Tomás Guido
Encyclopedia
Tomás Guido. was a General in the Argentine War of Independence
a diplomat and a politician.
merchant Pedro Guido y Sanz and his wife Juana Aoiz y Martínez. He attended San Carlos College, but was forced to give up his studies by an economic crisis.
Guido saw his first military action in 1806 when he helped to defend Buenos Aires
from the British invaders
. He later went on to participate in the May Revolution
in 1810.
In 1811 Guido became the secretary for Dr Mariano Moreno
on his journey to England
. In 1812 Guido returned to Argentina to work as a secretary in the Ministry of War, later he moved to Charcas
to work as a secretary for Francisco Ortiz de Ocampo. Later he travelled to Tucumán where he joined José de San Martín
y Manuel Belgrano
, where he worked as the chief Secretary of the Army, working with San Martín to plan the campaign to liberate Chile
and Peru
.
On May 20, 1816 Guido presented Antonio González Balcarce with Memoria, which was based on his memories of conversations with San Martín
in Saldán, Córdoba
about the military, economic and political details of the Maitland Plan
.
(February 12, 1817). General San Martín named Guido as Lieutenant Colonel, but he continued doing the job of Chief Secretary of the Army and Navy. During the ceremony to mark the official declaration of Chilean independence on February 12, 1818, Guido played the role of flagbearer.
Guido then worked as a diplomat for San Martín during the effort to liberate Peru, he negotiated with the Spanish Viceroy at Miraflores
before San Martín declared Peruvian Independence on July 28, 1821. Guido was at the Guayaquil Conference
where the two great Liberators of South America (San Martín and Simón Bolívar
) met for the only time. After San Martín left Peru, Guido stayed on, earning the titles of Supreme Military Advisor in 1823 and later Brigadier General.
. He later served as Minister of War and Foreign Relations on three occasions with Lavalle
, Viamonte
and Rosas
.
Between 1840 and 1851 Guido was Argentina's representative to the government of Brazil
.
Argentine War of Independence
The Argentine War of Independence was fought from 1810 to 1818 by Argentine patriotic forces under Manuel Belgrano, Juan José Castelli and José de San Martín against royalist forces loyal to the Spanish crown...
a diplomat and a politician.
Early life
Tomás Guido was the son of a SpanishSpain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
merchant Pedro Guido y Sanz and his wife Juana Aoiz y Martínez. He attended San Carlos College, but was forced to give up his studies by an economic crisis.
Guido saw his first military action in 1806 when he helped to defend Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires is the capital and largest city of Argentina, and the second-largest metropolitan area in South America, after São Paulo. It is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent...
from the British invaders
British invasions of the Río de la Plata
The British invasions of the Río de la Plata were a series of unsuccessful British attempts to seize control of the Spanish colonies located around the La Plata Basin in South America . The invasions took place between 1806 and 1807, as part of the Napoleonic Wars, when Spain was an ally of...
. He later went on to participate in the May Revolution
May Revolution
The May Revolution was a week-long series of events that took place from May 18 to 25, 1810, in Buenos Aires, capital of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, a Spanish colony that included roughly the territories of present-day Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay...
in 1810.
In 1811 Guido became the secretary for Dr Mariano Moreno
Mariano Moreno
Mariano Moreno was an Argentine lawyer, journalist, and politician. He played a decisive role in the Primera Junta, the first national government of Argentina, created after the May Revolution....
on his journey to England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
. In 1812 Guido returned to Argentina to work as a secretary in the Ministry of War, later he moved to Charcas
Charcas
Charcas may refer to:* Charcas Province, a province in Potosí Department, Bolivia* Real Audiencia of Charcas, one of six political units of the Viceroyalty of Peru* Charcas, a historical name of Sucre, capital of Bolivia...
to work as a secretary for Francisco Ortiz de Ocampo. Later he travelled to Tucumán where he joined José de San Martín
José de San Martín
José Francisco de San Martín, known simply as Don José de San Martín , was an Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern part of South America's successful struggle for independence from Spain.Born in Yapeyú, Corrientes , he left his mother country at the...
y Manuel Belgrano
Manuel Belgrano
Manuel José Joaquín del Corazón de Jesús Belgrano , usually referred to as Manuel Belgrano, was an Argentine economist, lawyer, politician, and military leader. He took part in the Argentine Wars of Independence and created the Flag of Argentina...
, where he worked as the chief Secretary of the Army, working with San Martín to plan the campaign to liberate Chile
Chile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
and Peru
Peru
Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
.
On May 20, 1816 Guido presented Antonio González Balcarce with Memoria, which was based on his memories of conversations with San Martín
José de San Martín
José Francisco de San Martín, known simply as Don José de San Martín , was an Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern part of South America's successful struggle for independence from Spain.Born in Yapeyú, Corrientes , he left his mother country at the...
in Saldán, Córdoba
Córdoba Province (Argentina)
Córdoba is a province of Argentina, located in the center of the country. Neighboring provinces are : Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Buenos Aires, La Pampa, San Luis, La Rioja and Catamarca...
about the military, economic and political details of the Maitland Plan
Maitland Plan
Maitland Plan , refers to a plan created by Scottish Major General Thomas Maitland in 1800. The plan was titled Plan to capture Buenos Aires and Chile, and then emancipate Peru and Quito...
.
Campaign of liberation in Chile and Peru
After the victory at the Battle of ChacabucoBattle of Chacabuco
The Battle of Chacabuco, fought during the Chilean War of Independence, occurred on February 12, 1817. The Army of the Andes of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata led by General Captain José de San Martín defeated the Spanish force led by Rafael Maroto...
(February 12, 1817). General San Martín named Guido as Lieutenant Colonel, but he continued doing the job of Chief Secretary of the Army and Navy. During the ceremony to mark the official declaration of Chilean independence on February 12, 1818, Guido played the role of flagbearer.
Guido then worked as a diplomat for San Martín during the effort to liberate Peru, he negotiated with the Spanish Viceroy at Miraflores
Miraflores
Miraflores is the name of several places in Spanish-speaking countries. It is also the name of a battle fought in Peru in 1881. It means "to watch flowers" or "flower's view" from mira and flores .-Places:Europe...
before San Martín declared Peruvian Independence on July 28, 1821. Guido was at the Guayaquil Conference
Guayaquil conference
The Guayaquil Conference was a meeting that took place on July 26, 1822, in Guayaquil, Ecuador, between José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar, to discuss the future of Perú .-Overview:...
where the two great Liberators of South America (San Martín and Simón Bolívar
Simón Bolívar
Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios Ponte y Yeiter, commonly known as Simón Bolívar was a Venezuelan military and political leader...
) met for the only time. After San Martín left Peru, Guido stayed on, earning the titles of Supreme Military Advisor in 1823 and later Brigadier General.
Return to Argentina
In 1826 Guido returned to Buenos Aires where he was appointed as Inspector of Arms in 1827 by Bernardino RivadaviaBernardino Rivadavia
Bernardino de la Trinidad Gónzalez Rivadavia y Rivadavia was the first president of Argentina, from February 8, 1826 to July 7, 1827 . He was a politician of the United Provinces of Río de la Plata, Argentina today...
. He later served as Minister of War and Foreign Relations on three occasions with Lavalle
Juan Lavalle
Juan Galo de Lavalle was an Argentine military and political figure.-Biography:Lavalle was born in Buenos Aires to María Mercedes González Bordallo and Manuel José de La Vallée y Cortés, general accountant of rents and tobacco for the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata.In 1799, the family moved to...
, Viamonte
Juan José Viamonte
Juan José Viamonte González was an Argentine general in the early 19th century.-Biography:Viamonte was born in Buenos Aires and entered the army in his youth following in his father's footsteps...
and Rosas
Juan Manuel de Rosas
Juan Manuel de Rosas , was an argentine militar and politician, who was elected governor of the province of Buenos Aires in 1829 to 1835, and then of the Argentine Confederation from 1835 until 1852...
.
Between 1840 and 1851 Guido was Argentina's representative to the government of Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
.