinvestment, three major condominium projects were completed along Nicollet Avenue.
s (Latinos) (21%), African American
s (20%), Native Americans (2%), Asian American
s (6%), and other (4%) (who are largely Somali in origin). 89% of residents rent. Whittier is the most populous neighborhood in Minneapolis, and second only in density to its neighbor Stevens Square. As reported single ancestry in the 2000 Census, the top five ancestries were German (1,780 people), Subsaharan African (1,070 people), Norwegian (870 people), Irish
(830 people), and Somali
(490 people).
of Minneapolis under Councilmember Robert Lilligren
(elected 2005). The neighborhood is currently officially represented by the Whittier Alliance, a community organization founded in 1977, which is recognized by the City of Minneapolis and its Neighborhood Revitalization Program (NRP). These NRP funds allow the Whittier Alliance to work with individuals, families, and businesses to build the community in terms of safety, economic development, and livability. Another informal organization is the Whittier Neighbors, founded in 1996. The Fifth Police Precinct (Precinct Inspector Kris Arneson in 2007) serves the neighborhood under Sector One.
Whittier is in Minnesota Senate District 61 (Linda Berglin 1980) and Minnesota House district 61A (Karen Clark in 2004) while the southern end is in Minnesota House 61B (Jeff Hayden 2008). Minneapolis Public Schools Area 23.
School" and Watershed High School moved into Whittier. Both schools renovated the American Hardware Mutual Insurance Company building (constructed 1922) at the corner of 24th Street and Nicollet Avenue. Behind this building, at the corner of 24th Street and Blaisdell Avenue, the "play yard" occupies the former site of a Dayton's
family mansion. Whittier School had moved to Blaisdell Avenue and closed in the 1960s. The Whittier Alliance led an effort with its NRP capital to build the new Whittier International School, constructed on the east half of Whittier Park in 2001.
Nicollet Urban Plans
Whittier Urban Plans
Research Articles
History
News Articles
Minnesota
Minnesota is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. The twelfth largest state of the U.S., it is the twenty-first most populous, with 5.3 million residents. Minnesota was carved out of the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory and admitted to the Union as the thirty-second state...
, bounded by Franklin Avenue on the north, Interstate 35W
Interstate 35W (Minnesota)
Interstate 35W , is an Interstate Highway in the U.S. state of Minnesota, passing through downtown Minneapolis. It is one of two through routes for Interstate 35 through the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul, the other being Interstate 35E through downtown Saint Paul...
on the east, Lake Street
Lake Street (Minneapolis)
Lake Street is a major east-west thoroughfare in Minneapolis, Minnesota which is located between 29th and 31st Streets in south Minneapolis. It was named such because it runs through the Chain of Lakes area on the west side of town and passes over a small channel linking Lake Calhoun and Lake of...
on the south, and Lyndale Avenue
Lyndale Avenue
Lyndale Avenue is a major street in Minneapolis, Brooklyn Center, Richfield, and Bloomington, Minnesota. A noncontinuous portion exists in Faribault, part of Highway 21...
on the west. It is known for many diverse restaurants, coffee shops and Asian markets, especially along Nicollet Avenue
Nicollet Avenue
Nicollet Avenue is a major street in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and three of its suburbs. It passes through a number of locally well-known neighborhoods and districts, notably Eat Street in south Minneapolis and the traffic-restricted Nicollet Mall in the city's downtown.It began as a military road...
("Eat Street"). The neighborhood is also home to the Minneapolis Institute of Arts
Minneapolis Institute of Arts
The Minneapolis Institute of Arts is a fine art museum located in the Whittier neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota, on a campus that covers nearly 8 acres , formerly Morrison Park...
, the Minneapolis College of Art and Design
Minneapolis College of Art and Design
Minneapolis College of Art and Design is a private, nonprofit four-year and postgraduate college specializing in the visual arts. Located in the Whittier neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, MCAD currently enrolls approximately 1,000 students offering curriculum that includes...
, and the Children's Theatre Company
Children's Theatre Company
The Children's Theatre Company is a regional theatre established in 1961 in Minneapolis, Minnesota specializing in plays for families and young audiences and the recipient of a 2003 Tony Award for Outstanding Regional Theatre...
.
While the neighborhood is technically grouped with other neighborhoods within the greater Powderhorn community
Powderhorn, Minneapolis
Powderhorn is a community in Minneapolis, which consists of eight different neighborhoods.-Official neighborhoods in the Powderhorn community:*Bancroft*Bryant*Corcoran*Lyndale*Powderhorn Park*Standish*Whittier*Central-External links:****...
, it is separated from those areas by Interstate 35W. As a result, Whittier is more often associated with adjacent neighborhoods, such as Lowry Hill East in the Calhoun-Isles community
Calhoun Isles, Minneapolis
Calhoun-Isles is one of the official communities of Minneapolis, Minnesota. It contains the Uptown business district and the name "Uptown" is frequently used to refer to the entire community...
to the west and Stevens Square
Stevens Square, Minneapolis
Stevens Square is a neighborhood within the Central community in Minneapolis. It extends from Lyndale Avenue in the west to Interstate 35W in the east, and from Interstate 94 in the north to Franklin Avenue in the south...
neighborhood in the Central community
Central, Minneapolis
The Central community in Minneapolis is located in the central part of the city, consisting of 6 smaller official neighborhoods, and includes Downtown Minneapolis, the central business district...
to the north.
History
In the 1800s, MdewakantonMdewakanton
Mdewakantonwan are one of the sub-tribes of the Isanti Dakota . Their historic home is Mille Lacs Lake in central Minnesota, which in the Dakota language was called mde wakan .As part of the Santee Sioux, their ancestors had migrated from the Southeast of the present-day United States, where the...
Dakota
Sioux
The Sioux are Native American and First Nations people in North America. The term can refer to any ethnic group within the Great Sioux Nation or any of the nation's many language dialects...
occupied the area from Saint Anthony Falls
Saint Anthony Falls
Saint Anthony Falls, or the Falls of Saint Anthony, located northeast of downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota, was the only natural major waterfall on the Upper Mississippi River. The natural falls was replaced by a concrete overflow spillway after it partially collapsed in 1869...
toward the Minnesota River
Minnesota River
The Minnesota River is a tributary of the Mississippi River, approximately 332 miles long, in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It drains a watershed of nearly , in Minnesota and about in South Dakota and Iowa....
following their migration from Mille Lacs Lake
Mille Lacs Lake
Mille Lacs Lake is a lake in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It is located in the counties of Mille Lacs, Aitkin and Crow Wing, roughly 100 miles north of the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area....
and the onward expansion of the quarreling Ojibwa
Ojibwa
The Ojibwe or Chippewa are among the largest groups of Native Americans–First Nations north of Mexico. They are divided between Canada and the United States. In Canada, they are the third-largest population among First Nations, surpassed only by Cree and Inuit...
. Temporary Dakota camps were photographed in Whittier which are in the MNHS
Minnesota Historical Society
The Minnesota Historical Society is a private, non-profit educational and cultural institution dedicated to preserving the history of the U.S. state of Minnesota. It was founded by the territorial legislature in 1849, almost a decade before statehood. The Society is named in the Minnesota...
catalog.
Maine
Maine is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and south, New Hampshire to the west, and the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the northwest and New Brunswick to the northeast. Maine is both the northernmost and easternmost...
and squatted
Squatting
Squatting consists of occupying an abandoned or unoccupied space or building, usually residential, that the squatter does not own, rent or otherwise have permission to use....
on land just south of downtown Minneapolis. His brothers eventually came and together they lived in a log house which became Blaisdell School.
Following the 1851 Treaty of Traverse des Sioux
Treaty of Traverse des Sioux
The Treaty of Traverse des Sioux was a treaty signed on July 23, 1851, between the United States government and Sioux Indian bands in Minnesota Territory by which the Sioux ceded territory. The treaty was instigated by Alexander Ramsey, the first governor of Minnesota Territory, and Luke Lea,...
which opened lands to the United States, Blaisdell developed the area south of Downtown Minneapolis into Blaisdell's Addition. For capital, he sold timber to the booming lumber industry and leased land for the Morrison Farm in the east, which the Morrisons eventually purchased.
Blaisdell to Whittier
After the Blaisdell brothers returned from the Civil War in 1865, Minneapolis began growing in population again. Annexations in 1867 and 1883 turned Blaisdell's Addition into South Minneapolis. Entrepreneurs and businessmen soon moved out of Downtown East and built their mansions in the present Washburn-Fair Oaks Mansion DistrictWashburn-Fair Oaks Mansion District
The Washburn-Fair Oaks Mansion District is a historic district in the Whittier neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota centered around Washburn-Fair Oaks Park. The city of Minneapolis designated a district bordered by Franklin Avenue, Fourth Avenue South, 26th Street East, and First Avenue South...
. Much of the Morrison's farm was sold for this expansion. Fair Oaks Park, at the center of this district, was formerly the site of William D. Washburn
William D. Washburn
William Drew Washburn was an American politician. He served in both the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate as a Republican from Minnesota. Three of his seven brothers became politicians: Elihu B. Washburne, Cadwallader C. Washburn, and Israel Washburn, Jr...
's mansion. Meanwhile the southern end of Whittier grew as an agricultural and industrial job center with working-class housing along the Hastings and Dakota tracks of the Milwaukee Road rail line along 29th Street which shipped grain from southern Minnesota. Blaisdell Road became Blaisdell Avenue, extending past the neighborhood to the southern boundaries.
In 1882, Blaisdell built his manor at Nicollet and 24th Street West. The family moved out of Blaisdell School. A year later, Blaisdell, Longfellow and Irving Schools across the southern prairie were annexed to the Minneapolis school system from Hennepin County. In naming tradition with the other schools, the board renamed the school Whittier after the 19th century poet and abolitionist, John Greenleaf Whittier
John Greenleaf Whittier
John Greenleaf Whittier was an influential American Quaker poet and ardent advocate of the abolition of slavery in the United States. He is usually listed as one of the Fireside Poets...
. Like other areas of the city, families would soon call their neighborhoods after the primary school. Called the "millionaire pioneer of the city" by the New York Times, John T. Blaisdell died in 1898.
Thomas Lowry
Thomas Lowry was a lawyer, real-estate magnate, and businessman who oversaw much of the early growth the streetcar lines in the Twin Cities area of Minneapolis, St. Paul, and surrounding communities in Minnesota...
and his partners assumed control of the insolvent McCrory's Motor Line. Whittier filled along Lowry's new Nicollet Ave. and 4th Ave. streetcar routes. The increasingly residential nature of southern Minneapolis brought contention with the Milwaukee Road as neighbors petitioned the City Council from 1905 to 1909 to alleviate the effects of the crossings which was blamed for several deaths. The Milwaukee Road offered a failed proposal to elevate the tracks and returned with a $1.3 million plan to depress the tracks and construct a dozen road bridges. After a legal battle with the businesses affected by loss of rail access, the project was upheld and completed in 1916.
Post-War Decline
The neighborhood maintained a dense population and high rental occupancy up towards the city's population peak in the 1950s. The latter 20th century followed with other inner core neighborhoods as the postwar boom of the 1960s depleted Whittier's population. The routing of Interstate 35W was modified following city concerns over expensive land acquisition of apartments and mansions including the Minneapolis Institute of Arts. In November 1967, Interstate 35W was built around the neighborhood to spare the Mansion District which was later preserved in its current historic district.Whittier experienced decline as middle-class residents moved out. The demolition of Nicollet Ball Park in Lyndale neighborhood led to retail failure on the neighborhood's south end. Abandoned buildings and adult bookstores prompted the city to establish the Nicollet/Lake Economic Development District in 1972. Several years passed without activity as Target and Herberger's refused to build. K-Mart finally agreed on grounds it close the avenue, and the project was done in 1978.
However a boon for the city, the closing accelerated the neighborhood's problems and Nicollet north of Lake Street was stifled of car traffic. Crime and prostitution became common. Neighbors who stayed had formed a neighborhood association in response to bitter protests over the K-Mart project. The Whittier Alliance was established in 1977 to monitor the weakened community and rehabilitate housing. WA operated as a Community Development Corporation, developing housing for many years in order to sustain its operations in community outreach. The City attempted to bring about a citizen participation model to assist neighborhoods until with the Legislature's assistance created the Neighborhood Revitalization Program in 1987 to formally address urban issues with funding. The city began designating official neighborhood boundaries at this time and Whittier was formalized.
Millennial rebirth
Several factors had sown seeds for Whittier's comeback from the post-war suburban flight. Nicollet Avenue had not suffered completely. An authentic German restaurant opened in 1965 at the corner of 26th and Nicollet, becoming the avenue's main restaurant anchor for decades. As Whittier gained a bohemian culture for its cheap housing, the Artist Quarter jazz club was opened in the 1970s on the adjoining corner establishing a music anchor in the region. During this time, Chinese and Vietnamese businesses began opening on Nicollet following the Vietnam War. The Hip Sing Tong branch headquarters at 2633 Nicollet may explain the presence. Mexican businesses too opened but later in the 1980s on as they became a growing proportion of the immigrant population.Recognizing the street's potential, the Whittier Alliance and Business Association created a new branding scheme called Eat Street. It was completed in 1997 with a street scape reconstruction along the entire corridor. The abandoned Milwaukee Road trench also gained renewed interest during this time for re-use as a rails to trails transportation corridor. The Midtown Community Works and Midtown Greenway Coalition formed and federal funds were acquired for redevelopment. The first phase of the new Midtown Greenway
Midtown Greenway
The Midtown Greenway is a rail trail in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It is considered under segregated cycle facilities.Used both recreationally and for commuting, the partially below-grade Greenway runs east-west about one block north of Lake Street...
was built in 1999 and entirely finished in Minneapolis by 2005. In the 2000s, after nearly two decades of private sector disinvestment, three major condominium projects were completed along Nicollet Avenue.
Demographics
As of the 2000 census, 15,247 people live in Whittier. Census race groups consist of Caucasians (47%), HispanicHispanic
Hispanic is a term that originally denoted a relationship to Hispania, which is to say the Iberian Peninsula: Andorra, Gibraltar, Portugal and Spain. During the Modern Era, Hispanic sometimes takes on a more limited meaning, particularly in the United States, where the term means a person of ...
s (Latinos) (21%), African American
African American
African Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have at least partial ancestry from any of the native populations of Sub-Saharan Africa and are the direct descendants of enslaved Africans within the boundaries of the present United States...
s (20%), Native Americans (2%), Asian American
Asian American
Asian Americans are Americans of Asian descent. The U.S. Census Bureau definition of Asians as "Asian” refers to a person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent, including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan,...
s (6%), and other (4%) (who are largely Somali in origin). 89% of residents rent. Whittier is the most populous neighborhood in Minneapolis, and second only in density to its neighbor Stevens Square. As reported single ancestry in the 2000 Census, the top five ancestries were German (1,780 people), Subsaharan African (1,070 people), Norwegian (870 people), Irish
Irish people
The Irish people are an ethnic group who originate in Ireland, an island in northwestern Europe. Ireland has been populated for around 9,000 years , with the Irish people's earliest ancestors recorded having legends of being descended from groups such as the Nemedians, Fomorians, Fir Bolg, Tuatha...
(830 people), and Somali
Somali people
Somalis are an ethnic group located in the Horn of Africa, also known as the Somali Peninsula. The overwhelming majority of Somalis speak the Somali language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family...
(490 people).
Government
Whittier is in Ward 6Law and government of Minneapolis, Minnesota
Minneapolis is the largest city in the state of Minnesota in the United States, and the county seat of Hennepin County.-Neighborhoods:The city is divided into communities, each containing neighborhoods. For example, the Near North community is composed of the Hawthorne, Jordan, Near North,...
of Minneapolis under Councilmember Robert Lilligren
Robert Lilligren
Robert Lilligren is an American politician and member of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He is an elected member of the Minneapolis City Council. He was first elected in 2001, representing Ward 8. In 2002, the Minneapolis city council approved a...
(elected 2005). The neighborhood is currently officially represented by the Whittier Alliance, a community organization founded in 1977, which is recognized by the City of Minneapolis and its Neighborhood Revitalization Program (NRP). These NRP funds allow the Whittier Alliance to work with individuals, families, and businesses to build the community in terms of safety, economic development, and livability. Another informal organization is the Whittier Neighbors, founded in 1996. The Fifth Police Precinct (Precinct Inspector Kris Arneson in 2007) serves the neighborhood under Sector One.
Whittier is in Minnesota Senate District 61 (Linda Berglin 1980) and Minnesota House district 61A (Karen Clark in 2004) while the southern end is in Minnesota House 61B (Jeff Hayden 2008). Minneapolis Public Schools Area 23.
Education
In the 1990s, the "City of Lakes WaldorfWaldorf
- People :* William Waldorf Astor, 1st Viscount Astor , financier and statesman* Waldorf Astor, 2nd Viscount Astor , businessman and politician- Communities :United States* Waldorf, Maryland* Waldorf, MinnesotaGermany...
School" and Watershed High School moved into Whittier. Both schools renovated the American Hardware Mutual Insurance Company building (constructed 1922) at the corner of 24th Street and Nicollet Avenue. Behind this building, at the corner of 24th Street and Blaisdell Avenue, the "play yard" occupies the former site of a Dayton's
Dayton's
Minneapolis-based Dayton's was among the leading department stores in the United States for nearly a century after its founding in 1902 by George Draper Dayton. In 1969, the Detroit-based J.L. Hudson Company merged with the Dayton Corporation to form the Dayton-Hudson Corporation, adding 21...
family mansion. Whittier School had moved to Blaisdell Avenue and closed in the 1960s. The Whittier Alliance led an effort with its NRP capital to build the new Whittier International School, constructed on the east half of Whittier Park in 2001.
Businesses
Further reading
Nicollet Urban Plans
- Minneapolis City Coordinator's Office 1972 Nicollet Lake Development District Plan. Minneapolis, MN: Minneapolis City Coordinator's Office.
- Barton-Aschman Associates 1994 Nicollet Avenue Corridor Study. Minneapolis, MN: Barton-Aschman Associates.
- CPED, Nicollet Avenue Task Force 2000 Nicollet Avenue: The Revitalization of Minneapolis’ Main Street. Minneapolis.
- BKV Group 2001 Nicollet Avenue: … vision for the present and future. 2001 Development Plan. 10/15/01.
- Corridor Revitalization, Minneapolis Case Studies 2005?
Whittier Urban Plans
- Minneapolis City Planning Commission. 1960. Comprehensive Planning for the Whittier Neighborhood. Minneapolis, MN: City of Minneapolis Planning Commission.
- Minneapolis Department of Planning and Development 1976 Whittier East Design Study. Minneapolis.
- Team 70 Architects 1977 Whittier urban design framework. Minneapolis.
- Whittier Alliance 1978 Whittier Urban Design Framework: program implementation guide. Minneapolis.
- McNamara, John 1979 Whittier Alliance Program Activities Year 2 Action Plan. Minneapolis.
- McNamera, John, Ranae Hanson, and Dayton-Hudson Foundation 1981 Partners. Minneapolis: Dayton-Hudson.
- Minneapolis Planning Department, NRP 1991 Whittier: planning information base. Minneapolis MN: Office of city coordinator.
- Whittier Alliance 1992 Whittier Neighborhood Phase I Action Plan. Minneapolis, MN: Neighborhood Revitalization Program.
- Whittier Alliance, and Change Architects. 2001. A Decade of Change: The Minneapolis Neighborhood Revitalization Program & The Whittier Neighborhood. Minneapolis, MN: Whittier Alliance & Change Architects.
- Whittier Alliance 2002 Whittier Neighborhood NRP Phase II Action Plan.
- Whittier Alliance 2005 Whittier Neighborhood NRP Phase II Neighborhood Action Plan.
- Heritage Preservation Commission (Gail Bronner) 1976 Washburn-Fair Oaks: A study for preservation.
Research Articles
- Allen, Jeffrey 2003 Affordable Housing in the Whittier Neighborhood. Minneapolis: Whittier Alliance.
- Arwade, Jennifer 2000 Citizen Participation in City Planning: how much is enough? The Minneapolis Neighborhood Revitalization Program and Trenton, New Jersey. A senior thesis submitted to the Department of Politics for B.A. Princeton NJ: Princeton University. (Whittier case study is p. 42-46).
- Dowdell, Richard, Amy Jeu, and Marcus Martin 2001 Whittier Analysis of Impacts on Residential Property Values. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Center for Urban and Regional Affairs
- Fagotto, Elena and Archon Fung 2005 The Minneapolis Neighborhood Revitalization Program: an experiment in empowered participatory government
- Fagotto, Elena and Archon Fung 2005 Appendix to The Minneapolis Neighborhood Revitalization Program
- Fagotto, Elena and Archon Fung 2006 Empowered Participation in Minneapolis: The Neighborhood Revitalization Program. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol. 30, No. 3: 638-55
- Goetz, Edward and Mara Sidney 1994 Neighborhood Revitalization for Whom? CURA Reporter, June 94:11-15. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Center for Urban and Regional Affairs.
- Goetz, Edward and Mara Sidney 1994 Impact of the Minneapolis Neighborhood Revitalization Program on Neighborhood Organizations. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Center for Urban and Regional Affairs.
- Goetz, Edward and Mara Sidney 1994 Revenge of the property owners: community development and the politics of property. Journal of Urban Affairs 16(4):319-334.
- Goetz, Edward, Hin Kin Lam, and Anne Heitlinger 1996 There Goes the Neighborhood? Subsidized Housing in Urban Neighborhoods. CURA Reporter April 96:1-6. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota.
- Goetz, Edward, Hin Kin Lam, and Anne Heitlinger 1996 There Goes the Neighborhood? The Impact of Subsidized Multi-Family Housing on Urban Neighborhoods. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Center for Urban and Regional Affairs.
- Goetz, Edward and Brian Schaffer 2004 An Evaluation of the Minneapolis Neighborhood Information System. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Center for Urban and Regional Affairs.
- HACER 1998 Latino Realities: A Vibrant Community Emerges in South Minneapolis. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Center for Urban and Regional Affairs
- Institute on Race and Poverty 1998 Neighborhood Atlas for the building better futures initiative: Whitter. 7/17/98. Minneapolis: Institute on Race and Poverty.
- Jacobson, Justin 2005 Eat Street. Geography Department Master’s Thesis. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota.
- Malaby, Elizabeth and Tom Brady-Leighton 1994 Whittier Homeownership Center Targeting Project. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Center for Urban and Regional Affairs. (the focus group discussions provided insights into Whittier Alliance efforts to attract new homeowners and retain current ones)
- Matson, Jeffrey Minneapolis Neighborhood Information System 2002 Whittier Supportive Housing Project. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Center for Urban and Regional Affairs. (simple maps and stats for supportive Housing in the Lydia area
- Mielke, Andrew (for the Whittier Housing Corporation) 1998 Housing in the Whittier Neighborhood. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Center for Urban and Regional Affairs.
- Pike, Ronald 1989 Multi-Family Housing change in the Whittier Neighborhood: responses to a 1960s building boom of 2 ½ story walkups. Department of Geography, University of Minnesota.
- Rohe, W Learning from Adversity, Whittier housing corp
- Sage-Martinson, Jonathon 1998 Whittier Works Business Survey. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Center for Urban and Regional Affairs
- Smith, Rebecca Lou 1980 Whittier: A Revitalization Effort in the Inner City. CURA Reporter 10(3):10-12. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Center for Urban and Regional Affairs.
- Smith, Rebecca Lou 1982 Neighborhood Inside and Out: Comparative Perspectives on the Meaning of "Neighborhood." Dissertation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Center for Urban and Regional Affairs.
- Smith, Rebecca Lou and Thomas Anding 1980 Community Involvement in the Whittier Neighborhood: An Analysis of Neighborhood Conditions and Neighborhood Change. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Center for Urban and Regional Affairs.
History
- Adams, John S., and Barbara VanDrasek 1993 Minneapolis-St. Paul: People, place and public life. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. (historical for Nicollet)
- Dipman, David, and Hila Dipman 1974 Whittier's Early Beginnings. Notes for the Whittier Day Celebration, September 8, 1974. Minneapolis, MN.
- Hart, Joseph 1997 How Little Asia Was Born. City Pages, Minneapolis/St. Paul. March 12.
- Martin, Judith 1983 Minneapolis Survey: How the City Grew and What Should be Preserved. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Center for Urban and Regional Affairs.
- Olson, Russell L. 1976. The Electric Railways of Minnesota. Hopkins, MN: Minnesota Transportation Museum. (includes Nicollet Ave line)
- Thornley, Stew. 1988. On To Nicollet: The Glory and Fame of the Minneapolis Millers. Minneapolis, MN: Nodin Press. (includes history of the old Nicollet line out to the ballpark)
- Whittier Alliance (John Share, Carol Anderson, Sally Grans, Lisa Kugler) 1985 History of 2-1/2 Story Walk-up Apartments in Whittier. Minneapolis, MN: Whittier Alliance.
News Articles
- Hammond, Ruth 1977 There's an effort underway to improve Whittier neighborhood's poor self-image. Minneapolis Tribune. December 10.
- Hammond, Ruth 1982 When Dayton's became a pal to Whittier, the whole neighborhood brightened up. Minneapolis Tribune. April 3.
- Inskip, Leonard 1982 Whittier: a model partnership for improvement. Minneapolis Tribune. March 9.
- Inskip, Leonard 1984 Grant leaves Whittier neighbors a stronger, more effective group. Minneapolis Star and Tribune. April 25.
- Leydon, Peter 1992 Homeowners Take Over Board. Star Tribune 11/5/92. Minneapolis.
- Leydon, Peter 1992 Whittier’s Vision, city agenda in conflict. Star Tribune 2/25/92. Minneapolis.
- Buchta, Jim 1993 Spotlight on Whittier. Star Tribune Home Section 11/2/93.
- Iggers, Jeremy 1997 Eat Street. Minneapolis Star-Tribune. January 3.
- Jossi, Frank 2002 Neighbors plan Nicollet's facelift. The Business Journal, Minneapolis - St. Paul. May 17.
- Smith, Scott D. 2002 'Eat Street' plans more retail. The Business Journal, Minneapolis - St. Paul. May 15.