Tatra T813
Encyclopedia
Tatra T813 was a truck
produced in Czechoslovakia
by the Tatra
company.
assemblies in 4x4 full time all wheel drive, which was also another first for Tatra. After the initial trials however the designers decided to develop and expand the concepts onto 8x8
all wheel drive all-terrain vehicle
. The basis of the design thus became the modular chassis of T813. Successor is the Tatra T815
model.
combinations. The new cab of COE
design was implemented as were the wide profile super single tyres and central tyre inflation/deflation system
.
T-930 was created by adding extra four cylinders to the existing T-928 75-degree V8
engine, used in Tatra T138. The crankshaft
consisted of six individual journals bolted together with front and rear pins all running on the main roller bearings and located on axial friction
thrust
washers. The military
version was once again multi-fuel capable, running on mixtures of diesel fuel, petrol and aviation kerosene
fuel.
is a full length backbone tube with independent swing half axles in 4x4
, 6x6
and 8x8. 4x4 models had front axle suspension
via adjustable torsion bars, 6x6 and 8x8 models front and rear axles used longitudinal semi-elliptic leaf springs. For 4x4 configuration the rear axle was suspended via the airbags suspension. Full time all wheel drive front twin steer (6x6, 8x8) drive via homo-kinetic drive shafts, drive with the differential locks, inter-axle differentials with locks and planetary
hub reductions on all models. Unlike many six-wheeled vehicles, which have a single front axle and tandem rear axles, 6x6 versions used twin steering front axles- as with the 8x8- and a single rear axle.
shaft (this design enables a so called flat floor cabin) was bolted together with an auxiliary gearbox to a transfer case
and then to a backbone tube and formed main part of a chassis structure. Options for the rear power take off and or a winch
drive were available. Main and auxiliary gears were fully synchronized except the first and reverse gear. The new feature was unique 2 speed planetary overdrive system bolted between front and rear axles.
The overdrive could only be selected manually whilst stationary. Auxiliary gearbox had a neutral position which allowed a winch and a power take off to use main gearbox gearing for variable speed operation. The final drives used Tatra gear differentials with locks, offset drive shafts and planetary hub reductions.
"S" cam drum brakes acting on all wheels drums via slack adjuster, all brake cylinders were remotely vented. First brake circuit acts on front wheels, the second on rear wheels and the third controls trailer service brakes. Unique design feature was remotely mounted brake valve which was operated via hydraulic master and slave cylinder principle on the Hauler 6x6 or via mechanical linkage on 8x8 models.
s inside the cabin compartment. The cab came in two versions, the "short" two seater two door version and in the "long" "crew cab" seven seater four door version. The military specs cabs included the roof hatch
or two in the case of the crew cab. All cabs were equipped with self contained diesel cab heater which could also be used in the winter to warm up the engine before starting it. Another military feature was CTI
central tyre inflation system controlled from the cab for each wheel independently and an ability to pressurize gearbox and differentials housing during water crossing. The 8x8 models had abilility to cross trench
es up to 1.4 metre wide and vertical
obstacles up to 0.6 metre high. Water crossing depth (static including the wave) was up to 1.4 metre (KOLOS 8x8). The vehicle top speed was 92 km/h (NT & NTH), 80 km/h (KOLOS), 70 km/h (hauler), 60 km/h (S1) @ 2000 engine rpm.
in 1982. Models were available in the 4x4, 6x6, and 8x8 drive configurations for civilian and military use.
T813 has become extremely popular after fall of the Iron Curtain
in the West as an extreme off-road truck, participating at the various truck trials held across Europe.
Truck
A truck or lorry is a motor vehicle designed to transport cargo. Trucks vary greatly in size, power, and configuration, with the smallest being mechanically similar to an automobile...
produced in Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
by the Tatra
Tatra (car)
Tatra is a vehicle manufacturer in Kopřivnice, Czech Republic. The company was founded in 1850 as Schustala & Company later renamed Nesselsdorfer Wagenbau-Fabriksgesellschaft, a wagon and carriage manufacturer, and in 1897 produced the first motor car in central Europe, the Präsident. In 1918, it...
company.
History
The first prototype already built in 1960 utilized existing Tatra T138Tatra T138
-History:The decision to replace the Tatra T111 was made in 1952 as part of a central state planning economy, where Tatra Kopřivnice was to produce 7-10 ton utility trucks. In 1956 at II. Czechoslovak Machinery Expo in Brno, Tatra exhibited 2 new models, the T137 and T138. Both vehicles had up to...
assemblies in 4x4 full time all wheel drive, which was also another first for Tatra. After the initial trials however the designers decided to develop and expand the concepts onto 8x8
Eight-wheel drive
Eight-wheel drive, 8WD, or 8x8 is an eight-wheeled vehicle with a drivetrain that allows all eight wheels to receive power from the engine simultaneously.Some severe/extreme duty semi tractors may have this configuration...
all wheel drive all-terrain vehicle
All-terrain vehicle
An all-terrain vehicle , also known as a quad, quad bike, three wheeler, or four wheeler, is defined by the American National Standards Institute as a vehicle that travels on low pressure tires, with a seat that is straddled by the operator, along with handlebars for steering control...
. The basis of the design thus became the modular chassis of T813. Successor is the Tatra T815
Tatra T815
Tatra T815 is a truck family, produced by Czech company Tatra. It uses the traditional tatra concept of rigid backbone tube and swinging half-axles giving independent suspension. The vehicles are available in 4x4, 6x6, 8x8, 10x8, 10x10, 12x8 and 12x12 variants. There are both air-cooled and...
model.
Design and technology
The tubular backbone construction was once again selected. The main advantages of central load carrying backbone tube are in its high torsion and bend strength protecting truck body against load stresses. The advantage is also that it houses all important parts of the drive train as well as it enables a concept of modular construction where designers and customers can specify 4,6,8, wheel drive and various length wheelbaseWheelbase
In both road and rail vehicles, the wheelbase is the distance between the centers of the front and rear wheels.- Road :In automobiles, the wheelbase is the horizontal distance between the center of the front wheel and the center of the rear wheel...
combinations. The new cab of COE
Cab over
Cab-over, also known as COE , cab forward, or forward control, is a body style of truck or van that has a vertical front or "flat face", with the cab of the truck sitting above the front axle...
design was implemented as were the wide profile super single tyres and central tyre inflation/deflation system
Central Tire Inflation System
A Central Tire Inflation System is a system to provide control over the air pressure in each tire of a vehicle as a way to improve performance on different surfaces. For example, lowering the air pressure in a tire creates a larger area of contact between the tire and the ground and makes driving...
.
Engine
The naturally aspirated V12 engineV12 engine
A V12 engine is a V engine with 12 cylinders mounted on the crankcase in two banks of six cylinders, usually but not always at a 60° angle to each other, with all 12 pistons driving a common crankshaft....
T-930 was created by adding extra four cylinders to the existing T-928 75-degree V8
V8 engine
A V8 engine is a V engine with eight cylinders mounted on the crankcase in two banks of four cylinders, in most cases set at a right angle to each other but sometimes at a narrower angle, with all eight pistons driving a common crankshaft....
engine, used in Tatra T138. The crankshaft
Crankshaft
The crankshaft, sometimes casually abbreviated to crank, is the part of an engine which translates reciprocating linear piston motion into rotation...
consisted of six individual journals bolted together with front and rear pins all running on the main roller bearings and located on axial friction
Friction
Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and/or material elements sliding against each other. There are several types of friction:...
thrust
Thrust
Thrust is a reaction force described quantitatively by Newton's second and third laws. When a system expels or accelerates mass in one direction the accelerated mass will cause a force of equal magnitude but opposite direction on that system....
washers. The military
Military
A military is an organization authorized by its greater society to use lethal force, usually including use of weapons, in defending its country by combating actual or perceived threats. The military may have additional functions of use to its greater society, such as advancing a political agenda e.g...
version was once again multi-fuel capable, running on mixtures of diesel fuel, petrol and aviation kerosene
Kerosene
Kerosene, sometimes spelled kerosine in scientific and industrial usage, also known as paraffin or paraffin oil in the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Ireland and South Africa, is a combustible hydrocarbon liquid. The name is derived from Greek keros...
fuel.
Chassis
The chassisChassis
A chassis consists of an internal framework that supports a man-made object. It is analogous to an animal's skeleton. An example of a chassis is the underpart of a motor vehicle, consisting of the frame with the wheels and machinery.- Vehicles :In the case of vehicles, the term chassis means the...
is a full length backbone tube with independent swing half axles in 4x4
Four-wheel drive
Four-wheel drive, 4WD, or 4×4 is a four-wheeled vehicle with a drivetrain that allows all four wheels to receive torque from the engine simultaneously...
, 6x6
Six-wheel drive
Six-wheel drive, 6WD or 6x6 is a drivetrain configuration of six wheels, all of which are driven simultaneously by the vehicle's engine. Unlike four-wheel drive drivetrains, the configuration is largely confined to off-road and military vehicles, particularly heavy-duty ones...
and 8x8. 4x4 models had front axle suspension
Suspension (vehicle)
Suspension is the term given to the system of springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels. Suspension systems serve a dual purpose — contributing to the car's roadholding/handling and braking for good active safety and driving pleasure, and keeping vehicle occupants...
via adjustable torsion bars, 6x6 and 8x8 models front and rear axles used longitudinal semi-elliptic leaf springs. For 4x4 configuration the rear axle was suspended via the airbags suspension. Full time all wheel drive front twin steer (6x6, 8x8) drive via homo-kinetic drive shafts, drive with the differential locks, inter-axle differentials with locks and planetary
Epicyclic gearing
Epicyclic gearing or planetary gearing is a gear system consisting of one or more outer gears, or planet gears, revolving about a central, or sun gear. Typically, the planet gears are mounted on a movable arm or carrier which itself may rotate relative to the sun gear...
hub reductions on all models. Unlike many six-wheeled vehicles, which have a single front axle and tandem rear axles, 6x6 versions used twin steering front axles- as with the 8x8- and a single rear axle.
- Front track
- 2050 mm (KOLOSColossus of RhodesThe Colossus of Rhodes was a statue of the Greek Titan Helios, erected in the city of Rhodes on the Greek island of Rhodes by Chares of Lindos between 292 and 280 BC. It is considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It was constructed to celebrate Rhodes' victory over the ruler of...
) - 1990 mm (6x6 Hauler, S1, 8x8 Chassis)
- 2300 mm (NT, NTH Prime movers)
- 2050 mm (KOLOS
- Rear track
- 2000 mm (8x8 KOLOS)
- 1950 mm (6x6 Hauler, 8x8 Chassis, S 1)
- 1990 mm (NT, NTH Prime movers)
- Wheelbase
- T813 KOLOS - 1650+2200+1450 mm
- 6x6 Hauler - 1650+2700 mm
- 8x8 Chassis - 1650+3200+1450 mm
- S1 8x8 - 1650+2800+1450 mm
- NT, NTH 4x4 - 3700 mm
- Ground clearance
- 380 mm (KOLOS, 6x6 Hauler)
- 330 mm (8x8 Chassis, S1 8x8)
- 300 mm (NT, NTH Prime Movers)
Transmission
The main gearbox was located behind the cabin and connected to an engine clutch housing via short cardanUniversal joint
A universal joint, universal coupling, U joint, Cardan joint, Hardy-Spicer joint, or Hooke's joint is a joint or coupling in a rigid rod that allows the rod to 'bend' in any direction, and is commonly used in shafts that transmit rotary motion...
shaft (this design enables a so called flat floor cabin) was bolted together with an auxiliary gearbox to a transfer case
Transfer case
A transfer case is a part of a four-wheel-drive system found in four-wheel-drive and all-wheel-drive vehicles. The transfer case is connected to the transmission and also to the front and rear axles by means of drive shafts...
and then to a backbone tube and formed main part of a chassis structure. Options for the rear power take off and or a winch
Winch
A winch is a mechanical device that is used to pull in or let out or otherwise adjust the "tension" of a rope or wire rope . In its simplest form it consists of a spool and attached hand crank. In larger forms, winches stand at the heart of machines as diverse as tow trucks, steam shovels and...
drive were available. Main and auxiliary gears were fully synchronized except the first and reverse gear. The new feature was unique 2 speed planetary overdrive system bolted between front and rear axles.
The overdrive could only be selected manually whilst stationary. Auxiliary gearbox had a neutral position which allowed a winch and a power take off to use main gearbox gearing for variable speed operation. The final drives used Tatra gear differentials with locks, offset drive shafts and planetary hub reductions.
- Main gearbox - 5+1 (2-5 gear synchronized) (KOLOS 8x8 & Hauler 6x6)
- gear ratios - (1)9.97, (2)4.96, (3)2.83, (4)1.68, (5)1.0, (R)8.58
- Main gearbox - 5+1 (2-5 gear synchronized) with splitter direct and overdrive (S1 8x8, Chassis 8x8,NT & NTH 4x4)
- gear ratios - (1)9.97, (2)4.96, (3)2.83, (4)1.68, (5)1.0, (R)8.58
- splitter ratios - 1.0 (Direct), 0.75 (Overdrive) (electro-pneumatic control via switch on the gear lever and clutch pedal activated )
- Auxiliary gearbox - 2 speed (electro-pneumatic control via switch on the gear lever and clutch pedal activated )
- gear ratios - 2.2, 1.62 (KOLOS & Hauler 6x6)
- Step down transfer caseTransfer caseA transfer case is a part of a four-wheel-drive system found in four-wheel-drive and all-wheel-drive vehicles. The transfer case is connected to the transmission and also to the front and rear axles by means of drive shafts...
- single- gear ratio - 1.68 (S1 8x8, Chassis 8x8, NT & NTH 4x4 only)
- PlanetaryEpicyclic gearingEpicyclic gearing or planetary gearing is a gear system consisting of one or more outer gears, or planet gears, revolving about a central, or sun gear. Typically, the planet gears are mounted on a movable arm or carrier which itself may rotate relative to the sun gear...
overdriveOverdrive (mechanics)Overdrive is a term used to describe a mechanism that allows an automobile to cruise at sustained speed with reduced engine RPM, leading to better fuel economy, lower noise and lower wear...
- ratios - 1.0, 0.62 (KOLOS 8x8 & Hauler 6x6 only)
- ClutchClutchA clutch is a mechanical device which provides for the transmission of power from one component to another...
- 3x plate dry (clutch pedal hydraulic and air power assisted)- - 2x plate dry (clutch pedal hydraulic and air power assisted) (NT & NTH 4x4 only)
- Differentials
- 2x front and 2x rear (8x8 models)
- 2x front and 1x rear (6x6 models)
- 1x front and 1x rear (4x4 models)
- final drive ratio - 2.71
- Planetary hub reduction ratios
- 2.14 (KOLOS 8x8)
- 2,12 (Hauler 6x6 & S1 8x8)
Brakes
Full triple circuit airAir brake (road vehicle)
Air brakes are used in trucks, buses, trailers, and semi-trailers. George Westinghouse first developed air brakes for use in railway service. He patented a safer air brake on March 5, 1872. Originally designed and built for use on railroad train application, air brakes remain the exclusive systems...
"S" cam drum brakes acting on all wheels drums via slack adjuster, all brake cylinders were remotely vented. First brake circuit acts on front wheels, the second on rear wheels and the third controls trailer service brakes. Unique design feature was remotely mounted brake valve which was operated via hydraulic master and slave cylinder principle on the Hauler 6x6 or via mechanical linkage on 8x8 models.
- Main wheel brakes ----> dual circuit drum brakes "S" cam type
- Park brake ----> mechanical via output shaft and drum at the back of the gearbox
- Supplementary brake ----> exhaust brakeExhaust brakeAn exhaust brake is a means of slowing a diesel engine by closing off the exhaust path from the engine, causing the exhaust gases to be compressed in the exhaust manifold, and in the cylinder. Since the exhaust is being compressed, and there is no fuel being applied, the engine works backwards,...
electro-pneumatically controlled
Bodywork
Cabin is all steel construction of COE design but not tiltable, the access to the engine was provided via removable engine cowlingCowling
A cowling is the covering of a vehicle's engine, most often found on automobiles and aircraft.A cowling may be used:* for drag reduction* for engine cooling by directing airflow* as an air intake for jet engines* for decorative purposes...
s inside the cabin compartment. The cab came in two versions, the "short" two seater two door version and in the "long" "crew cab" seven seater four door version. The military specs cabs included the roof hatch
Trapdoor
A trapdoor is a door set into a floor or ceiling .Originally, trapdoors were sack traps in mills, and allowed the sacks to pass up through the mill while naturally falling back to a closed position....
or two in the case of the crew cab. All cabs were equipped with self contained diesel cab heater which could also be used in the winter to warm up the engine before starting it. Another military feature was CTI
CTI
CTI may stand for:*Corner Travel Index*DePaul University School of Computer Science, Telecommunications and Information Systems at DePaul University*CTI Consultants...
central tyre inflation system controlled from the cab for each wheel independently and an ability to pressurize gearbox and differentials housing during water crossing. The 8x8 models had abilility to cross trench
Trench
A trench is a type of excavation or depression in the ground. Trenches are generally defined by being deeper than they are wide , and by being narrow compared to their length ....
es up to 1.4 metre wide and vertical
Vertical direction
In astronomy, geography, geometry and related sciences and contexts, a direction passing by a given point is said to be vertical if it is locally aligned with the gradient of the gravity field, i.e., with the direction of the gravitational force at that point...
obstacles up to 0.6 metre high. Water crossing depth (static including the wave) was up to 1.4 metre (KOLOS 8x8). The vehicle top speed was 92 km/h (NT & NTH), 80 km/h (KOLOS), 70 km/h (hauler), 60 km/h (S1) @ 2000 engine rpm.
- Vehicles WeightsMassMass can be defined as a quantitive measure of the resistance an object has to change in its velocity.In physics, mass commonly refers to any of the following three properties of matter, which have been shown experimentally to be equivalent:...
Tare Tare weightTare , from the Middle French word tare "wastage in goods, deficiency, imperfection" , from Italian tara, from Arabic tarah, lit. "thing deducted or rejected," from taraha "to reject" weight, sometimes called unladen weight, is the weight of an empty vehicle or container...
- 14,000 kg (KOLOS 8x8), 21,050 kg (Hauler 6x6), 11,200 kg (Chassis 8x8), 15,000 kg (S1 8x8), 7,000 kg (NT & NTH 4x4)GVM Gross vehicle massA Gross Vehicle Mass is the maximum allowable total mass of a fully loaded motor vehicle, consisting of the tare mass plus the load...
- 22,200 kg(KOLOS 8x8), 22,000 kg (Hauler 6x6), 36,000 kg (Chassis 8x8), 36,000 kg (S1 8x8),Max Trailer Mass - 65,000 kg (KOLOS 8x8), 100,000 kg (Hauler 6x6), 32,000 kg (NT & NTH 4x4 GCM Gross combination massA Gross Combination Mass is the maximum allowable total mass of a fully loaded motor vehicle together with all of its trailers...
- 79,000 kg (KOLOS 8x8), 121,050 kg (Hauler 6x6), 39,000 kg (NT & NTH 4x4)
Production
Production of Tatra T813 began in 1967 and was superseded by Tatra T815Tatra T815
Tatra T815 is a truck family, produced by Czech company Tatra. It uses the traditional tatra concept of rigid backbone tube and swinging half-axles giving independent suspension. The vehicles are available in 4x4, 6x6, 8x8, 10x8, 10x10, 12x8 and 12x12 variants. There are both air-cooled and...
in 1982. Models were available in the 4x4, 6x6, and 8x8 drive configurations for civilian and military use.
-
- Primary models
- Tatra T813 "KOLOS" 8x8 - Military heavy haulage
- Tatra T813 Hauler 6x6 - Civilian heavy haulage
- Tatra T813 S1 8x8 - Heavy one way tipper
- Tatra T813 Cab-chassis 8x8 - Bodybuilders chassis for special use
- Tatra T813 NT & NTH 4x4 - Prime movers and special applications
Sport
Iron Curtain
The concept of the Iron Curtain symbolized the ideological fighting and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1989...
in the West as an extreme off-road truck, participating at the various truck trials held across Europe.