Tang Dynasty family tree
Encyclopedia
The following is a family tree of Chinese
emperors from 581 to 1279, the second of three periods of 700 years, from the unification of China under the Sui Dynasty
to the conquest of China by the Mongols
under Kublai Khan
.
Chinese emperors family tree (ancient) → Chinese emperors family tree (early) → Chinese emperors family tree (middle) → Chinese emperors family tree (late)
(隋朝), which ruled China
between AD 581 and 618. The Dynasty was named for the family title: the Yang (楊) family were the Dukes of Sui.
Those who became emperor are listed in bold, with their years of reign large. The names given for emperors are posthumous names, the form by which Sui emperors were most commonly known.
(唐朝), which ruled China
between AD 618 and 907. The Tang Dynasty was interrupted by the reign of Empress Wu Zetian (AD 690—705), who after deposing her sons, declared herself the founder of a second Zhou (周) Dynasty; the Tang Dynasty was resumed by her sons following her abdication. The Dynasty was named for the family title: the Li (李) family were the Dukes of Tang.
The names given in bold for emperors are temple names, the form by which Tang emperors were most commonly known (with the exception of Shangdi/Shaodi
(殤帝 / 少帝), whose posthumous titles mean simply "died young" and "the young emperor", and Aidi
(哀帝), also known as Zhaoxuan (昭宣), neither of whom were awarded temple names). It should be noted that the names of Xuanzong I
(玄宗) and Xuanzong II (宣宗) are different in the original Chinese, but are rendered the same in Pinyin
English transliteration (once the accents have been removed).
. During this period, five short-lived imperial dynasties ruled the heart of China, while a series of small independent kingdoms were established in the south.
ruled between 907 and 923.
ruled between 923 and 937. The Later Jin Dynasty
ruled between 936 and 947.
ruled between 947 and 951. Liu Min
, brother of Emperor Gaozu
the founder of the Later Han Dynasty, established the Northern Han
kingdom, which ruled the area north of the Chinese heartland until it was overrun by Emperor Taizong of Song
in 979.
ruled between 951 and 960.
kingdom gained independence from the Later Tang Dynasty
in 934, remaining an independent state until conquered by the Song Dynasty
in 965.
kingdom existed as an independent state 907–937. In 937 Li Bian
(also known as Xu Zhigao), at one point an adopted son of Yang Xingmi
and later the adopted son of the paramount general Xu Wen
, usurped power and established the Southern Tang
kingdom, which remained an independent state until conquered by the Song Dynasty
in 975.
, which ruled China
between 960 and 1279. The names given are temple names, the form by which Song Emperors are most commonly known (with the exception of the last emperor, Bing
, who is simply known by his given name. The Song Dynasty is often divided into the Northern Song (960–1127), which ended when the Song lost control of Northern China to the Jin Dynasty, and the Southern Song (1127–1279).
, which ruled much of northern China between 907 and 1125. The names given are temple names, the form by which Liao Emperors are most commonly known (with the exception of the last emperor, Tianzuodi, who was not awarded a temple name).
in 1115; in 1125 his successor Wanyan Wuqimai conquered the Liao Dynasty. The Jin ruled much of northern China until their conquest by the Mongol Empire 1234. They were the ancestors of the Qing Dynasty
, which was initially named the later Jin Dynasty in recognition of this heritage. The names given are temple names, the form by which Jin Emperors are most commonly known (with the exceptions of Hailingwang
, Weishaowang
and Modi
; these are posthumous names, as temple names were not awarded).
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
emperors from 581 to 1279, the second of three periods of 700 years, from the unification of China under the Sui Dynasty
Sui Dynasty
The Sui Dynasty was a powerful, but short-lived Imperial Chinese dynasty. Preceded by the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it ended nearly four centuries of division between rival regimes. It was followed by the Tang Dynasty....
to the conquest of China by the Mongols
Mongols
Mongols ) are a Central-East Asian ethnic group that lives mainly in the countries of Mongolia, China, and Russia. In China, ethnic Mongols can be found mainly in the central north region of China such as Inner Mongolia...
under Kublai Khan
Kublai Khan
Kublai Khan , born Kublai and also known by the temple name Shizu , was the fifth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire from 1260 to 1294 and the founder of the Yuan Dynasty in China...
.
Chinese emperors family tree (ancient) → Chinese emperors family tree (early) → Chinese emperors family tree (middle) → Chinese emperors family tree (late)
Sui Dynasty
The following is a simplified family tree for the Sui DynastySui Dynasty
The Sui Dynasty was a powerful, but short-lived Imperial Chinese dynasty. Preceded by the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it ended nearly four centuries of division between rival regimes. It was followed by the Tang Dynasty....
(隋朝), which ruled China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
between AD 581 and 618. The Dynasty was named for the family title: the Yang (楊) family were the Dukes of Sui.
Those who became emperor are listed in bold, with their years of reign large. The names given for emperors are posthumous names, the form by which Sui emperors were most commonly known.
Tang and Second Zhou Dynasties
The following is a simplified family tree for the Tang DynastyTang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire...
(唐朝), which ruled China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
between AD 618 and 907. The Tang Dynasty was interrupted by the reign of Empress Wu Zetian (AD 690—705), who after deposing her sons, declared herself the founder of a second Zhou (周) Dynasty; the Tang Dynasty was resumed by her sons following her abdication. The Dynasty was named for the family title: the Li (李) family were the Dukes of Tang.
The names given in bold for emperors are temple names, the form by which Tang emperors were most commonly known (with the exception of Shangdi/Shaodi
Emperor Shang of Tang
Emperor Shang , also known as Emperor Shao , personal name Li Chongmao , was an emperor of the Tang Dynasty of China, ruling briefly in 710....
(殤帝 / 少帝), whose posthumous titles mean simply "died young" and "the young emperor", and Aidi
Emperor Ai of Tang
Emperor Ai of Tang , also known as Emperor Zhaoxuan , born Li Zuo, later Li Zhu , was the last emperor of the Tang dynasty of China. He reigned from 904 to 907. The Ai Emperor was the son of Emperor Zhaozong....
(哀帝), also known as Zhaoxuan (昭宣), neither of whom were awarded temple names). It should be noted that the names of Xuanzong I
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang , also commonly known as Emperor Ming of Tang , personal name Li Longji , known as Wu Longji from 690 to 705, was the seventh emperor of the Tang dynasty in China, reigning from 712 to 756. His reign of 43 years was the longest during the Tang Dynasty...
(玄宗) and Xuanzong II (宣宗) are different in the original Chinese, but are rendered the same in Pinyin
Pinyin
Pinyin is the official system to transcribe Chinese characters into the Roman alphabet in China, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan. It is also often used to teach Mandarin Chinese and spell Chinese names in foreign publications and used as an input method to enter Chinese characters into...
English transliteration (once the accents have been removed).
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period
The fifty years between the fall of the Tang Dynasty and the establishment of the Song Dynasty were a time of upheaval known as the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms PeriodFive Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms was between 907–960/979 AD and an era of political upheaval in China, between the fall of the Tang Dynasty and the founding of the Song Dynasty. During this period, five dynasties quickly succeeded one another in the north, and more than 12 independent states were...
. During this period, five short-lived imperial dynasties ruled the heart of China, while a series of small independent kingdoms were established in the south.
Later Liang Dynasty
The Later Liang DynastyLater Liang Dynasty
The Later Liang was one of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period in China. It was founded by Zhu Wen, posthumously known as Taizu of Later Liang, after he forced the last emperor of the Tang dynasty to abdicate in his favour...
ruled between 907 and 923.
Later Tang Dynasty and Later Jin Dynasty
The Later Tang DynastyLater Tang Dynasty
The Later Tang Dynasty was a short-lived dynasty that lasted from 923 to 937 one of the five dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was also the first in a series of three dynasties ruled by the Shatuo Turks...
ruled between 923 and 937. The Later Jin Dynasty
Later Jin Dynasty (Five Dynasties)
Note that there are four periods of Chinese history using the name "Jin" The Later Jìn was one of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period in China. It was founded by Shi Jingtang, posthumously known as Gaozu of Later Jin...
ruled between 936 and 947.
Later Han Dynasty and Northern Han
The Later Han DynastyLater Han Dynasty (Five Dynasties)
The Later Han Dynasty was founded in 947. It was the fourth of the Five Dynasties and the third consecutive Shatuo Turk dynasty...
ruled between 947 and 951. Liu Min
Liu Min
Liu Min , originally named Liu Chong , was the founder of the Northern Han kingdom of China’s Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, traditionally dated from 907 to 960. Liu was a Shatuo Turk.-Formation of the Northern Han:...
, brother of Emperor Gaozu
Gaozu of Later Han
Gaozu of Later Han was the Shatuo Turk founder of the Later Han Dynasty, the fourth of the Five Dynasties in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period of Chinese history. It was also one of the shortest-lived kingdoms in Chinese history, lasting only three years...
the founder of the Later Han Dynasty, established the Northern Han
Northern Han
The Northern Han kingdom is a state of the Ten Kingdoms in the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. It was founded by Liu Min , formerly known as Liu Chong , and lasted from 951 – 979.-Founding of the Northern Han:...
kingdom, which ruled the area north of the Chinese heartland until it was overrun by Emperor Taizong of Song
Emperor Taizong of Song
Emperor Taizong , born Zhao Kuangyi, was the second emperor of the Song Dynasty of China from 976 to 997. He was the younger brother of Emperor Taizu. His temple name Taizong means "Grand Ancestor".-Overview:...
in 979.
Later Zhou Dynasty
The Later Zhou DynastyLater Zhou Dynasty
The Later Zhou Dynasty was the last a succession of five dynasties that controlled most of northern China during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, which lasted from 907 to 960 and bridged the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty.-Founding of the Dynasty:Guo Wei, a Han...
ruled between 951 and 960.
Later Shu
The Later ShuLater Shu
Later Shu was one of the Ten Kingdoms during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period in China from 907 to 960. It was located in present-day Sichuan with its capital in Chengdu.-Founding:...
kingdom gained independence from the Later Tang Dynasty
Later Tang Dynasty
The Later Tang Dynasty was a short-lived dynasty that lasted from 923 to 937 one of the five dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was also the first in a series of three dynasties ruled by the Shatuo Turks...
in 934, remaining an independent state until conquered by the Song Dynasty
Song Dynasty
The Song Dynasty was a ruling dynasty in China between 960 and 1279; it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, and was followed by the Yuan Dynasty. It was the first government in world history to issue banknotes or paper money, and the first Chinese government to establish a...
in 965.
Wu and Southern Tang
The WuWu (Ten Kingdoms)
Wu , also referred to as Huainan , Hongnong , Southern Wu , or Yang Wu , was one of the Ten Kingdoms in south-central China which was in existence between the years of 907 and 937. Its capital was Jiangdu Municipality...
kingdom existed as an independent state 907–937. In 937 Li Bian
Emperor Liezu of Southern Tang
Emperor Liezu of Southern Tang , also known as Xianzhu of Southern Tang , personal name Li Bian , earlier also known as Xu Zhigao , courtesy name Zhenglun , nickname Pengnu , was the founder of the Southern Tang kingdom, one of the most successful of the Ten Kingdoms of the...
(also known as Xu Zhigao), at one point an adopted son of Yang Xingmi
Yang Xingmi
Yang Xingmi , né Yang Xingmin , courtesy name Huayuan , formally Prince Wuzhong of Wu , later posthumously honored King Xiaowu of Wu then Emperor Wu of Wu with the temple name of Taizu , was a military governor of...
and later the adopted son of the paramount general Xu Wen
Xu Wen
Xu Wen , born April 13, 1986 in Shanghai), is a versatile Chinese footballer, who plays as either a defensive midfielder or defender for Nanchang Bayi.-Club career:...
, usurped power and established the Southern Tang
Southern Tang
Southern Tang was one of the Ten Kingdoms in south-central China created following the Tang Dynasty from 937-975. Southern Tang replaced the Wu Kingdom when Li Bian deposed the emperor Yang Pu....
kingdom, which remained an independent state until conquered by the Song Dynasty
Song Dynasty
The Song Dynasty was a ruling dynasty in China between 960 and 1279; it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, and was followed by the Yuan Dynasty. It was the first government in world history to issue banknotes or paper money, and the first Chinese government to establish a...
in 975.
Song Dynasty
The following is a simplified family tree for the Song DynastySong Dynasty
The Song Dynasty was a ruling dynasty in China between 960 and 1279; it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, and was followed by the Yuan Dynasty. It was the first government in world history to issue banknotes or paper money, and the first Chinese government to establish a...
, which ruled China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
between 960 and 1279. The names given are temple names, the form by which Song Emperors are most commonly known (with the exception of the last emperor, Bing
Emperor Bing of Song
Emperor Bing of Song was the last emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty of China. He was also known as Lord Perpetual-Nation ....
, who is simply known by his given name. The Song Dynasty is often divided into the Northern Song (960–1127), which ended when the Song lost control of Northern China to the Jin Dynasty, and the Southern Song (1127–1279).
Liao Dynasty
The following is a simplified family tree for the Liao DynastyLiao Dynasty
The Liao Dynasty , also known as the Khitan Empire was an empire in East Asia that ruled over the regions of Manchuria, Mongolia, and parts of northern China proper between 9071125...
, which ruled much of northern China between 907 and 1125. The names given are temple names, the form by which Liao Emperors are most commonly known (with the exception of the last emperor, Tianzuodi, who was not awarded a temple name).
Jin Dynasty
The following is a simplified family tree for the Jin Dynasty. Arising from a family of Jurchen chieftains (whose years of rule are given in brackets), the Dynasty was declared by Wanyan AgudaWanyan Aguda
Emperor Taizu of Jin was Emperor of Jin from January 28, 1115 to September 19, 1123.He was the chieftain of the Jurchen Wanyan tribe, founder and first emperor of the Jin Dynasty . He was the younger brother of Wanyan Wuyashu...
in 1115; in 1125 his successor Wanyan Wuqimai conquered the Liao Dynasty. The Jin ruled much of northern China until their conquest by the Mongol Empire 1234. They were the ancestors of the Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
, which was initially named the later Jin Dynasty in recognition of this heritage. The names given are temple names, the form by which Jin Emperors are most commonly known (with the exceptions of Hailingwang
Emperor Hailingwang of Jin
Emperor Hailingwang of Jin was emperor of the Jin Dynasty, the Jurchen dynasty which ruled northern China. He reigned from January 9, 1150 to December 15, 1161....
, Weishaowang
Emperor Weishaowang of Jin
Emperor Weishaowang of Jin was the emperor of the Jin Dynasty whom ruled most of northern China in the 12th and 13th centuries. His name at birth was Wányán Yǒngjì Weishaowang was the seventh of ten emperors of the Jin Dynasty...
and Modi
Emperor Modi of Jin
Emperor Modi of Jin was the last emperor of the Jin Dynasty. Ruling for less than one day on February 9, 1234 before being killed by the Mongolians, he is the shortest-reigning monarch in Chinese history.-Brief history:...
; these are posthumous names, as temple names were not awarded).