Telmatobius
Encyclopedia
Telmatobius is a genus
of frogs native to the Andean highlands in South America
, where they are found in Ecuador
, Peru
, Bolivia
, northwestern Argentina
and northern Chile
. All species are closely associated with water and some are entirely aquatic
. It contains more than 50 species; the vast majority seriously threatened
, especially from habitat loss, pollution, diseases (chytridiomycosis
and nematode infection
s) and capture for human consumption. The huge Titicaca Water Frog (T. culeus), made famous by Jacques Cousteau, also faces these risks. The three Ecuadorian species have not been seen for years and may already be extinct: T. cirrhacelis
last seen in 1981, T. niger
in 1994 and T. vellardi
in 1987.
The genus was first described by Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann
in 1834. They somewhat resemble the related Batrachophrynus
, which also are native to the Andes.
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
of frogs native to the Andean highlands in South America
South America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
, where they are found in Ecuador
Ecuador
Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...
, Peru
Peru
Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
, Bolivia
Bolivia
Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...
, northwestern Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
and northern Chile
Chile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
. All species are closely associated with water and some are entirely aquatic
Aquatic animal
An aquatic animal is an animal, either vertebrate or invertebrate, which lives in water for most or all of its life. It may breathe air or extract its oxygen from that dissolved in water through specialised organs called gills, or directly through its skin. Natural environments and the animals that...
. It contains more than 50 species; the vast majority seriously threatened
Threatened species
Threatened species are any speciesg animals, plants, fungi, etc.) which are vulnerable to endangerment in the near future.The World Conservation Union is the foremost authority on threatened species, and treats threatened species not as a single category, but as a group of three categories,...
, especially from habitat loss, pollution, diseases (chytridiomycosis
Chytridiomycosis
Chytridiomycosis is an infectious disease of amphibians, caused by the chytrid Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a non-hyphal zoosporic fungus. Chytridiomycosis has been linked to dramatic population declines or even extinctions of amphibian species in western North America, Central America, South...
and nematode infection
Nematode infection
A nematode infection is a type of helminthiasis caused by organisms in the Nematode phylum.An example is enterobiasis.Several antinematodal agents are available....
s) and capture for human consumption. The huge Titicaca Water Frog (T. culeus), made famous by Jacques Cousteau, also faces these risks. The three Ecuadorian species have not been seen for years and may already be extinct: T. cirrhacelis
Telmatobius cirrhacelis
Telmatobius cirrhacelis is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Ecuador.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and rivers.It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...
last seen in 1981, T. niger
Telmatobius niger
Telmatobius niger is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Ecuador.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland and rivers.It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...
in 1994 and T. vellardi
Telmatobius vellardi
Telmatobius vellardi is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Ecuador.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes, subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, and rivers.It is threatened by habitat...
in 1987.
The genus was first described by Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann
Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann
Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann was a German zoologist. He studied medicine and philology at the University of Leipzig, and afterwards was an assistant to Martin Lichtenstein in Berlin...
in 1834. They somewhat resemble the related Batrachophrynus
Batrachophrynus
Batrachophrynus is a genus of leptodactylid frogs. They live at altitudes of in the Andes of Junín and Pasco in central Peru. The genus includes one completely aquatic and one semi-aquatic species. Both have declined in recent years and are now considered endangered mainly due to capture for human...
, which also are native to the Andes.
Species
- Telmatobius arequipensisTelmatobius arequipensisTelmatobius arequipensis is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Peru.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, rivers, intermittent rivers, swamps, and canals and ditches.It is threatened...
Vellard, 1955 - Telmatobius atacamensisTelmatobius atacamensisTelmatobius atacamensis is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Argentina.Its natural habitats are rivers and swamps.It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:* Lavilla, E. 2004. . Downloaded on 22 July 2007....
Gallardo, 1962 - Telmatobius atahualpaiTelmatobius atahualpaiTelmatobius atahualpai is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Peru.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, and rivers.-Source:...
Wiens, 1993 - Telmatobius brevipesTelmatobius brevipesTelmatobius brevipes is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Peru.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes, subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, rivers, arable land, and canals and...
Vellard, 1951 - Telmatobius brevirostris Vellard, 1955
- Telmatobius carillaeTelmatobius carillaeTelmatobius carillae is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Peru.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland and rivers.-Source:...
Morales, 1988 - Telmatobius ceiorumTelmatobius ceiorumTelmatobius ceiorum is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Argentina.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and rivers.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:...
Laurent, 1970 - Telmatobius chusmisensisTelmatobius chusmisensisTelmatobius chusmisensis is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family. It is endemic to Chile....
Formas, Cuevas & Nunez, 2006 - Telmatobius cirrhacelisTelmatobius cirrhacelisTelmatobius cirrhacelis is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Ecuador.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and rivers.It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...
Trueb, 1979 - Telmatobius colanensisTelmatobius colanensisTelmatobius colanensis is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Peru.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and rivers.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:...
Wiens, 1993 - Telmatobius contrerasiTelmatobius contrerasiTelmatobius contrerasi is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Argentina.Its natural habitat is rivers.It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:* Lavilla, E. 2004. . Downloaded on 22 July 2007....
Cei, 1977 - Telmatobius culeusTelmatobius culeusTelmatobius culeus, commonly known as the Titicaca Water Frog, is a very large and critically endangered species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family. It is entirely aquatic and only found in Lake Titicaca and rivers that flow into this lake in South America...
(Garman, 1875) - Telmatobius dankoiTelmatobius dankoiTelmatobius dankoi is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Chile.Its natural habitat is rivers.-Source:* Veloso, A. & Núñez, H. 2004. . Downloaded on 22 July 2007....
Formas, Northland, Capetillo, Nuñez, Cuevas & Brieva, 1999 - Telmatobius degenerTelmatobius degenerTelmatobius degener is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Peru.Its natural habitats are Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, rivers, swamps, and pastureland.-References:* Aguilar Puntriano, C.,...
Wiens, 1993 - Telmatobius edaphonastesTelmatobius edaphonastesTelmatobius edaphonastes is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Bolivia.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and rivers.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:...
De la Riva, 1995 - Telmatobius espadaiTelmatobius espadaiTelmatobius espadai, also known as the Inquisivi Water Frog, is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family, one of fourteen species of Telmatobius water frogs endemic to Bolivia.- Description :...
De la Riva, 2005 - Telmatobius fronteriensisTelmatobius fronteriensisTelmatobius fronteriensis is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is found in Chile and possibly Bolivia.Its natural habitats are rivers, freshwater marshes, geothermal wetlands, and ponds.-Source:...
Benavides, Ortiz & Formas, 2002 - Telmatobius gigasTelmatobius gigasTelmatobius gigas is a critically endangered species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family. It is endemic to the Huayllamarca River at an altitude of about in the Carangas Province in Bolivia. Its tiny range makes it highly vulnerable to pollution, and it may also be threatened by over-harvesting...
Vellard, 1969 - Telmatobius halliTelmatobius halliTelmatobius halli is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is found in Chile and possibly Bolivia.Its natural habitat is geothermal wetlands.-Source:* Veloso, A., Núñez, H. & Formas, R. 2004. . Downloaded on 22 July 2007....
Noble, 1938 - Telmatobius hauthaliTelmatobius hauthaliTelmatobius hauthali is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Argentina.Its natural habitat is geothermal wetlands.It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:* Lavilla, E. 2004. . Downloaded on 22 July 2007....
Koslowsky, 1895 - Telmatobius hockingiTelmatobius hockingiTelmatobius hockingi is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Peru.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and rivers.It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...
Salas & Sinsch, 1996 - Telmatobius huayraTelmatobius huayraTelmatobius huayra is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Bolivia.Its natural habitats are rivers, swamps, and geothermal wetlands.-Source:...
Lavilla & Ergueta-Sandoval, 1995 - Telmatobius hypselocephalusTelmatobius hypselocephalusTelmatobius hypselocephalus is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Argentina.Its natural habitat is rivers.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:* Lavilla, E. 2004. . Downloaded on 22 July 2007....
Lavilla & Laurent, 1989 - Telmatobius ifornoi Lavilla & Sandoval, 1999
- Telmatobius ignavusTelmatobius ignavusTelmatobius ignavus is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Peru.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes, rivers, pastureland, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forest....
Barbour & Noble, 1920 - Telmatobius intermediusTelmatobius intermediusTelmatobius intermedius is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Peru.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, and rivers.-Source:...
Vellard, 1951 - Telmatobius jahuira Lavilla & Ergueta-Sandoval, 1995
- Telmatobius jelskiiTelmatobius jelskiiTelmatobius jelskii is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Peru.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, rivers, arable land, pastureland, and canals and ditches.-Source:* Monteza, J.I.,...
(Peters, 1873) - Telmatobius laticepsTelmatobius laticepsTelmatobius laticeps is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Argentina.Its natural habitat is rivers.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:* Lavilla, E. 2004. . Downloaded on 22 July 2007....
Laurent, 1977 - Telmatobius latirostrisTelmatobius latirostrisTelmatobius latirostris is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Peru.Its natural habitats are rivers, urban areas, and irrigated land.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:...
Vellard, 1951 - Telmatobius marmoratusTelmatobius marmoratusTelmatobius marmoratus is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is found in Bolivia, Chile, Peru, and possibly Argentina.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, rivers, and pastureland.-Source:* Monteza, J.I.,...
(Duméril & Bibron, 1841) - Telmatobius mayoloiTelmatobius mayoloiTelmatobius mayoloi is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Peru.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland and rivers.-References:...
Salas & Sinsch, 1996 - Telmatobius necopinusTelmatobius necopinusTelmatobius necopinus is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Peru.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and rivers.-References:* Monteza, J.I. & Lehr, E. 2004. . Downloaded on 22 July 2007....
Wiens, 1993 - Telmatobius nigerTelmatobius nigerTelmatobius niger is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Ecuador.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland and rivers.It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...
Barbour & Noble, 1920 - Telmatobius oxycephalusTelmatobius oxycephalusTelmatobius oxycephalus is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Argentina.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and rivers.-Source:* Lavilla, E. 2004. . Downloaded on 22 July 2007....
Vellard, 1946 - Telmatobius pefauriTelmatobius pefauriTelmatobius pefauri is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is found in Chile and possibly Peru.Its natural habitat is rivers.It is threatened by habitat loss.- Source :* Veloso, A. & Núñez, H. 2004. . Downloaded on 22 July 2007....
Veloso M. & Trueb, 1976 - Telmatobius peruvianusTelmatobius peruvianusTelmatobius peruvianus is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is found in Chile and Peru.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist shrubland and rivers.It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...
Wiegmann, 1834 - Telmatobius philippiiTelmatobius philippiiTelmatobius philippii is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Chile.Its natural habitat is rivers.-Source:* Veloso, A. & Formas, R. 2004. . Downloaded on 22 July 2007....
Cuevas & Formas, 2002 - Telmatobius pinguiculusTelmatobius pinguiculusTelmatobius pinguiculus is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Argentina.Its natural habitat is rivers.It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:* Lavilla, E. 2004. . Downloaded on 22 July 2007....
Lavilla & Laurent, 1989 - Telmatobius pisanoiTelmatobius pisanoiTelmatobius pisanoi is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Argentina.Its natural habitats are rivers and swamps.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:* Lavilla, E. 2004. . Downloaded on 22 July 2007....
Laurent, 1977 - Telmatobius platycephalusTelmatobius platycephalusTelmatobius platycephalus is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Argentina.Its natural habitat is rivers.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:* Lavilla, E. 2004. . Downloaded on 22 July 2007....
Lavilla & Laurent, 1989 - Telmatobius rimacTelmatobius rimacTelmatobius rimac is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Peru.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, rivers, arable land, pastureland, and canals and ditches.-References:* Monteza, J.I.,...
Schmidt, 1954 - Telmatobius schreiteriTelmatobius schreiteriTelmatobius schreiteri is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Argentina.Its natural habitat is rivers.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:* Lavilla, E. 2004. . Downloaded on 22 July 2007....
Vellard, 1946 - Telmatobius scrocchiiTelmatobius scrocchiiTelmatobius scrocchii is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Argentina.Its natural habitat is rivers.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:* Lavilla, E. 2004. . Downloaded on 22 July 2007....
Laurent & Lavilla, 1986 - Telmatobius sibiricusTelmatobius sibiricusTelmatobius sibiricus is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Bolivia.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes, rivers, rural gardens, heavily degraded former forest, and canals and ditches....
De la Riva & Harvey, 2003 - Telmatobius simonsiTelmatobius simonsiTelmatobius simonsi is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Bolivia.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes, subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, rivers, freshwater marshes, arable land,...
Parker, 1940 - Telmatobius stephaniTelmatobius stephaniTelmatobius stephani is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Argentina.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and rivers.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:...
Laurent, 1973 - Telmatobius thompsoniTelmatobius thompsoniTelmatobius thompsoni is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Peru.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, rivers, swamps, freshwater marshes, and intermittent freshwater marches.-References:...
Wiens, 1993 - Telmatobius truebaeTelmatobius truebaeTelmatobius truebae is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Peru.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes, rivers, and canals and ditches.-References:...
Wiens, 1993 - Telmatobius vellardiTelmatobius vellardiTelmatobius vellardi is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Ecuador.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes, subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, and rivers.It is threatened by habitat...
Munsterman & Leviton, 1959 - Telmatobius vilamensisTelmatobius vilamensisTelmatobius vilamensis is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is found in Chile and possibly Bolivia.Its natural habitat is rivers.-Source:* Formas, R. 2004. . Downloaded on 22 July 2007....
Formas, Benavides & Cuevas, 2003 - Telmatobius yuracareTelmatobius yuracareTelmatobius yuracare is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is endemic to Bolivia.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes, rivers, and freshwater marshes.It is threatened by habitat loss.- Source :...
De la Riva, 1994 - Telmatobius zapahuirensisTelmatobius zapahuirensisTelmatobius zapahuirensis is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.It is found in Chile and possibly Peru.Its natural habitat is rivers.It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...
Veloso, Sallaberry, Navarro, Iturra, Valencia, Penna & Diaz, 1982
Referecences
- Angulo (2009). Conservation Needs of Batrachophrynus and Telmatobius Frogs of the Andes of Peru. Conservation and Society. 6(4): 328-333.
- Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani and Young, editors (2008). Threatened Amphibians of the World. ISBN 9788496553415
External links
- BBC News 4/29/05
- ITIS Report ITISItisItis may refer to* Integrated Taxonomic Information System, a partnership designed to provide consistent and reliable information on the taxonomy of biological species...