Voskhod (hydrofoil)
Encyclopedia
Voskhod (Design 352 and Design 03521) is a type of passenger hydrofoil
boat
built in the Soviet Union
and later in Ukraine
. They are intended for use in rivers and lakes, but good seaworthiness allows them to operate coastal sea areas as well.
and
Meteors. The first boat of this type was built at the Morye shipbuilding
plant in Theodosia
in Crimea
. By the early 1990s, around 150 Voskhod boats had been
built. However, the production almost ceased later on, due to the problems the manufacturer
experienced adapting to the new economic situation in the country.
, Voskhods were exported to 18 other countries, including Canada
, Greece
, Vietnam
, China
, the Netherlands
, Austria
, Hungary
, Bulgaria
, Thailand
, Turkey
. Recently some Voskhod-type boats (model Voskhod-2M FFF, also known as Eurofoil), were built for the Dutch public transport operator Connexxion
.
In the Netherlands
, Voskhod Eurofoil boats operate along the North Sea Canal
between Amsterdam Centraal railway station and Velsen
near the North Sea
coast. The scheduled service takes half an hour, and is part of the national public transport network
serving both commuters and tourists. The boats have been modified for the Dutch market
to securely carry passengers bicycle
s in racks on the upper deck.
When the line first opened in 1998, it used four Voskhods that had been previously used in Ukraine. In 2002, three new boats were built for Connexxion in Theodosia
(Nos. 604, 605, 606; in the Netherlands, however, each one received a "personal" name). Connexxion then sold three of the old Voskhods, but the fourth, named "Annemarie", is kept by the operator as a spare boat.
Specifications:
Hydrofoil
A hydrofoil is a foil which operates in water. They are similar in appearance and purpose to airfoils.Hydrofoils can be artificial, such as the rudder or keel on a boat, the diving planes on a submarine, a surfboard fin, or occur naturally, as with fish fins, the flippers of aquatic mammals, the...
boat
Boat
A boat is a watercraft of any size designed to float or plane, to provide passage across water. Usually this water will be inland or in protected coastal areas. However, boats such as the whaleboat were designed to be operated from a ship in an offshore environment. In naval terms, a boat is a...
built in the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
and later in Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
. They are intended for use in rivers and lakes, but good seaworthiness allows them to operate coastal sea areas as well.
History
Voskhod was designed to replace older passenger hydrofoil boats: RaketasRaketa (hydrofoil)
Raketa was the first type of hydrofoil boats commercially produced in the Soviet Union. They were manufactured from 1957 until the early 1970s...
and
Meteors. The first boat of this type was built at the Morye shipbuilding
plant in Theodosia
Theodosia
Feodosiya is a port and resort city in Crimea, Ukraine, on the Black Sea coast. During much of its history the town was known as Caffa or Kaffa .- History :...
in Crimea
Crimea
Crimea , or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea , is a sub-national unit, an autonomous republic, of Ukraine. It is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea, occupying a peninsula of the same name...
. By the early 1990s, around 150 Voskhod boats had been
built. However, the production almost ceased later on, due to the problems the manufacturer
experienced adapting to the new economic situation in the country.
Worldwide use
Besides the Soviet UnionSoviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
, Voskhods were exported to 18 other countries, including Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
, Greece
Greece
Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
, Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
, China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
, the Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
, Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
, Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
, Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...
, Thailand
Thailand
Thailand , officially the Kingdom of Thailand , formerly known as Siam , is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula and Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the...
, Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
. Recently some Voskhod-type boats (model Voskhod-2M FFF, also known as Eurofoil), were built for the Dutch public transport operator Connexxion
Connexxion
Connexxion is the largest public transport bus company in the Netherlands, operating in the west, middle, east and far northern part of the country. It was formed in 1999 as result of a fusion between the public transport companies NZH, ZWN, Midnet and Oostnet. Its name is a mutation of the French...
.
In the Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
, Voskhod Eurofoil boats operate along the North Sea Canal
North Sea Canal
The North Sea Canal is a Dutch ship canal from Amsterdam to the North Sea at IJmuiden, constructed between 1865 and 1876 to enable seafaring vessels to reach the port of Amsterdam...
between Amsterdam Centraal railway station and Velsen
Velsen
Velsen is a municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. It is located on both sides of the North Sea Canal.On the north side of the North Sea Canal, in IJmuiden, there is a major steel plant, Corus Strip Products IJmuiden, formerly known as Koninklijke Hoogovens...
near the North Sea
North Sea
In the southwest, beyond the Straits of Dover, the North Sea becomes the English Channel connecting to the Atlantic Ocean. In the east, it connects to the Baltic Sea via the Skagerrak and Kattegat, narrow straits that separate Denmark from Norway and Sweden respectively...
coast. The scheduled service takes half an hour, and is part of the national public transport network
Transport in the Netherlands
-Rail transport:Rail transport for public transport is operated mainly by Nederlandse Spoorwegen , minor parts by Arriva, Syntus, Connexxion, DB Regionalbahn Westfalen, Veolia Transport Nederland and Prignitzer Eisenbahn .The Dutch rail network is the busiest network in the entire world.-Public...
serving both commuters and tourists. The boats have been modified for the Dutch market
Cycling in the Netherlands
Cycling in the Netherlands is a common and popular method of both transport and also recreation. The country is well equipped with cycle-paths and other segregated cycle facilities. The network reaches all parts of the nation and into the bordering nations of Belgium and Germany...
to securely carry passengers bicycle
Bicycle
A bicycle, also known as a bike, pushbike or cycle, is a human-powered, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. A person who rides a bicycle is called a cyclist, or bicyclist....
s in racks on the upper deck.
When the line first opened in 1998, it used four Voskhods that had been previously used in Ukraine. In 2002, three new boats were built for Connexxion in Theodosia
Theodosia
Feodosiya is a port and resort city in Crimea, Ukraine, on the Black Sea coast. During much of its history the town was known as Caffa or Kaffa .- History :...
(Nos. 604, 605, 606; in the Netherlands, however, each one received a "personal" name). Connexxion then sold three of the old Voskhods, but the fourth, named "Annemarie", is kept by the operator as a spare boat.
Specifications:
- Accommodation: 71 passengers
- Length: 27.6 metres (90.6 ft)
- Width: 6.4 metres (21 ft)
- Draft (displacement mode): 2.1 metres (6.9 ft)
- Draft (foilbourne): 1.1 metres (3.6 ft)
- Cruising speed: 60 kilometres per hour (37.3 mph) (33 knots)
- Engine power: 810 kWWattThe watt is a derived unit of power in the International System of Units , named after the Scottish engineer James Watt . The unit, defined as one joule per second, measures the rate of energy conversion.-Definition:...
(1090 horsepowerHorsepowerHorsepower is the name of several units of measurement of power. The most common definitions equal between 735.5 and 750 watts.Horsepower was originally defined to compare the output of steam engines with the power of draft horses in continuous operation. The unit was widely adopted to measure the...
) - Range: 500 km