Taifa of Granada
Encyclopedia
The Taifa
of Granada
(Arabic: طائفة غرناطة , Ta'ifa Garnata ) was a Moorish
kingdom in Al-Andalus
, within the present day Granada Province
in southern Spain
. The kingdom originated in 1013 and lasted until 1091.
name "Ilbira".
province. Civil conflicts that wracked the Caliphate in the early eleventh century led to the destruction of the city in 1010. Zawi ben Ziri, the Zirid
was chief of one of the armies that took part in the Caliphate civil war that destroyed Medina Azahara
in Córdoba
, and later destroyed Medina Elvira. He founded the first Taifa of Granada kingdom and moved the capital from Elvira to Garnata al-Yahud.
The Zirid
was a family from north Africa
whose members became chiefs and kings in many other Islamc regions, such as in Ifriqiya
, present day Tunisia
.
The Taifa of Granada kingdom ended after conquest by the Almoravids in 1091, who took the territory and united it with others in their dynasty.
Taifa
In the history of the Iberian Peninsula, a taifa was an independent Muslim-ruled principality, usually an emirate or petty kingdom, though there was one oligarchy, of which a number formed in the Al-Andalus after the final collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba in 1031.-Rise:The origins of...
of Granada
Granada
Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains, at the confluence of three rivers, the Beiro, the Darro and the Genil. It sits at an elevation of 738 metres above sea...
(Arabic: طائفة غرناطة , Ta'ifa Garnata ) was a Moorish
Moors
The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of the Maghreb region who are predominately of Berber and Arab descent. They came to conquer and rule the Iberian Peninsula for nearly 800 years. At that time they were Muslim, although earlier the people had followed...
kingdom in Al-Andalus
Al-Andalus
Al-Andalus was the Arabic name given to a nation and territorial region also commonly referred to as Moorish Iberia. The name describes parts of the Iberian Peninsula and Septimania governed by Muslims , at various times in the period between 711 and 1492, although the territorial boundaries...
, within the present day Granada Province
Granada (province)
Granada is a province of southern Spain, in the eastern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is bordered by the provinces of Albacete, Murcia, Almería, Jaén, Córdoba, Málaga, and the Mediterranean Sea . Its capital city is also called Granada.The province covers an area of 12,635 km²...
in southern Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
. The kingdom originated in 1013 and lasted until 1091.
Visigoths
"Garnata" or "Garnata al-Yahud" was a settlement next to the town the Christians called "Elvira", after the former IberianIberian language
The Iberian language was the language of a people identified by Greek and Roman sources who lived in the eastern and southeastern regions of the Iberian peninsula. The ancient Iberians can be identified as a rather nebulous local culture between the 7th and 1st century BC...
name "Ilbira".
Moors
It became the capital of the Al-Andalus Caliphate of CórdobaCaliphate of Córdoba
The Caliphate of Córdoba ruled the Iberian peninsula and part of North Africa, from the city of Córdoba, from 929 to 1031. This period was characterized by remarkable success in trade and culture; many of the masterpieces of Islamic Iberia were constructed in this period, including the famous...
province. Civil conflicts that wracked the Caliphate in the early eleventh century led to the destruction of the city in 1010. Zawi ben Ziri, the Zirid
Zirid
The Zirid dynasty were a Sanhadja Berber dynasty, originating in modern Algeria, initially on behalf of the Fatimids, for about two centuries, until weakened by the Banu Hilal and finally destroyed by the Almohads. Their capital was Kairouan...
was chief of one of the armies that took part in the Caliphate civil war that destroyed Medina Azahara
Medina Azahara
Medina Azahara is the ruins of a vast, fortified Arab Muslim medieval palace-city built by Abd-ar-Rahman III al-Nasir, Ummayad Caliph of Córdoba, and located on the western outskirts of Córdoba, Spain. It was an Arab Muslim medieval town and the de-facto capital of al-Andalus, or Muslim Spain, as...
in Córdoba
Córdoba, Spain
-History:The first trace of human presence in the area are remains of a Neanderthal Man, dating to c. 32,000 BC. In the 8th century BC, during the ancient Tartessos period, a pre-urban settlement existed. The population gradually learned copper and silver metallurgy...
, and later destroyed Medina Elvira. He founded the first Taifa of Granada kingdom and moved the capital from Elvira to Garnata al-Yahud.
The Zirid
Zirid
The Zirid dynasty were a Sanhadja Berber dynasty, originating in modern Algeria, initially on behalf of the Fatimids, for about two centuries, until weakened by the Banu Hilal and finally destroyed by the Almohads. Their capital was Kairouan...
was a family from north Africa
North Africa
North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, linked by the Sahara to Sub-Saharan Africa. Geopolitically, the United Nations definition of Northern Africa includes eight countries or territories; Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, South Sudan, Sudan, Tunisia, and...
whose members became chiefs and kings in many other Islamc regions, such as in Ifriqiya
Ifriqiya
In medieval history, Ifriqiya or Ifriqiyah was the area comprising the coastal regions of what are today western Libya, Tunisia, and eastern Algeria. This area included what had been the Roman province of Africa, whose name it inherited....
, present day Tunisia
Tunisia
Tunisia , officially the Tunisian RepublicThe long name of Tunisia in other languages used in the country is: , is the northernmost country in Africa. It is a Maghreb country and is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its area...
.
The Taifa of Granada kingdom ended after conquest by the Almoravids in 1091, who took the territory and united it with others in their dynasty.
Zirid dynasty
- Zawi: 1013-1019/20
- Habbus al-MuzaffarHabbus al-MuzaffarHabbus bin Makhsen al-Muzaffar, of the Zirid dynasty, was ruler of Taifa of Granada from 1025 to 1037.He was the successor to his uncle Zawi ben Ziwi. His first minister was Shmuel ha-Nagid, the renowned Jewish scholar and politician...
: 1019/20-1038 - Badis ben Habus: 1038-1073
- Abdallah ibn BulugginAbdallah ibn BulugginAbdallah ibn Buluggin , also known as Al-Muzaffar, the conqueror, is the grand-son of Badis ibn Habus. He is the last, Zirid, ruler of the Taifa of Granada . The Zirids were of Moroccan, Berber descent....
: 1073-1090- To AlmoravidsAlmoravidsThe Almoravids were a Berber dynasty of Morocco, who formed an empire in the 11th-century that stretched over the western Maghreb and Al-Andalus. Their capital was Marrakesh, a city which they founded in 1062 C.E...
: 1090-1145
- To Almoravids
Huddid dynasty
- Abu Dja'far Ahmad "Zafadola"(also Cord., Jaen): 1145
- To Almohads: 1145-1237
See also
- Emirate of GranadaEmirate of GranadaThe Emirate of Granada , also known as the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada , was an emirate established in 1238 following the defeat of Muhammad an-Nasir of the Almohad dynasty by an alliance of Christian kingdoms at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212...
- Al-AndalusAl-AndalusAl-Andalus was the Arabic name given to a nation and territorial region also commonly referred to as Moorish Iberia. The name describes parts of the Iberian Peninsula and Septimania governed by Muslims , at various times in the period between 711 and 1492, although the territorial boundaries...
- History of Islam
- History of SpainHistory of SpainThe history of Spain involves all the other peoples and nations within the Iberian peninsula formerly known as Hispania, and includes still today the nations of Andorra, Gibraltar, Portugal and Spain...
- List of Sunni Muslim dynasties