Voodoo Child (Slight Return)
Encyclopedia
"Voodoo Child" is the closing track on Electric Ladyland
Electric Ladyland
Electric Ladyland is the third and final album of new material by the Jimi Hendrix Experience, released in October 1968 on Reprise Records, catalogue 2RS 6307. It is the only Hendrix studio album professionally produced under his supervision. It topped the Billboard 200 album chart for two weeks in...

, the third and final album by the Jimi Hendrix Experience
The Jimi Hendrix Experience
The Jimi Hendrix Experience were an English-American psychedelic rock band that formed in London in October 1966. Comprising eponymous singer-songwriter and guitarist Jimi Hendrix, bassist and backing vocalist Noel Redding and drummer Mitch Mitchell, the band was active until June 1969, in which...

. The song is known for its wah-wah-heavy guitar
Guitar
The guitar is a plucked string instrument, usually played with fingers or a pick. The guitar consists of a body with a rigid neck to which the strings, generally six in number, are attached. Guitars are traditionally constructed of various woods and strung with animal gut or, more recently, with...

 work. It is #101 on Rolling Stone
Rolling Stone
Rolling Stone is a US-based magazine devoted to music, liberal politics, and popular culture that is published every two weeks. Rolling Stone was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and music critic Ralph J...

's list of 500 greatest songs of all time.

The song was recorded in 1968, and was re-released as a single
Single (music)
In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a recording of fewer tracks than an LP or a CD. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats. In most cases, the single is a song that is released separately from an album, but it can still appear...

 after Hendrix's death in 1970. It reached Number 1 in the UK, making it the band's only single to top the charts. It was catalogued as "Voodoo Chile" (Track 2095 001), and that is the title which appears on the single and is the title referred to officially. This obviously confuses it with the 15-minute song "Voodoo Chile
Voodoo Chile
"Voodoo Chile" is a song written by Jimi Hendrix and recorded in 1968, closing Side 1 of The Jimi Hendrix Experience album Electric Ladyland. The song is Hendrix's longest studio recording and features additional musicians in what has been described as a "studio jam"...

" also on Electric Ladyland. The B-side of the single featured two of his previous hits: "Hey Joe
Hey Joe
"Hey Joe" is an American popular song from the 1960s that has become a rock standard and as such, has been performed in a multitude of musical styles by hundreds of different artists since it was first written. "Hey Joe" tells the story of a man who is on the run and planning to head to Mexico...

" and "All Along the Watchtower".

Origins and recording

The genesis of "Voodoo Child (Slight Return)" was essentially in "Voodoo Chile
Voodoo Chile
"Voodoo Chile" is a song written by Jimi Hendrix and recorded in 1968, closing Side 1 of The Jimi Hendrix Experience album Electric Ladyland. The song is Hendrix's longest studio recording and features additional musicians in what has been described as a "studio jam"...

", a long blues
Blues
Blues is the name given to both a musical form and a music genre that originated in African-American communities of primarily the "Deep South" of the United States at the end of the 19th century from spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts and chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads...

 jam
Jam session
Jam sessions are often used by musicians to develop new material, find suitable arrangements, or simply as a social gathering and communal practice session. Jam sessions may be based upon existing songs or forms, may be loosely based on an agreed chord progression or chart suggested by one...

 featuring guest Steve Winwood
Steve Winwood
Stephen Lawrence "Steve" Winwood is an English international recording artist whose career spans nearly 50 years. He is a songwriter and a musician whose genres include soul music , R&B, rock, blues-rock, pop-rock, and jazz...

. On May 3, 1968 (the day after "Voodoo Chile"'s recording), a crew from ABC
American Broadcasting Company
The American Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcasting television network. Created in 1943 from the former NBC Blue radio network, ABC is owned by The Walt Disney Company and is part of Disney-ABC Television Group. Its first broadcast on television was in 1948...

 filmed the Jimi Hendrix Experience while they played. As Hendrix explained it:
[S]omeone was filming when we started doing [Voodoo Child]. We did that about three times because they wanted to film us in the studio, to make us—"Make it look like you're recording, boys"—one of them scenes, you know, so, "OK, let's play this in E
Key (music)
In music theory, the term key is used in many different and sometimes contradictory ways. A common use is to speak of music as being "in" a specific key, such as in the key of C major or in the key of F-sharp. Sometimes the terms "major" or "minor" are appended, as in the key of A minor or in the...

, a-one, a-two, a-three", and then we went into "Voodoo Child".


The song became one of Hendrix's staples in live performances and would vary in length from 7 to 18 minutes. Notable live performances were at Woodstock and during his 1969 show at the Royal Albert Hall
Royal Albert Hall
The Royal Albert Hall is a concert hall situated on the northern edge of the South Kensington area, in the City of Westminster, London, England, best known for holding the annual summer Proms concerts since 1941....

, originally released on the posthumous Hendrix in the West
Hendrix in the West
Hendrix in the West was a posthumous live album by Jimi Hendrix, released in January 1972 by Polydor Records, and later in February by Reprise Records...

album, later re-released on the Experienced Box Set. On the Band of Gypsys
Band of Gypsys
Band of Gypsys was a blues rock band led by Jimi Hendrix and backed by Billy Cox and Buddy Miles. Hendrix formed the band after the dissolution of The Jimi Hendrix Experience. Band of Gypsys is also the band's eponymous live album recorded on two separate nights, 31 December 1969 and 1 January...

 live album Live at the Fillmore East, Hendrix refers to the song as the Black Panthers' national anthem.

Personnel

  • Jimi Hendrix
    Jimi Hendrix
    James Marshall "Jimi" Hendrix was an American guitarist and singer-songwriter...

    : Electric guitar
    Electric guitar
    An electric guitar is a guitar that uses the principle of direct electromagnetic induction to convert vibrations of its metal strings into electric audio signals. The signal generated by an electric guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, so it is amplified before sending it to a loudspeaker...

    , Lead Vocals, Percussion
  • Noel Redding
    Noel Redding
    Noel Redding was an English rock and roll guitarist best known as the bassist for The Jimi Hendrix Experience.-Biography:...

    : Bass guitar
    Bass guitar
    The bass guitar is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb , or by using a pick....

  • Mitch Mitchell
    Mitch Mitchell
    John Ronald "Mitch" Mitchell was an English drummer, best known for his work in The Jimi Hendrix Experience.-Early life and the Jimi Hendrix Experience:...

    : Drum kit
    Drum kit
    A drum kit is a collection of drums, cymbals and often other percussion instruments, such as cowbells, wood blocks, triangles, chimes, or tambourines, arranged for convenient playing by a single person ....

    , Percussion


Additional
  • Jimi Hendrix
    Jimi Hendrix
    James Marshall "Jimi" Hendrix was an American guitarist and singer-songwriter...

    : Producer
    Record producer
    A record producer is an individual working within the music industry, whose job is to oversee and manage the recording of an artist's music...

  • Eddie Kramer
    Eddie Kramer
    Edwin H. Kramer is an audio engineer and producer who has worked with, among others, Led Zeppelin, Triumph, Kiss , Jimi Hendrix, The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, David Bowie, Spooky Tooth, Peter Frampton, Curtis Mayfield, Santana, Anthrax, Carly Simon, Loudness, and Robin Trower.-1960s:Eddie...

    : Engineer
    Audio engineering
    An audio engineer, also called audio technician, audio technologist or sound technician, is a specialist in a skilled trade that deals with the use of machinery and equipment for the recording, mixing and reproduction of sounds. The field draws on many artistic and vocational areas, including...


Legacy

Hendrix's solo was named the 11th greatest solo of all-time in Guitar World
Guitar World
Guitar World is a monthly music magazine devoted to guitarists. It contains original interviews, album and gear reviews and guitar and bass tablature of approximately five songs each month. The magazine is published 13 times per year...

's 100 Greatest Guitar Solos; Guitar Legends Issue #46. Hendrix was listed 6 times, more than any other artist on the list.

In the same issue Joe Satriani
Joe Satriani
Joseph "Joe" Satriani is an American instrumental rock guitarist and multi-instrumentalist, with multiple Grammy Award nominations...

 listed this as his favorite guitar solo:


"It's just the greatest piece of electric guitar work ever recorded. In fact, the whole song could be considered the holy grail of guitar expression and technique. It is a beacon of humanity."


Kenny Wayne Shepherd
Kenny Wayne Shepherd
Kenny Wayne Shepherd is an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He has released several studio albums and experienced a rare level of commercial success both as a blues artist and a young musician.-Biography:Shepherd graduated Caddo Magnet High School in Shreveport, Louisiana...

:

"This is pretty much the guitar anthem of all time. From that amazing opening riff to the way he breaks it down in the middle and gets funky, the whole thing is incredible. There are things Jimi did on the guitar that humans just can't do. You can try all day, even if you're playing the right notes, it's not the same. It definitely seems as if he was coming from a higher place when he played."

Composition and analysis

Voodoo Child is a blues rock song performed by The Jimi Hendrix Experience. The piece itself is performed by three people: Jimi Hendrix on guitar and vocals, Noel Redding on bass guitar and Mitch Mitchell on Drums (there is also a recording with an organ). The song is, or at least seems, very much improvised, as blues is renowned for being. The song is in D#m throughout with no key changes, the closest it gets is when the guitar uses notes from outside the scale. It starts with Jimi “messing” with a wah effect and picking palm-muted strings for a percussive effect, he then brings in the intro riff still using his wah effect. The drum comes in with syncopated bass kicks in time to some of the guitar notes accenting them. The main riff then comes in with a drum fill. The guitar uses the blues’ sharp 4 with a few note bends, hammer-ons and pull off are also used to add some legato. Jimi then takes off with a short solo which then moves to the first verse in which the guitar follows the vocal melody making the song homophonic; it would be monophonic but the bass playing a steady, rhythmic D# pedal note. The lyrics here are rather simple and repetitive, showing the instrumentation here to still be a rather large focus as opposed to some other songs like Bohemian Rhapsody with its accapella sections. The song then moves to a short pre-chorus which shies away from the D# pedal point with C#m7 and Cm7 chords (both with no 5th) and after moving back to D# the song hits the chorus. The chorus is repeated twice throughout the song, both times followed by a solo. After the first time, another verse is played, this time with different lyrics, they still repeat though. The pre-chorus also has different lyrics and a different drum beat. After the chorus once again another guitar solo is played, this time the band don’t hold back and Jimi uses every guitar technique he can fit into just less than two minutes (about a third of the song!). These techniques include: hammer- ons and pull-offs, pitch bends, wah, tremolo picking, using the tone switch on the guitar to make a stuttered, staccato effect and many more. The song then fades out just as Jimi ends his solo leaving the song at 5 minutes 12, most of which is just Jimi soloing.

Cover versions

  • The song was covered and released by the Argentine
    Argentina
    Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...

     band Divididos
    Divididos
    Divididos is an Argentine rock band.The band was formed in 1988 after the death of Luca Prodan and the consequent dissolution of the band Sumo...

     in their record "Acariciando lo Áspero". The song is usually performed in their concerts. The guitar player, Ricardo Mollo, usually does the main riffs of the song with different objects such as trainers, tennis balls, drumsticks, carrots, and his own teeth.
  • The song featured as a jam between Joe Satriani
    Joe Satriani
    Joseph "Joe" Satriani is an American instrumental rock guitarist and multi-instrumentalist, with multiple Grammy Award nominations...

    , Steve Vai
    Steve Vai
    Steven Siro "Steve" Vai is a three time Grammy Award-winning American guitarist, songwriter and producer who has sold over 15 million albums. Steve Vai is widely known as a flamboyant guitar virtuoso....

     and Yngwie Malmsteen at G3: Live in Denver
    G3: Live in Denver
    G3: Live in Denver is a live DVD of G3, the touring band in which Joe Satriani and Steve Vai invite another player to come tour with them. In 2003, Yngwie Malmsteen was the chosen one. Along with this DVD, a double-CD album was released, G3: Rockin' in the Free World. The DVD was recorded at the...

     in 2003.
  • The intro of the song was sometimes covered by Slash
    Slash (musician)
    Saul Hudson , known by his stage name Slash, is a British-American musician and songwriter. He is best known as the former lead guitarist of the American hard rock band Guns N' Roses, with whom he achieved worldwide success in the late 1980s and early 1990s. During his later years with Guns N'...

     before Guns N' Roses
    Guns N' Roses
    Guns N' Roses is an American hard rock band, formed in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, in 1985. The band has released six studio albums, three EPs, and one live album...

     went into "Civil War
    Civil War (song)
    "Civil War" is a song by the rock band Guns N' Roses, which originally appeared on the 1990 compilation Nobody's Child: Romanian Angel Appeal and later on the 1991 album Use Your Illusion II...

    " during their Use Your Illusion Tour
    Use Your Illusion Tour
    The Use Your Illusion Tour was a concert tour by the rock band Guns N' Roses which ran from January 20, 1991 to July 17, 1993. It was not only the band's longest tour, but one of the longest concert tours in rock history, consisting of 194 shows in 27 countries...

    .
  • The intro riff is used by The Pink Blue Things in the solo to "Smile Over Substance"
  • Buddy Guy
    Buddy Guy
    George "Buddy" Guy is an American blues and jazz guitarist and singer. He is a critically acclaimed artist who has established himself as a pioneer of the Chicago blues sound, and has served as an influence to some of the most notable musicians of his generation...

     covered it live.
  • The song has also been covered numerous times by Ben Harper
    Ben Harper
    Benjamin Chase "Ben" Harper is an American singer-songwriter and musician. Harper plays an eclectic mix of blues, folk, soul, reggae and rock music and is known for his guitar-playing skills, vocals, live performances and activism. Harper's fan base spans several continents...

     during live performances
  • Pearl Jam
    Pearl Jam
    Pearl Jam is an American rock band that formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1990. Since its inception, the band's line-up has included Eddie Vedder , Jeff Ament , Stone Gossard , and Mike McCready...

     played it once.
  • The song was also covered by Angélique Kidjo
    Angélique Kidjo
    Angélique Kpasseloko Hinto Hounsinou Kandjo Manta Zogbin Kidjo, commonly known as Angélique Kidjo is a Grammy Award–winning Beninoise singer-songwriter and activist, noted for her diverse musical influences and creative music videos. Time Magazine has called her "Africa's premier diva". The BBC has...

     for her 1998 album Oremi.
  • Another cover was recorded by Yngwie Malmsteen on the album The Genesis
    The Genesis
    -Personnel:*Yngwie J. Malmsteen - Guitars, Bass, Vocals*Marcel Jacob - Bass *Zepp Urgard - Drums...

    .
  • Mick Mars
    Mick Mars
    Mick Mars is the lead guitarist for American heavy metal band Mötley Crüe.-Career:After his family relocated from Indiana, to California, Bob Deal dropped out of high school and began playing guitar in a series of unsuccessful blues based rock bands throughout the seventies, taking on menial day...

     of Mötley Crüe
    Mötley Crüe
    Mötley Crüe is an American heavy metal band formed in Los Angeles, California in 1981. The group was founded by bass guitarist Nikki Sixx and drummer Tommy Lee, who were later joined by lead guitarist Mick Mars and lead singer Vince Neil...

     used parts of the song during his guitar solo during the Carnival of Sins tour in 2006 and during Cruefest in 2008.
  • The song was covered by Zakk Wylde
    Zakk Wylde
    Zachary Phillip Wylde , best known by the stage name Zakk Wylde, is an American musician, songwriter, and occasional actor who is best known as the former guitarist for Ozzy Osbourne and founder of the heavy metal band Black Label Society. He was the lead guitarist and vocalist in Pride & Glory,...

    's band Pride and Glory also featuring Slash
    Slash (musician)
    Saul Hudson , known by his stage name Slash, is a British-American musician and songwriter. He is best known as the former lead guitarist of the American hard rock band Guns N' Roses, with whom he achieved worldwide success in the late 1980s and early 1990s. During his later years with Guns N'...

     of Guns N' Roses
    Guns N' Roses
    Guns N' Roses is an American hard rock band, formed in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, in 1985. The band has released six studio albums, three EPs, and one live album...

     at Gibson Guitar Corporation
    Gibson Guitar Corporation
    The Gibson Guitar Corporation, formerly of Kalamazoo, Michigan and currently of Nashville, Tennessee, manufactures guitars and other instruments which sell under a variety of brand names...

    's 100th Anniversary.
  • Gabriel Ríos
    Gabriel Rios
    Gabriel Ríos is a Puerto Rican musician currently residing in Brooklyn.-Biography:As a child Ríos was member of his church choir, and in addition to this early exposure to music his father also taught him to play the guitar. After finishing his studies at the Academia del Perpetuo Socorro high...

     and Jef Neve made an acoustic cover of the song for Rios' album Angelhead/Morehead.
  • The intro riff is used in the song Rest in Peace
    Rest in Peace (song)
    "Rest in Peace" is the first single from Extreme's third studio album III Sides to Every Story. The single was released in 1992.-Music video:...

     by the funk metal
    Funk metal
    Funk metal is a subgenre of funk rock that fuses elements of heavy metal and funk. Allmusic has claimed that "funk metal evolved in the mid-'80s when alternative bands like the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Faith No More, Infectious Grooves, Mordred and Fishbone began playing the hybrid with a stronger...

     band Extreme
    Extreme (band)
    Extreme is an American rock band, headed by frontmen Gary Cherone and Nuno Bettencourt, that reached the height of their popularity in the late 1980s and early 1990s.Among some of Extreme's musical influences are Queen and Van Halen...

    .
  • The song was covered by Kenny Wayne Shepherd
    Kenny Wayne Shepherd
    Kenny Wayne Shepherd is an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He has released several studio albums and experienced a rare level of commercial success both as a blues artist and a young musician.-Biography:Shepherd graduated Caddo Magnet High School in Shreveport, Louisiana...

     and released as a bonus track on his "Blue on Black" single released in 1997 and is a staple in his live setlist.
  • Voodoo Child was also covered by Rob Thomas
    Rob Thomas (musician)
    Robert Kelly "Rob" Thomas is an American rock recording artist and songwriter. He is the primary songwriter and lead singer of the band Matchbox Twenty. Thomas also records and performs as a solo artist...

     and pedal steel maestro Robert Randolph.
  • Lee Mavers
    Lee Mavers
    __notoc__Lee Anthony Mavers is an English musician from Liverpool, England. Mavers was the songwriter, singer and rhythm guitarist in The La's and is perhaps best-known for the hit "There She Goes" in the late 1980s....

     of La's fame is known to have rehearsed with this song for his comeback performances with Gary Murphy on an acoustic guitar.

  • The track was covered by avid Hendrix fan Stevie Ray Vaughan
    Stevie Ray Vaughan
    Stephen Ray "Stevie Ray" Vaughan was an American electric blues guitarist and singer. He was the younger brother of Jimmie Vaughan and frontman for Double Trouble, a band that included bassist Tommy Shannon and drummer Chris Layton. Born in Dallas, Vaughan moved to Austin at the age of 17 and...

     for his 1984 album Couldn't Stand the Weather
    Couldn't Stand the Weather
    Couldn't Stand the Weather is the second studio album by American blues rock band Stevie Ray Vaughan and Double Trouble. It was released on May 15, 1984 by Epic Records as the follow-up to the band's critically and commercially successful 1983 album Texas Flood. Recording sessions took place in...

    in a slightly extended version. Stevie played this song all throughout his career, and it was included on his 1986 concert album Live Alive
    Live Alive
    For the anime episode see Haruhi Suzumiya.Live Alive is an electric blues album compiled from four live performances by Stevie Ray Vaughan and Double Trouble. The performances were recorded on July 16, 1985 at the Montreux Jazz Festival; July 17-18, 1986 at the Austin Opera House; and July 19,...

    , as well as on several of his live video releases and the 2000 SRV retrospective box set.
  • Top of the Poppers covered the song in 1970, with their version later appearing on their album The Best of Top of the Pops '70
    The Best of Top of the Pops '70
    The Best of Top of the Pops '70 is a 1970 album released by the Top of the Poppers, who were well-known for their cover-versions of popular songs during the 1970s. Despite negative reviews, the album sold well, and was recently re-released on CD and iTunes. Today many consider the album to be...

     (Hallmark HALMCD 1037).
  • The song has also been covered numerous times by the Naughty Thoughts.
  • John Mayer
    John Mayer
    John Clayton Mayer is an American pop rock and blues rock musician, singer-songwriter, recording artist, and music producer. Born in Bridgeport, Connecticut and raised in Fairfield, Connecticut, he attended Berklee College of Music in Boston. He moved to Atlanta in 1997, where he refined his...

     performed this song live at his show at SPAC
    Saratoga Performing Arts Center
    The Saratoga Performing Arts Center is an amphitheater in Saratoga Springs, New York, which presents summer festivals of all kinds of music , dance, and opera, as well as a Wine & Food Festival...

     in Saratoga Springs, New York on August 8, 2010, at First Midwest Bank Amphitheater in Tinley Park, Illinois on August 14, 2010, at USANA Amphitheatre
    USANA Amphitheatre
    The USANA Amphitheatre is a 20,000-seat outdoor amphitheater, located in West Valley City, Utah. The Amphitheater is named after USANA Health Sciences, a manufacturer of nutritional supplements...

     in West Valley City, UT, on August 31, 2010, and again at the famous Red Rocks Amphitheater in Morrison, CO on September 1, 2010.

Other usage

Samples of "Voodoo Child (Slight Return)" feature on the KMFDM
KMFDM
KMFDM is an industrial band led by German multi-instrumentalist Sascha Konietzko, who founded the group in 1984 as a performance art project...

 song "We Must Awaken" from the Money
Money (album)
KMFDM's sixth album, Money, was released in February 1992, and recorded in Hamburg, Germany. It was originally intended to be named Apart, with each of the two core members, Sascha Konietzko and En Esch, recording half an album and combining their work, but ended up using only Konietzko's half...

album and on the KLF songs Justified & Ancient and America: What Time Is Love? The song has been featured in the films Payback, In the Name of the Father, Under Siege
Under Siege
Under Siege is a 1992 American action film directed by Andrew Davis and starring Steven Seagal as a former Navy SEAL who must stop a group of mercenaries, led by Tommy Lee Jones and Gary Busey, on a U.S. Navy battleship...

, Almost Famous
Almost Famous
Almost Famous is a 2000 musical comedy-drama film written and directed by Cameron Crowe and telling the fictional story of a teenage journalist writing for Rolling Stone magazine while covering the fictitious rock band Stillwater , and his efforts to get his first cover story published...

, Black Hawk Down, Flashback and Withnail and I
Withnail and I
Withnail and I is a British black comedy made in 1986 by HandMade Films. It was written and directed by Bruce Robinson and is based on his life in London in the late 1960s. The main plot follows two unemployed young actors, Withnail and “I” who live in a squalid flat in Camden in 1969 while...

. Stevie Ray Vaughan
Stevie Ray Vaughan
Stephen Ray "Stevie Ray" Vaughan was an American electric blues guitarist and singer. He was the younger brother of Jimmie Vaughan and frontman for Double Trouble, a band that included bassist Tommy Shannon and drummer Chris Layton. Born in Dallas, Vaughan moved to Austin at the age of 17 and...

's cover of "Voodoo Child (Slight Return)" was also featured in the 2001 film Black Hawk Down. The song has also been featured in a Nissan Xterra commercial. In addition, pro wrestler Hulk Hogan
Hulk Hogan
Terrance Gene "Terry" Bollea , better known by his ring name Hulk Hogan, is an American Semi-retired professional wrestler, actor, television personality, and musician currently signed to Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ....

 has frequently used this song as his theme music, most notably as a member of the New World Order
New World Order (professional wrestling)
The New World Order was a professional wrestling stable that originally wrestled for World Championship Wrestling . The group later appeared in the World Wrestling Federation after the purchase of WCW by the WWF...

 in WCW
World Championship Wrestling
World Championship Wrestling, Inc. was an American professional wrestling promotion which existed from 1988 to 2001. Based in Atlanta, Georgia, it began as a regional promotion affiliated with the National Wrestling Alliance , named Jim Crockett Promotions until November 1988, when Ted Turner and...

, his return to WWE
World Wrestling Entertainment
World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc. is an American publicly traded, privately controlled entertainment company dealing primarily in professional wrestling, with major revenue sources also coming from film, music, product licensing, and direct product sales...

 as well as his current tenure in TNA
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling is a privately held professional wrestling promotion founded by Jeff Jarrett and Jerry Jarrett. The company broadcasts its events on television and the Internet fifty two weeks a year with over a million weekly viewers on its primary television program, Impact...

.
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