United States Ambassador to Indonesia
Encyclopedia
This is a list of Ambassadors of the United States to Indonesia
.
Indonesia had been a Dutch
colony since 1800 as a part of the Dutch East Indies
. The Dutch were expelled in March 1942 by the Japanese occupation of Indonesia
. After the surrender of Japan
in 1945, Sukarno
declared independence
on August 17, 1945. However, the Netherlands attempted to reestablish their colony during a prolonged war
that lasted for four and a half years. Ultimately the struggle was unsuccessful for the Netherlands, and in December 1949, the Netherlands formally recognized Indonesian sovereignty.
The United States immediately recognized
the independence of Indonesia and moved to establish diplomatic relations. A U.S. embassy was established in Jakarta
on December 27, 1949 under the informal direction of a consul general. President Truman
appointed H. Merle Cochran as ambassador the following day.
The United States Embassy in Indonesia is located in Jakarta
, with consulates in Surabaya
and Bali
, and an American Presence Post
in Medan
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
.
Indonesia had been a Dutch
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
colony since 1800 as a part of the Dutch East Indies
Dutch East Indies
The Dutch East Indies was a Dutch colony that became modern Indonesia following World War II. It was formed from the nationalised colonies of the Dutch East India Company, which came under the administration of the Netherlands government in 1800....
. The Dutch were expelled in March 1942 by the Japanese occupation of Indonesia
Japanese Occupation of Indonesia
The Japanese Empire occupied Indonesia, known then as the Dutch East Indies, during World War II from March 1942 until after the end of War in 1945...
. After the surrender of Japan
Surrender of Japan
The surrender of Japan in 1945 brought hostilities of World War II to a close. By the end of July 1945, the Imperial Japanese Navy was incapable of conducting operations and an Allied invasion of Japan was imminent...
in 1945, Sukarno
Sukarno
Sukarno, born Kusno Sosrodihardjo was the first President of Indonesia.Sukarno was the leader of his country's struggle for independence from the Netherlands and was Indonesia's first President from 1945 to 1967...
declared independence
Indonesian Declaration of Independence
The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was read at 10.00 a.m. on Friday, August 17, 1945. The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed-resistance of the Indonesian National Revolution, fighting against the forces of the Netherlands until the latter officially acknowledged...
on August 17, 1945. However, the Netherlands attempted to reestablish their colony during a prolonged war
Indonesian National Revolution
The Indonesian National Revolution or Indonesian War of Independence was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between Indonesia and the Dutch Empire, and an internal social revolution...
that lasted for four and a half years. Ultimately the struggle was unsuccessful for the Netherlands, and in December 1949, the Netherlands formally recognized Indonesian sovereignty.
The United States immediately recognized
Diplomatic recognition
Diplomatic recognition in international law is a unilateral political act with domestic and international legal consequences, whereby a state acknowledges an act or status of another state or government in control of a state...
the independence of Indonesia and moved to establish diplomatic relations. A U.S. embassy was established in Jakarta
Jakarta
Jakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, it is located on the northwest coast of Java, has an area of , and a population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre...
on December 27, 1949 under the informal direction of a consul general. President Truman
Harry S. Truman
Harry S. Truman was the 33rd President of the United States . As President Franklin D. Roosevelt's third vice president and the 34th Vice President of the United States , he succeeded to the presidency on April 12, 1945, when President Roosevelt died less than three months after beginning his...
appointed H. Merle Cochran as ambassador the following day.
The United States Embassy in Indonesia is located in Jakarta
Jakarta
Jakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, it is located on the northwest coast of Java, has an area of , and a population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre...
, with consulates in Surabaya
Surabaya
Surabaya is Indonesia's second-largest city with a population of over 2.7 million , and the capital of the province of East Java...
and Bali
Bali
Bali is an Indonesian island located in the westernmost end of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to the east...
, and an American Presence Post
American Presence Post
An American Presence Post is a very small diplomatic facility of the United States government located abroad.It is usually staffed by a single Foreign Service Officer who carries the title of Consul. An American Presence Post is roughly equivalent to a Consulate, but lacks a regular consular...
in Medan
Medan
- Demography :The city is Indonesia's fourth most populous after Jakarta, Surabaya, and Bandung, and Indonesia's largest city outside of Java island. Much of the population lies outside its city limits, especially in Deli Serdang....
Ambassadors
- H. Merle Cochran – Career FSO
- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: December 28, 1949
- Presented credentials: December 30, 1949
- Terminated mission: Left post, February 27, 1953
- Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.Hugh Smith Cumming, Jr. was United States diplomat who was United States Ambassador to Indonesia from 1953 to 1957 and then Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research from 1957 to 1961.-Biography:...
– Career FSO- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: September 3, 1953
- Presented credentials: October 15, 1953
- Terminated mission: Left post, March 3, 1957
- John M. Allison – Career FSO
- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: February 21, 1957
- Presented credentials: March 13, 1957
- Terminated mission: Left post, January 29, 1958
- Howard P. Jones – Career FSO
- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: February 20, 1958
- Presented credentials: March 10, 1958
- Terminated mission: Left post, May 24, 1965
- Marshall GreenMarshall GreenMarshall Green was a United States diplomat whose career focused on East Asia. Green was the senior American diplomat in South Korea at the time of the 1960 April Revolution, and was United States Ambassador to Indonesia at the time of the Transition to the New Order...
– Career FSO- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: June 4, 1965
- Presented credentials: July 26, 1965
- Terminated mission: Left post, March 26, 1969
- Francis J. GalbraithFrancis Joseph GalbraithFrancis Joseph Galbraith was a former United States diplomat and member of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.He was born on December 9, 1913 in Timber Lake, Dewey County, South Dakota and worked as cowboy and rodeo rider on his father's ranch near the Cheyenne River Sioux Indian...
– Career FSO- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: May 27, 1969
- Presented credentials: July 19, 1969
- Terminated mission: Left post, February 3, 1974
- David D. NewsomDavid D. NewsomDavid Dunlop Newsom was the United States Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs from 1969 until 1974. Also, he was the United States Ambassador to the Philippines from 1977 to 1978....
– Career FSO- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: December 19, 1973
- Presented credentials: February 27, 1974
- Terminated mission: Left post, October 6, 1977
- Edward E. Masters – Career FSO
- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: November 3, 1977
- Presented credentials: December 10, 1977
- Terminated mission: Left post, November 10, 1981
- Note: John Cameron Monjo served as Chargé d'Affaires ad interim, November 1981–February 1983.
- John Herbert HoldridgeJohn H. HoldridgeJohn Herbert Holdridge was an American foreign service officer and diplomat, who was best known for having taken part in, and later recounted, Henry A. Kissinger's secret 1971 initiative to restore US diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China. He also served as U.S...
– Career FSO- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: December 10, 1982
- Presented credentials: February 19, 1983
- Terminated mission: Left post, January 7, 1986
- Paul Dundes Wolfowitz – Political appointee
- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: March 4, 1986
- Presented credentials: April 11, 1986
- Terminated mission: Left post, May 12, 1989
- John Cameron Monjo – Career FSO
- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: May 22, 1989
- Presented credentials: May 31, 1989
- Terminated mission: Left post, July 18, 1992
- Robert L. BarryRobert L. BarryRobert L. Barry was born in 1934 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He is a career member of the United States Foreign Service and was the United States ambassador to Indonesia from 1992 to 1995; he also served as ambassador to Bulgaria from 1981 to 1984...
– Career FSO- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: July 7, 1992
- Presented credentials: August 11, 1992
- Terminated mission: Left post, July 10, 1995
- J. Stapleton RoyJ. Stapleton RoyJ. Stapleton Roy was a senior United States diplomat specializing in Asian affairs. A fluent Chinese speaker, Roy spent much of his career in East Asia, where his assignments included Bangkok , Hong Kong, Taipei, Beijing , Singapore, and Jakarta...
– Career FSO- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: December 19, 1995
- Presented credentials: February 27, 1996
- Terminated mission: Left post August 12, 1999
- Robert S. GelbardRobert S. GelbardRobert S. Gelbard is a diplomat and former United States Ambassador to Bolivia and Indonesia . He is a member of the American Academy of Diplomacy, and is a 1964 graduate of Colby College and a 1979 graduate of the Harvard Kennedy School, where he received a Master of Public Administration.In the...
– Career FSO- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: August 9, 1999
- Presented credentials: October 18, 1999
- Terminated mission: Left post October 14, 2001
- Ralph Leo BoyceRalph L. BoyceRalph Leo "Skip" Boyce is a United States diplomat and career foreign service officer with the State Department.Boyce was born February 1, 1952, in Washington, D.C. He obtained a B.A. from George Washington University in 1974 and an M.P.A. from Princeton University in 1976...
– Career FSO- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: October 1, 2001
- Presented credentials: October 24, 2001
- Terminated mission: Left post, August. 2, 2004
- B. Lynn PascoeB. Lynn PascoeB. Lynn Pascoe is the Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations for Political Affairs.Pascoe was previously United States Ambassador to Indonesia after being nominated by President George W. Bush from 2004 to 2007, and to Malaysia from 1999 to 2001....
– Career FSO- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: October 18, 2004
- Presented credentials: November 25, 2004
- Terminated mission: Left post, February 17, 2007
- Cameron R. HumeCameron R. HumeCameron R. Hume is the United States Ambassador to Indonesia. He presented his credentials on August 1, 2007.Hume is a member of the United States Foreign Service, rank of Career Minister. His earlier assignments included Italy, Tunisia, Syria, Lebanon, the United Nations, and the Holy See...
– Career FSO- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: May 30, 2007
- Presented credentials: August 1, 2007
- Terminated mission: Unknown
- Scot Marciel - Career FSO
- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: August 10, 2010
- Presented credentials: September 21, 2010
- Terminated mission:Incumbent
See also
- Indonesia – United States relations
- Foreign relations of IndonesiaForeign relations of IndonesiaSince independence, Indonesian foreign relations have adhered to a "free and active" foreign policy, seeking to play a role in regional affairs commensurate with its size and location but avoiding involvement in conflicts among major powers...
- Ambassadors of the United States