Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

The Crusader state of the Kingdom of Jerusalem

Kingdom of Jerusalem

The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Catholic kingdom established in the Levant in 1099 after the First Crusade. The kingdom lasted nearly two hundred years, from 1099 until 1291 when the last remaining possession, Acre, was destroyed by the Mamluks, but its history is divided into two distinct periods....

, created in 1099, was divided into a number of smaller seigneuries.

Introduction

According to the 13th century jurist John of Ibelin

John of Ibelin (jurist)

John of Ibelin , count of Jaffa and Ascalon, was a noted jurist and the author of the longest legal treatise from the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He was the son of Philip of Ibelin, bailli of the Kingdom of Cyprus, and Alice of Montbéliard, and was the nephew of John of Ibelin, the "Old Lord of Beirut"...

the four highest barons in the kingdom proper were:

the Count of Jaffa and Ascalon
the Prince of Galilee
the Lord of Sidon
the Lord of Oultrejordain

This fourfold division, which did not cover a number of lordships, may be an artificial creation of the 13th century, as the power of various barons fluctuated enormously during the height of the kingdom in the 12th century.

There were also a number of independent seigneuries, and some land held under direct royal control, such as Jerusalem itself, Acre, and Tyre.

Sidon appears to have been rather small, whereas Galilee covered a disproportionate number of sub-vassals and Sidon was located between Galilee's holdings.

Northern States

Aside from the Kingdom of Jerusalem, there were also three other major Crusader states on the mainland:

the County of Edessa
County of Edessa
The County of Edessa was one of the Crusader states in the 12th century, based around Edessa, a city with an ancient history and an early tradition of Christianity....
the County of Tripoli
County of Tripoli
The County of Tripoli was the last Crusader state founded in the Levant, located in what today are parts of western Syria and northern Lebanon, where exists the modern city of Tripoli. The Crusader state was captured and created by Christian forces in 1109, originally held by Bertrand of Toulouse...
the Principality of Antioch
Principality of Antioch
The Principality of Antioch, including parts of modern-day Turkey and Syria, was one of the crusader states created during the First Crusade.-Foundation:...

These states nominally bore some dependency on the kingdom of Jerusalem. The King of Jerusalem was bound to reconcile them in case of disputes, or between the Prince and Patriarich in Antioch, and could claim the regency in case of a vacancy or minority in their successions.

Edessa was perhaps the most closely tied to the Kingdom, despite its distance. Two of the first Counts later succeeded to the throne of Jerusalem, and the county was bestowed as a royal gift on Joscelin I.

The County of Tripoli, the nearest of them, is sometimes considered to have been a vassal lordship under the king's suzerainty, although it preserved an extraordinary degree of sovereignty.

Antioch was almost independent for it was founded already before the kingship and its first holder was a rival of kings, the original leader of the crusade. Later in its history, it would at times recognize Byzantine or Armenian suzerainty, or none at all.

These states dated their documents by the reigns of their own rulers, carried out their own foreign policy, and sent military aid to the Kingdom of their own will, rather than through feudal obligation; therefore, they are generally recognized as sovereign and are treated more fully under their own articles.

Inheritance in the Kingdom of Jerusalem

Lordships in the Kingdom of Jerusalem were usually hereditary, in principle, but in practice the circumstances were such that their holders did not form long uninterrupted lines of inheritance, which was contrary to the usual patterns of succession in Europe.

Firstly, in the early years of the kingdom, lords sought out their own territories, and lordships changed hands often. Secondly, the average lifespan of male lords in Palestine was rather low, due to the constant state of warfare and violence, which led to inheritances by females and/or extinction of whole families.

Succession from father to son happened more rarely than in more peaceful countries in Europe. Female succession opened up the option for the liege or the monarch to reward services, loyalty and capability, as well as achievements, by giving an heiress' hand in marriage and her inherited lordship to a "new man".

A typical succession pattern was a father followed by a daughter, sister, or niece, who was then married to a man worthy of some reward, who then himself succeeded to the territory. This made the succession unpredictable and caused the family holding a particular territory to change once or perhaps even more often in a generation.

Sometimes families went extinct, or escaped from Syria, and either a distant relative came to claim their land, or more usually, their liege gave the lordship to another family. Sometimes a lord was condemned for treason, rebellion or some other reason, and he and possibly his descendants were disinherited from the lordship.

Occasionally, vacant lordships were put into the royal domain, but more often, another person received the lordship. A less careful observer may think that they were not hereditary, but almost always their succession took place according to feudal rights of inheritance, utilizing the relatively high number of heiresses.

Many of these seigneuries ceased to exist after the loss of Jerusalem in 1187, and the rest of them after the fall of Acre in 1291, yet they often had Cypriot or European claimants for decades or centuries afterwards; these claimants, of course, held no actual territory in Syria after the mainland kingdom was lost.

County of Jaffa and Ascalon

Jaffa, on the Mediterranean coast, was fortified after the First Crusade, and was a separate county until the revolt of Hugh II of Le Puiset

Hugh II of Le Puiset

Hugh II of Le Puiset was a crusader knight and Count of Jaffa, who revolted against King Fulk in 1134.-Arrival in the kingdom:...

in 1134. Afterwards, it was usually held directly by the royal family or one of their relatives. After 1153 it was the double County of Jaffa and Ascalon, when the Egyptian fortress of Ascalon was conquered. It passed in and out of direct royal control, and became titular after the fall of Acre in 1291.

A number of seigneuries were vassals to the Count of Jaffa:

Lordship of Ramla

Originally held by the Bishop of Ramla-Lydda, in 1126 Ramla became part of Jaffa, and a separate lordship was created after Hugh II's revolt in 1134. The castle of Ibelin happened to be located quite near Ramla. It was later a part of the Ibelin

Ibelin

Ibelin was a castle in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th century , which gave its name to an important family of nobles.-The castle:...

possessions, inherited from Helvis of Ramla, daughter of Baldwin of Ramla

Baldwin I of Ramla

Baldwin I was the castellan and lord of Ramla in the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1106 to his death. In 1120 he participated in the Council of Nablus. In 1126, the castellany, which controlled the surrounding countryside too, was given in fief the Count of Jaffa...

and wife of Barisan of Ibelin

Barisan of Ibelin

Barisan of Ibelin was an important figure in the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, and was the founder of the Ibelin family. His name was later written as "Balian" and he is sometimes known as Balian the Elder or Balian I....

Lordship of Ibelin

The Lordship of Ibelin

Ibelin

Ibelin was a castle in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th century , which gave its name to an important family of nobles.-The castle:...

was also created out of Jaffa (in the 1140s, or perhaps as early as 1134 after Hugh II's revolt). The lordship was given as a reward to Barisan of Ibelin, whose wife Helvis of Ramla already owned lands in the vicinity. The castle of Ramla

Ramla

Ramla , is a city in central Israel. The city is predominantly Jewish with a significant Arab minority. Ramla was founded circa 705–715 AD by the Umayyad Caliph Suleiman ibn Abed al-Malik after the Arab conquest of the region...

, the family's other inheritance, was nearby, and together these territories formed a wealthy entity. Lord Balian of Ibelin

Balian of Ibelin

Balian of Ibelin was an important noble in the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th century.-Early life:Balian was the youngest son of Barisan of Ibelin, and brother of Hugh and Baldwin. His father, a knight in the County of Jaffa, had been rewarded with the lordship of Ibelin after the...

married Maria Comnena, widow of King Amalric I

Amalric I of Jerusalem

Amalric I of Jerusalem was King of Jerusalem 1163–1174, and Count of Jaffa and Ascalon before his accession. Amalric was the second son of Melisende of Jerusalem and Fulk of Jerusalem...

, and the Ibelins became the most powerful noble family of the kingdom, later ruling also over Beirut

Beirut

Beirut is the capital and largest city of Lebanon, with a population ranging from 1 million to more than 2 million . Located on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's Mediterranean coastline, it serves as the country's largest and main seaport, and also forms the Beirut Metropolitan...

Lordship of Mirabel

Mirabel was separated from Jaffa after the revolt in 1134 and also given to Barisan of Ibelin, although it was separate from Ibelin.

Principality of Galilee

The Principality of Galilee

Galilee

Galilee , is a large region in northern Israel which overlaps with much of the administrative North District of the country. Traditionally divided into Upper Galilee , Lower Galilee , and Western Galilee , extending from Dan to the north, at the base of Mount Hermon, along Mount Lebanon to the...

was established by Tancred

Tancred, Prince of Galilee

Tancred was a Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch...

in 1099. The principality became the fief of the families of St. Omer, Montfaucon (Falcomberques), and then Bures, and its main seat was in Tiberias; thus it was sometimes also called the Principality of Tiberias or the Tiberiad. The Principality was destroyed by Saladin

Saladin

Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb , better known in the Western world as Saladin, was an Arabized Kurdish Muslim, who became the first Sultan of Egypt and Syria, and founded the Ayyubid dynasty. He led Muslim and Arab opposition to the Franks and other European Crusaders in the Levant...

in 1187, although the title was used by relatives and younger sons of the kings of Cyprus (the titular kings of Jerusalem) afterwards.

The Principality also had its own vassals, the Lordships of Beirut

Beirut

, Nazareth

Nazareth

Nazareth is the largest city in the North District of Israel. Known as "the Arab capital of Israel," the population is made up predominantly of Palestinian Arab citizens of Israel...

, and Haifa

Haifa

Haifa is the largest city in northern Israel, and the third-largest city in the country, with a population of over 268,000. Another 300,000 people live in towns directly adjacent to the city including the cities of the Krayot, as well as, Tirat Carmel, Daliyat al-Karmel and Nesher...

, which often had their own sub-vassals.

Lordship of Beirut

Beirut was captured in 1110 and given to Fulk of Guînes

Fulk of Guînes

Fulk of Guînes was the second son of Baldwin I, count of Guînes in the Boulonnais. He was related to the counts of Boulogne. He probably accompanied Eustace III of Boulogne and Robert II of Flanders on the First Crusade. In 1110 he obtained from his relative, King Baldwin I, the lordship of Beirut...

. It was one of the longest-lived seigneuries, surviving until the final collapse of the kingdom in 1291, although only as a tiny strip on the Mediterranean coast surrounding Beirut. It was important for trade with Europe, and had its own vassals within the Principality of Galilee.

The lords of Beirut were:

Foulques de Guines, 1110–1125
Walter I of Brisebarre, 1125–1138
Guy I of Brisebarre, 1138–1156
Walter II of Brisebarre, 1156–1179
Walter III of Brisebarre, 1179–1187
John I of Ibelin
John of Ibelin, the Old Lord of Beirut
John of Ibelin , called the Old Lord of Beirut, was a powerful crusader noble in the 13th century, one of the best known representatives of the influential Ibelin family...

, 1204–1236
Balian of Ibelin
Balian of Beirut
Balian of Ibelin was the Lord of Beirut, the second of his family, from 1236, and a son of the famous "Old Lord" John of Ibelin, by his second wife Melisende of Arsuf. From his father he assumed the leadership of the nobility in the War of the Lombards, fought against the agents of the Emperor...

, 1236–1247
Hugh of Ibelin
Hugh of Ibelin
Hugh of Ibelin was an important noble in the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem.Hugh was the eldest son of Barisan of Ibelin and Helvis of Ramla. He was old enough to witness charters in 1148, as was his younger brother Baldwin of Ibelin, which suggests he was born c. 1130-1133, as the male age of...

, 1247–1254
John II of Ibelin
John II of Beirut
John of Ibelin , often called John II, was the Lord of Beirut from 1254, named after his grandfather John I, the famous "Old Lord of Beirut"...

, 1254–1264
Isabella of Ibelin
Isabella of Ibelin (1252-1282)
Isabelle d'Ibelin , lady of Beirut from 1264 until her death, queen of Cyprus, daughter of Jean d'Ibelin , lord of Beirut, and of Alice de la Roche sur Ognon.She married :# in 1265 Hugh II, king of Cyprus...

, 1264–1282
- 1265-1267, Hugh II of Cyprus
  Hugh II of Cyprus
  Hugh II of Cyprus was king of Cyprus and, from the age of 5 years, also Regent of the Kingdom of Jerusalem....
- 1272-1273, Haymo Létrange
- 1276-1277, Nicolas l'Alleman
- 1278-1282, Guillaume Berlais
Eschive d'Ibelin
Eschive d'Ibelin (1253-1312)
Eschive d'Ibelin was the daughter of Jean d'Ibelin , lord of Beirut, and of Alice de la Roche sur l'Ognon.She became lady of Beirut on the death of her sister Isabelle d'Ibelin in 1282.-Marriages and children:...

, 1282–1291
- 1282-1284, Humphrey of Montfort
  Humphrey of Montfort (died 1284)
  Humphrey of Montfort was a nobleman of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.Humphrey was the second son of Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre by his second wife Maria of Antioch-Armenia, Lady of Toron....
- 1291, Guy of Cyprus
  Guy of Cyprus
  Guy of Cyprus may refer to:* Guy of Lusignan , King of Cyprus from 1192–1194. Son of Hugh VIII of Lusignan* Guy of Ibelin, constable of Cyprus , husband of Philippa, daughter of Aimery Berlais...
  
  (died 1304)

The sub-vassals of Beirut were:

Lordship of Banias

Banias

Banias is an archaeological site by the ancient city of Caesarea Philippi, located at the foot of Mount Hermon in the Golan Heights...

(Caesarea Philippi) was given to Baldwin II

Baldwin II of Jerusalem

Baldwin II of Jerusalem , formerly Baldwin II of Edessa, also called Baldwin of Bourcq, born Baldwin of Rethel was the second count of Edessa from 1100 to 1118, and the third king of Jerusalem from 1118 until his death.-Ancestry:Baldwin was the son of Hugh, count of Rethel, and his wife Melisende,...

by the Assassins

Hashshashin

The Assassins were an order of Nizari Ismailis, particularly those of Persia that existed from around 1092 to 1265...

in 1128. Banias was merged with Toron

Toron

Toron, now Tibnin or Tebnine in southern Lebanon, was a major Crusader castle, built in the Lebanon mountains on the road from Tyre to Damascus....

under Humphrey II of Toron

Humphrey II of Toron

Humphrey II of Toron was lord of Toron and constable of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.Humphrey had become lord of Toron sometime before 1140, when he married the daughter of Renier Brus, lord of Banias . Through this marriage Banias was added to Toron...

until it fell to Nur ad-Din Zangi in 1164, and when it was recovered it became part of the Seigneury of Joscelin III of Edessa (see below).

Lordship of Toron

The castle of Toron

Toron

Toron, now Tibnin or Tebnine in southern Lebanon, was a major Crusader castle, built in the Lebanon mountains on the road from Tyre to Damascus....

was built by Hugh of St. Omer to help capture Tyre, and was given to Humphrey I

Humphrey I of Toron

Humphrey I of Toron , a Norman, appears initially in 1115 as a vassal of Josselin de Courtenay, prince of Tiberias; the castle at Toron having been built in the years after 1105, he most likely was its lord from that date, having taken part in the First Crusade.He was the father of Humphrey II of...

in 1107. The lords of Toron tended to be very influential in the kingdom; Humphrey II was constable of Jerusalem, as was Humphrey III. Humphrey IV was married to Isabella

Isabella of Jerusalem

Isabella I was Queen regnant of Jerusalem from 1190/1192 until her death. By her four marriages, she was successively Lady of Toron, Marchioness of Montferrat, Countess of Champagne and Queen of Cyprus....

, Amalric I's daughter. Toron was later merged with the royal domain of Tyre.

Toron had two vassals of its own, the Lordship of Castel Neuf, which fell to Nur ad-Din in 1167, and the Lordship of Toron Ahmud, which was sold to the Teutonic Knights

Teutonic Knights

The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem , commonly the Teutonic Order , is a German medieval military order, in modern times a purely religious Catholic order...

in 1261.

Lordship of Nazareth

Nazareth

Nazareth is the largest city in the North District of Israel. Known as "the Arab capital of Israel," the population is made up predominantly of Palestinian Arab citizens of Israel...

was the original site of the Latin Patriarch, established by Tancred. It was created as a seigneury in Galilee in 1115.

Lordship of Haifa

Haifa

was partly an ecclesiastical domain ruled by the Archbishop of Nazareth

Archbishop of Nazareth

The Archbishop of Nazareth was one of the major suffragans of the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem during the crusades.The ancient diocese was located at Scythopolis, known as Bethsan to the crusaders. It was the metropolis of Palaestina Secunda. After Nazareth was captured following the First Crusade,...

, and partly created from other lands in the Principality of Galilee.

Lordship of Sidon

Sidon

Sidon or Saïda is the third-largest city in Lebanon. It is located in the South Governorate of Lebanon, on the Mediterranean coast, about 40 km north of Tyre and 40 km south of the capital Beirut. In Genesis, Sidon is the son of Canaan the grandson of Noah...

was captured in 1110 and given to Eustace I Grenier

Eustace Grenier

Eustace Grenier was an important crusader lord, and Constable of the Kingdom of Jerusalem....

Lordship of the Schuf

The Schuf was created out of the Lordship of Sidon as a vassal around 1170. It was centred on the Cave of Tyron. Julian of Sidon sold it to the Teutonic Knights in 1256.

Lordship of Oultrejordain

The Lordship of Oultrejordain, consisting of land with an undefined boundary to the east of the Jordan River, was one of the largest and most important seigneuries. It was an important source of revenue, from the Muslim caravan routes that existed there. The last lord, Raynald of Châtillon

Raynald of Chatillon

Raynald of Châtillon was a knight who served in the Second Crusade and remained in the Holy Land after its defeat...

, received Oultrejordain by marrying its heiress, Stephanie of Milly

Stephanie of Milly

Stephanie of Milly was Lady of Oultrejordain and an influential figure in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. She was also known as Stephanie de Milly, Etienette de Milly, and Etiennette de Milly...

. Raynald considered himself Prince of Oultrejordain, not subject to the King, and was especially hostile to the Muslims. He was largely responsible for Saladin

Saladin

's invasion of the kingdom in 1187. Saladin conquered much of the area in 1187 and personally executed Raynald at the Battle of Hattin

Battle of Hattin

The Battle of Hattin took place on Saturday, July 4, 1187, between the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem and the forces of the Ayyubid dynasty....

Principality of Bethlehem

Balian of Ibelin (died 1315/1316 in Kerynia, soon before April 19, 1316), also Titular Prince of Galilee

Lordship of Adelon

This lordship seems to have been created after the centre of the kingdom was moved to Acre, and held some influence under Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor

Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor

Frederick II , was one of the most powerful Holy Roman Emperors of the Middle Ages and head of the House of Hohenstaufen. His political and cultural ambitions, based in Sicily and stretching through Italy to Germany, and even to Jerusalem, were enormous...

Adam
Agnes (c. 1200)
Daniel of Terremonde
Daniel II of Terremonde
Peter (c. 1250)
Jordan

Lordship of Arsuf

Arsuf

Arsuf also known as Arsur or Apollonia, was an ancient city and fortress located in Israel, about 15 kilometres north of modern Tel Aviv, on a cliff above the Mediterranean Sea. The city site, Tel Arsuf, was intensively excavated from 1994...

, located north of Jaffa, (called Arsur by the Crusaders) was captured in 1101 but remained a royal domain until around 1163 when John of Arsur became lord.

John of Arsuf (1163–?)
Thierry of Orguenes (c. 1190s)
Melisende with John of Ibelin
John of Ibelin, the Old Lord of Beirut
John of Ibelin , called the Old Lord of Beirut, was a powerful crusader noble in the 13th century, one of the best known representatives of the influential Ibelin family...

(also lord of Beirut) (?–1236)
John of Ibelin
John of Arsuf
John of Ibelin was the Lord of Arsuf from 1236 and Constable of Jerusalem from 1251. He was a younger son of John I of Beirut. His elder brother, Balian, inherited Beirut. He served as regent of Jerusalem on two occasions: 1253-1254 for Conrad II and 1256-1258 for Conrad III...

(1236–1258)
Balian of Ibelin
Balian of Arsuf
Balian of Ibelin was the Lord of Arsuf from 1258 until the early 1260s , when he sold it to the Knights Hospitaller. He was the son and successor of John of Arsuf, Constable of Jerusalem...

(1258–1261, titular 1261–1277)
John of Ibelin (1277–1309)
Balian of Ibelin (1309–1333)
Philip of Ibelin (1333–1373)

Lordship of Bethsan

Bethsan was occupied by Tancred in 1099; it was never part of Galilee, despite its location, but became a royal domain in 1101, probably until around 1120. It occasionally passed back under royal control until new lords were created.

Adam of Bethune
Adam II
John
Guermond
Hugh of Gibelet
Walter
Adam III
Guermond II (c. 1210)
Baldwin
Walter (c. 1310?)
Thibaut

Lordship of Blanchegarde

Blanchegarde

Tell es-Safi

Gath, Gat, or Geth , often referred to as Gath of the Philistines, was one of the five Philistine city-states, established in northwestern Philistia. According to the Bible, the king of the city was Achish, in the times of Saul, David, and Solomon. It is not certain whether this refers to two or...

was built by King Fulk in 1142, as part of the royal domain, and was ruled by castellans. It became a lordship in 1166, when it was given to Walter I Brisebarre who had been forced to give up Beirut.

Walter I Brisebarre (1166–?)
Gilles (c. 1210)
Raoul (?–1265)
Amalric Barlais (1265–?)

Lordship of Caesarea

Caesarea was captured in 1101 and given to the Archbishop of Caesarea

Archbishop of Caesarea

The Archbishop of Caesarea was one of the major suffragans of the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem during the Crusades. The Bishop of Caesarea became metropolitan of Palestine in the early 3rd century but after the Council of Chalcedon in 451 he was subordinate to the Patriarch of Jerusalem...

. Arpin of Bourges may have been first lord, but the true first lord was probably Eustace I Grenier.

Eustace Grenier
Eustace Grenier
Eustace Grenier was an important crusader lord, and Constable of the Kingdom of Jerusalem....

(1110–1123)
Walter I Grenier (1123–1154)
Hugh Grenier (1154–1169)
Amalric Grenier (c. 1170s)
Walter II Grenier (c. 1180s–1187)
Juliana Grenier (1187–1219), husbands 1192-1193 Guy de Brisebarre, 1193-1219 Aymar de Lairon
Walter III Grenier (1219–1229)
John Grenier (1229–1239)
Margaret Grenier (and John d'Aleman) (1239–1264)
Nicholas d'Aleman (1264–1266, titular 1266–1277)
John of Nevilles (1384–?)
John Gorap?

Lordship of Caymont

Caymont was created after the Third Crusade

Third Crusade

The Third Crusade , also known as the Kings' Crusade, was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin...

for Balian of Ibelin

Balian of Ibelin

, who had lost his other territories to Saladin

Saladin

. It eventually passed into the royal domain.

Lordship of Hebron

Hebron

Hebron , is located in the southern West Bank, south of Jerusalem. Nestled in the Judean Mountains, it lies 930 meters above sea level. It is the largest city in the West Bank and home to around 165,000 Palestinians, and over 500 Jewish settlers concentrated in and around the old quarter...

was one of the earliest seigneuries created. It had its own vassal, the Lordship of Beth Gibelin, created by Fulk in 1149. Soon afterwards Hebron became a royal domain and Beth Gibelin passed to the Hospitallers. Hebron had been under royal control at various times before 1149.

Gerard of Avesnes (possibly 1099)
Galdemar Carpenel (1100–1101)
Roger of Haifa (1101–1102)
Royal domain (1102–1104)
Hugh I of St. Abraham (1104)
Royal domain (1104–1108)
Walter Mahomet (1108–1118)
Royal domain (1118–1120)
Baldwin of St. Abraham (1120–1136)
Hugh II of St. Abraham (1136–1149)

Lordship of Montgisard

Montgisard was built as a defense against Nur ad-Din Zangi, and was the site of a battle

Battle of Montgisard

The Battle of Montgisard was fought between the Ayyubids and the Kingdom of Jerusalem on November 25, 1177. The 16 year old King Baldwin IV, seriously afflicted by leprosy, led an out-numbered Christian force against the army of Saladin...

against Saladin

Saladin

in 1177.

William (c. 1155)
John
Aimard (c. 1198)
Reginald (c. 1200)
William (c. 1230)
Robert (c. 1240)
Henry (?)
Balian (c. 1300)
William
Baldwin
Robert
John
James (c. 1400)

Lordship of Nablus

Nablus

Nablus is a Palestinian city in the northern West Bank, approximately north of Jerusalem, with a population of 126,132. Located in a strategic position between Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim, it is the capital of the Nablus Governorate and a Palestinian commercial and cultural center.Founded by the...

was first captured by Baldwin I, and later seems to have been created as a separate lordship out of part of Oultrejordain. It was lost during Saladin's conquest of the kingdom.

Pagan the Butler
Pagan the Butler
Pagan the Butler was a Crusader lord in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Around 1120, he first appears as the butler of Baldwin II....
Guy of Milly (?–1142 or between 1138–1144)
Philip of Milly
Philip of Milly
Philip of Milly , also known as Philip of Nablus, was a baron in the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the seventh Grand Master of the Knights Templar...

(1142 or between 1138–1144–1161)
Queen Maria Comnena, received the lordship as her dower
Dower
Dower or morning gift was a provision accorded by law to a wife for her support in the event that she should survive her husband...

(morganaticum) from her first husband King Amalric I
Balian of Ibelin
Balian of Ibelin
Balian of Ibelin was an important noble in the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th century.-Early life:Balian was the youngest son of Barisan of Ibelin, and brother of Hugh and Baldwin. His father, a knight in the County of Jaffa, had been rewarded with the lordship of Ibelin after the...

(1177), Maria's second husband
Stephanie of Ibelin

Nablus was technically part of the royal domain, and also had a viscount who governed in place of the monarch:

Ulric (1115–1152)
Baldwin Bubalus (c. 1159-1162)
Baldwin, son of Ulric (c. 1162-1176)
Amalric (c. 1176-1187)

Lordship of Scandeleon

Scandeleon was built in 1116 as a royal domain. It became a lordship by 1148 when Guy of Scandeleon was created lord.

Guy of Scandaleon (c. 1150)
Peter
Raymond (c. 1200)
William of Mandelee
Raymond
Philip (c. 1270)
Humphrey (c. 1300)
Eschiva (c. 1370)

Lordship of Tyre

Conrad of Montferrat

Conrad of Montferrat was a northern Italian nobleman, one of the major participants in the Third Crusade. He was the de facto King of Jerusalem, by marriage, from 24 November 1190, but officially elected only in 1192, days before his death...

practically created this lordship during the Third Crusade

Third Crusade

The Third Crusade , also known as the Kings' Crusade, was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin...

by defending it, as it was the only remaining town of the kingdom. Tyre, always an important town, had been part of the royal domain, and after Conrad, it also belonged to the kings personally. After the kingdom moved to Acre, coronations took place in Tyre. Sometime after 1246, Tyre was conferred upon Philip of Montfort

Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre

Philip of Montfort, was Lord of La Ferté-Alais and Castres-en-Albigeois 1228–1270, Lord of Tyre 1246–1270, and Lord of Toron aft. 1240–1270...

by Henry I of Cyprus

Henry I of Cyprus

Henry I of Cyprus, nicknamed the Fat, aka Henry of Lusignan or Henri I le Gros de Lusignan was King of Cyprus from 1218 to 1253. He was the son of Hugh I of Cyprus and Alice of Champagne of Jerusalem. When his father Hugh I died on January 10, 1218, the 8-month-old Henry became king...

(then Regent of Jerusalem) for his support of the Ibelin (baronial) party against the Imperialists. The grant was confirmed c. 1269 by Hugh III of Cyprus

Hugh III of Cyprus

Hugh III of Cyprus , born Hughues de Poitiers, later Hughues de Lusignan , called the Great, was the King of Cyprus from 1267 and King of Jerusalem from 1268 . He was the son of Henry of Antioch and Isabella of Cyprus, the daughter of Hugh I...

, with a clause allowing Hugh to buy back the lordship. This was exercised in 1284, when the city was given to his sister Margaret, already the Dowager Lady of Tyre.

Conrad of Montferrat
Conrad of Montferrat
Conrad of Montferrat was a northern Italian nobleman, one of the major participants in the Third Crusade. He was the de facto King of Jerusalem, by marriage, from 24 November 1190, but officially elected only in 1192, days before his death...

(1188–1192)
Henry II of Champagne
Henry II of Champagne
Henry II of Champagne was count of Champagne from 1181 to 1197, and King of Jerusalem from 1192 to 1197, although he never used the title of king.- Early Life and Family :...

(1192–1198)
Amalric of Lusignan
Amalric II of Jerusalem
Amalric II of Jerusalem or Amalric I of Cyprus, born Amalric of Lusignan , King of Jerusalem 1197–1205, was an older brother of Guy of Lusignan....
royal domain
Philip of Montfort
Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre
Philip of Montfort, was Lord of La Ferté-Alais and Castres-en-Albigeois 1228–1270, Lord of Tyre 1246–1270, and Lord of Toron aft. 1240–1270...

(1247–1270)
John of Montfort
Jean de Montfort (died 1283)
Jean de Montfort was lord of Toron from 1257 to 1266 and Lord of Tyre from 1270 to 1283. He was the son of Philip of Montfort , and his second wife Maria of Antioch-Armenia .When he came of...

(1270–1283)
Humphrey of Montfort
Humphrey of Montfort (died 1284)
Humphrey of Montfort was a nobleman of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.Humphrey was the second son of Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre by his second wife Maria of Antioch-Armenia, Lady of Toron....

(1283–1284)
returned to the royal domain by purchase
Margaret of Lusignan (1284–1286, d. 1308), widow of John of Montfort
Amalric of Tyre (as "Prince of Tyre") (1286–1291, titular 1291–1310), nephew of Margaret

Seigneury of Joscelin III of Edessa

This seigneury was an unusual creation given to Joscelin III

Joscelin III of Edessa

Joscelin III of Edessa was the titular Count of Edessa 1159 – after 1190. He was the son of Joscelin II of Edessa and his wife Beatrice...

, the nominal Count of Edessa

County of Edessa

The County of Edessa was one of the Crusader states in the 12th century, based around Edessa, a city with an ancient history and an early tradition of Christianity....

, which had been lost long before. It was created around 1176 when Joscelin married Agnes of Milly, and was formed from royal land around Acre. Joscelin had only daughters, who married into the families of von Henneberg and Mandelee. The heirs sold in 1220 the seigneury to the Teutonic Knights

Teutonic Knights

The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem , commonly the Teutonic Order , is a German medieval military order, in modern times a purely religious Catholic order...

, who used the place near Acre as their fortress in Outremer

Outremer

Outremer, French for "overseas", was a general name given to the Crusader states established after the First Crusade: the County of Edessa, the Principality of Antioch, the County of Tripoli and especially the Kingdom of Jerusalem...

Introduction

Northern States

Inheritance in the Kingdom of Jerusalem

County of Jaffa and Ascalon

Lordship of Ramla

Lordship of Ibelin

Lordship of Mirabel

Principality of Galilee

Lordship of Beirut

Lordship of Banias

Lordship of Toron

Lordship of Nazareth

Lordship of Haifa

Lordship of Sidon

Lordship of the Schuf

Lordship of Oultrejordain

Principality of Bethlehem

Lordship of Adelon

Lordship of Arsuf

Lordship of Bethsan

Lordship of Blanchegarde

Lordship of Caesarea

Lordship of Caymont

Lordship of Hebron

Lordship of Montgisard

Lordship of Nablus

Lordship of Scandeleon

Lordship of Tyre

Seigneury of Joscelin III of Edessa

See also