Vsevolod Zaderatsky
Encyclopedia
Vsevolod Petrovich Zaderatsky (Всеволод Петрович Задерацкий) (Rivne
21 December 1891-Lviv
, 1 February 1953) was a Russian and Ukrainian composer and pianist who was blacklisted for most of his life. His son, Vsevolod Vsevolodovich Zaderatsky (Всеволод Всеволодович Задерацкий, b. 1935), is a professor of the Moscow Conservatory
.
he studied music at the Moscow Conservatory
, being drafted in 1916 and fighting in World War I
, from 1918-1920 in the army of Anton Denikin. After the war he continued his studies under Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov
and Sergey Taneyev, graduating from the conservatory in 1923. From the mid-1920s he lived in Ryazan
and began performing as a pianist, giving many solo concerts, and performing together with the famous bass Grigory Pirogov
.
In 1926 he was arrested and sent to Ryazan
prison, and all his compositions were destroyed. In 1929 he received permission to live and work in Moscow
, and in 1930 he gained the position of composer at All-Union Radio. While in Moscow Zaderatsky joined the Association for Contemporary Music (ACM) just as the rival group, the Russian Association of Proletarian Musicians
(RAPM) was rising to ascendancy and the Terror (Yezhovshchina)
escalating. In 1932 the members of the ACM were suppressed. In 1934 he was sent to Yaroslavl
, where in March 1937 he was arrested. In July 1939 he was released from the Sevvostlag
and in early 1940 was back in Yaroslavl.
At the beginning of World War II
he was evacuated with his family to the city of Merke
(Kazakhstan
). From 1945 he lived in Zhytomyr
, then returned to Yaroslavl, and was a delegate to the first Congress of Soviet Composers
in 1948. From 1949 till the end of his life, he lived in Lviv
and worked at Lviv Conservatory
.
Rivne
Rivne or Rovno is a historic city in western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Rivne Oblast , as well as the administrative center of the surrounding Rivne Raion within the oblast...
21 December 1891-Lviv
Lviv
Lviv is a city in western Ukraine. The city is regarded as one of the main cultural centres of today's Ukraine and historically has also been a major Polish and Jewish cultural center, as Poles and Jews were the two main ethnicities of the city until the outbreak of World War II and the following...
, 1 February 1953) was a Russian and Ukrainian composer and pianist who was blacklisted for most of his life. His son, Vsevolod Vsevolodovich Zaderatsky (Всеволод Всеволодович Задерацкий, b. 1935), is a professor of the Moscow Conservatory
Moscow Conservatory
The Moscow Conservatory is a higher musical education institution in Moscow, and the second oldest conservatory in Russia after St. Petersburg Conservatory. Along with the St...
.
Life
Zaderatsky was born 21 December 1891 in the family of a railway official. After graduating from high school in KurskKursk
Kursk is a city and the administrative center of Kursk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Kur, Tuskar, and Seym Rivers. The area around Kursk was site of a turning point in the Russian-German struggle during World War II and the site of the largest tank battle in history...
he studied music at the Moscow Conservatory
Moscow Conservatory
The Moscow Conservatory is a higher musical education institution in Moscow, and the second oldest conservatory in Russia after St. Petersburg Conservatory. Along with the St...
, being drafted in 1916 and fighting in World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, from 1918-1920 in the army of Anton Denikin. After the war he continued his studies under Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov
Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov
Mikhail Mikhailovich Ippolitov-Ivanov was a Russian composer, conductor and teacher.- Biography :...
and Sergey Taneyev, graduating from the conservatory in 1923. From the mid-1920s he lived in Ryazan
Ryazan
Ryazan is a city and the administrative center of Ryazan Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Oka River southeast of Moscow. Population: The strategic bomber base Dyagilevo is just west of the city, and the air base of Alexandrovo is to the southeast as is the Ryazan Turlatovo Airport...
and began performing as a pianist, giving many solo concerts, and performing together with the famous bass Grigory Pirogov
Grigory Pirogov
Grigory Stepanovich Pirogov was a Russian bass opera singer.Grigory was born in the village of Novoselki, Ryazan, one of four of five brothers who became singers, most notably including his younger brother Alexander Pirogov who from 1924-54 was one of the bass soloists of the Bolshoi Theatre...
.
In 1926 he was arrested and sent to Ryazan
Ryazan
Ryazan is a city and the administrative center of Ryazan Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Oka River southeast of Moscow. Population: The strategic bomber base Dyagilevo is just west of the city, and the air base of Alexandrovo is to the southeast as is the Ryazan Turlatovo Airport...
prison, and all his compositions were destroyed. In 1929 he received permission to live and work in Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
, and in 1930 he gained the position of composer at All-Union Radio. While in Moscow Zaderatsky joined the Association for Contemporary Music (ACM) just as the rival group, the Russian Association of Proletarian Musicians
Russian Association of Proletarian Musicians
The Russian Association of Proletarian Musicians or RAPM was a musicians' creative union of the early Soviet period.In 1932 it was disbanded, together with other unions, such as RAPP, by The Decree on the Reformation of Literary and Artistic Organizations on April 23, 1932....
(RAPM) was rising to ascendancy and the Terror (Yezhovshchina)
Great Purge
The Great Purge was a series of campaigns of political repression and persecution in the Soviet Union orchestrated by Joseph Stalin from 1936 to 1938...
escalating. In 1932 the members of the ACM were suppressed. In 1934 he was sent to Yaroslavl
Yaroslavl
Yaroslavl is a city and the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located northeast of Moscow. The historical part of the city, a World Heritage Site, is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Kotorosl Rivers. It is one of the Golden Ring cities, a group of historic cities...
, where in March 1937 he was arrested. In July 1939 he was released from the Sevvostlag
Sevvostlag
Sevvostlag was a system of forced labor camps set up to satisfy the workforce requirements of the Dalstroy construction trust in the Kolyma region in April 1932. Organizationally being part of Dalstroy and under the management of the Labor and Defence Council of Sovnarkom, these camps were...
and in early 1940 was back in Yaroslavl.
At the beginning of World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
he was evacuated with his family to the city of Merke
Merki District
Merki is a district of Zhambyl Province in south-eastern Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is Merki town....
(Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
). From 1945 he lived in Zhytomyr
Zhytomyr
Zhytomyr is a city in the North of the western half of Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Zhytomyr Oblast , as well as the administrative center of the surrounding Zhytomyr Raion...
, then returned to Yaroslavl, and was a delegate to the first Congress of Soviet Composers
Union of Soviet Composers
The USSR Union of Composers or Union of Composers of the USSR , , was a professional organisation of composers in the Soviet Union...
in 1948. From 1949 till the end of his life, he lived in Lviv
Lviv
Lviv is a city in western Ukraine. The city is regarded as one of the main cultural centres of today's Ukraine and historically has also been a major Polish and Jewish cultural center, as Poles and Jews were the two main ethnicities of the city until the outbreak of World War II and the following...
and worked at Lviv Conservatory
Lviv Conservatory
The Lviv National Musical Academy, M. Lysenko is a state conservatory of Ukraine based in Lviv.-History:...
.
Selected recordings
- Preludes Shostakovich, Zaderatsky: Jascha Nemtsov. Profil.
- Songs - Zaderatsky, Arthur LouriéArthur LouriéArthur-Vincent Lourié, born Naum Izrailevich Luria , later changed his name to Artur Sergeyevich Luriye was a significant Russian composer. Lourié played an important role in the earliest stages of the organization of Soviet music after the 1917 Revolution but later went into exile...
, Shostakovich. Verena Rein. Jascha Nemtsov. Profil