Uniform civil number
Encyclopedia
The uniform civil number is a 10-digit unique number assigned to each Bulgaria
n citizen or resident foreign national. It serves as a national identification number
. An EGN is assigned to Bulgarians at birth, or when a birth certificate
is issued. The uniform system for civil registration and administrative service of population regulates the EGN system.
The next three digits designate the birth order number, the third digit being even for males and odd for females. Each district is assigned a range of three-digit numbers, used consecutively, altering even and odd numbers between males and females born on the particular day. In rare cases, numbers are "borrowed" from adjacent district.
The tenth digit is a checksum, calculated using the following algorithm
:
+------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| Position | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
+------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| Weight | x2 | x4 | x8 | x5 | x10 | x9 | x7 | x3 | x6 | |
+------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
The weights are the powers of 2, modulo 11. (See also: Galois field applications)
Other divisions directly add the birth sequence number to the last 3 digits of their EKNM (a regional identifier) and possibly another 1 depending on the baby's sex.
This practice is denied by ESGRAON officers, but is nevertheless used by civil authorities as a rule of thumb for checking the validity of an identity document.
Using the EGN system for identification raised some privacy concerns, though they are officially considered personal information and are protected by law.
Bulgaria
Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...
n citizen or resident foreign national. It serves as a national identification number
National identification number
A national identification number, national identity number, or national insurance number is used by the governments of many countries as a means of tracking their citizens, permanent residents, and temporary residents for the purposes of work, taxation, government benefits, health care, and other...
. An EGN is assigned to Bulgarians at birth, or when a birth certificate
Birth certificate
A birth certificate is a vital record that documents the birth of a child. The term "birth certificate" can refer to either the original document certifying the circumstances of the birth or to a certified copy of or representation of the ensuing registration of that birth...
is issued. The uniform system for civil registration and administrative service of population regulates the EGN system.
Structure
The initial six digits correspond to the birth date (YYMMDD). Since there are only two digits reserved for the year, only years between 1900 and 1999 can be encoded directly. Other years get represented as follows:- for births before 1 January 1900, 20 is added to the month
- for births from 31 December 1999 to 31 December 2099, 40 is added to the month
The next three digits designate the birth order number, the third digit being even for males and odd for females. Each district is assigned a range of three-digit numbers, used consecutively, altering even and odd numbers between males and females born on the particular day. In rare cases, numbers are "borrowed" from adjacent district.
The tenth digit is a checksum, calculated using the following algorithm
Algorithm
In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite list of well-defined instructions for calculating a function. Algorithms are used for calculation, data processing, and automated reasoning...
:
- Each digit is multiplied by its weight (see below)
- The products obtained are added
- The sum is divided by 11 ( use sum % 11, not /, modulus, not division)
- If the remainder is less than 10, the remainder is the checksum digit, otherwise the checksum digit is zero
+------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| Position | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
+------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| Weight | x2 | x4 | x8 | x5 | x10 | x9 | x7 | x3 | x6 | |
+------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
The weights are the powers of 2, modulo 11. (See also: Galois field applications)
Information leakage
The last digits of an EGN can reveal with reasonable accuracy the birthplace of a Bulgarian citizen, because of the long-lasting practice of assigning numbered sheets of paper to municipal ESGRAON divisions.Other divisions directly add the birth sequence number to the last 3 digits of their EKNM (a regional identifier) and possibly another 1 depending on the baby's sex.
This practice is denied by ESGRAON officers, but is nevertheless used by civil authorities as a rule of thumb for checking the validity of an identity document.
Examples of valid EGN numbers
- 7523169263 — a male, born on 16 March 1875
- 8032056031 — a female, born on 5 December 1880
- 8001010008 — a male, born on 1 January 1980
- 7501020018 — a female, born on 2 January 1975
- 7552010005 — a male, born on 1 December 2075
- 7542011030 — a female, born on 1 February 2075
Misuse
In order to easily cross borders criminals have been known to change EGNs. There were 46 such cases detected in March 2005.Using the EGN system for identification raised some privacy concerns, though they are officially considered personal information and are protected by law.
See also
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