St Peter's Church, Kirkbampton
Encyclopedia
St Peter's Church, Kirkbampton, is in the village of Kirkbampton
, Cumbria
, England. It is an active Anglican
parish church
in the deanery of Carlisle, the archdeaconry of Carlisle, and the diocese of Carlisle
. The church contains Norman
architecture and has been designated by English Heritage
as a Grade I listed building.
and calciferous sandstone
. The nave
has a roof of green slate
, while the chancel
is roofed with sandstone slates. At the west end is an open double bellcote. The plan of the church consists of a three bay
nave with a north porch, and a two-bay chancel with a north organ chamber and vestry
. The Norman features are the north doorway, a blocked south doorway, the chancel arch, a lancet window
in the south wall of the chancel and the head of a similar lancet that has been reset in the north wall of the organ chamber. The north doorway has a single order and a tympanum
including a carved figure. The tympanum of the south doorway is decorated with stone of two different colours in three horizontal bands. The chancel arch has zigzag carving and capitals
decorated with scallop
s.
In the nave are 19th-century two-light windows with tracery
, while the east window has three lights. The internal fittings and furnishings date from the 19th century, as do the wooden panelled
ceiling in the nave and the barrel vault
ed roof in the chancel. During one of the 19th-century restorations
, carved and inscribed stones from the nearby Roman
Hadrian's Wall
were incorporated into the fabric of the south wall. The chancel contains a trefoil
-headed piscina
with a recess to its right. The stained glass in the east window is by Morris & Co.
; it dates from 1871, depicts Christ and eight angels with musical instruments but is badly preserved. Another window dating from 1885 is by E. R. Suffling of Edgware Road, London. A further window contains glass by William Wailes
. The two-manual
organ dates from about 1900 and was made by Albert E. Pease of the Phoenix Works, Stoke Newington
.
Kirkbampton
Kirkbampton is a village and a civil parish on the B5307 road in the Allerdale District, in the English county of Cumbria. It is near the city of Carlisle. It has a church called St Peter's Church, and a primary school...
, Cumbria
Cumbria
Cumbria , is a non-metropolitan county in North West England. The county and Cumbria County Council, its local authority, came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. Cumbria's largest settlement and county town is Carlisle. It consists of six districts, and in...
, England. It is an active Anglican
Anglicanism
Anglicanism is a tradition within Christianity comprising churches with historical connections to the Church of England or similar beliefs, worship and church structures. The word Anglican originates in ecclesia anglicana, a medieval Latin phrase dating to at least 1246 that means the English...
parish church
Parish church
A parish church , in Christianity, is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish, the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches....
in the deanery of Carlisle, the archdeaconry of Carlisle, and the diocese of Carlisle
Diocese of Carlisle
The Diocese of Carlisle was created in 1133 by Henry I out of part of the Diocese of Durham, although many people of Celtic descent in the area looked to Glasgow for spiritual leadership. The first bishop was Æthelwold, formerly the king's confessor and now prior of the Augustinian priory at...
. The church contains Norman
Norman architecture
About|Romanesque architecture, primarily English|other buildings in Normandy|Architecture of Normandy.File:Durham Cathedral. Nave by James Valentine c.1890.jpg|thumb|200px|The nave of Durham Cathedral demonstrates the characteristic round arched style, though use of shallow pointed arches above the...
architecture and has been designated by English Heritage
English Heritage
English Heritage . is an executive non-departmental public body of the British Government sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport...
as a Grade I listed building.
History
St Peter's dates from the 12th century. It was restored in 1870–71 and again in 1882.Architecture
The church is built in red sandstoneSandstone
Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized minerals or rock grains.Most sandstone is composed of quartz and/or feldspar because these are the most common minerals in the Earth's crust. Like sand, sandstone may be any colour, but the most common colours are tan, brown, yellow,...
and calciferous sandstone
Calciferous sandstone
Calciferous sandstone is a geological term relating to strata at the base of the Carboniferous formation, below the entire sequence of coal measures...
. The nave
Nave
In Romanesque and Gothic Christian abbey, cathedral basilica and church architecture, the nave is the central approach to the high altar, the main body of the church. "Nave" was probably suggested by the keel shape of its vaulting...
has a roof of green slate
Slate
Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade regional metamorphism. The result is a foliated rock in which the foliation may not correspond to the original sedimentary layering...
, while the chancel
Chancel
In church architecture, the chancel is the space around the altar in the sanctuary at the liturgical east end of a traditional Christian church building...
is roofed with sandstone slates. At the west end is an open double bellcote. The plan of the church consists of a three bay
Bay (architecture)
A bay is a unit of form in architecture. This unit is defined as the zone between the outer edges of an engaged column, pilaster, or post; or within a window frame, doorframe, or vertical 'bas relief' wall form.-Defining elements:...
nave with a north porch, and a two-bay chancel with a north organ chamber and vestry
Vestry
A vestry is a room in or attached to a church or synagogue in which the vestments, vessels, records, etc., are kept , and in which the clergy and choir robe or don their vestments for divine service....
. The Norman features are the north doorway, a blocked south doorway, the chancel arch, a lancet window
Lancet window
A lancet window is a tall narrow window with a pointed arch at its top. It acquired the "lancet" name from its resemblance to a lance. Instances of this architectural motif are most often found in Gothic and ecclesiastical structures, where they are often placed singly or in pairs.The motif first...
in the south wall of the chancel and the head of a similar lancet that has been reset in the north wall of the organ chamber. The north doorway has a single order and a tympanum
Tympanum (architecture)
In architecture, a tympanum is the semi-circular or triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance, bounded by a lintel and arch. It often contains sculpture or other imagery or ornaments. Most architectural styles include this element....
including a carved figure. The tympanum of the south doorway is decorated with stone of two different colours in three horizontal bands. The chancel arch has zigzag carving and capitals
Capital (architecture)
In architecture the capital forms the topmost member of a column . It mediates between the column and the load thrusting down upon it, broadening the area of the column's supporting surface...
decorated with scallop
Scallop
A scallop is a marine bivalve mollusk of the family Pectinidae. Scallops are a cosmopolitan family, found in all of the world's oceans. Many scallops are highly prized as a food source...
s.
In the nave are 19th-century two-light windows with tracery
Tracery
In architecture, Tracery is the stonework elements that support the glass in a Gothic window. The term probably derives from the 'tracing floors' on which the complex patterns of late Gothic windows were laid out.-Plate tracery:...
, while the east window has three lights. The internal fittings and furnishings date from the 19th century, as do the wooden panelled
Panelling
Panelling is a wall covering constructed from rigid or semi-rigid components. These are traditionally interlocking wood, but could be plastic or other materials....
ceiling in the nave and the barrel vault
Barrel vault
A barrel vault, also known as a tunnel vault or a wagon vault, is an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve along a given distance. The curves are typically circular in shape, lending a semi-cylindrical appearance to the total design...
ed roof in the chancel. During one of the 19th-century restorations
Victorian restoration
Victorian restoration is the term commonly used to refer to the widespread and extensive refurbishment and rebuilding of Church of England churches and cathedrals that took place in England and Wales during the 19th-century reign of Queen Victoria...
, carved and inscribed stones from the nearby Roman
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
Hadrian's Wall
Hadrian's Wall
Hadrian's Wall was a defensive fortification in Roman Britain. Begun in AD 122, during the rule of emperor Hadrian, it was the first of two fortifications built across Great Britain, the second being the Antonine Wall, lesser known of the two because its physical remains are less evident today.The...
were incorporated into the fabric of the south wall. The chancel contains a trefoil
Trefoil
Trefoil is a graphic form composed of the outline of three overlapping rings used in architecture and Christian symbolism...
-headed piscina
Piscina
A piscina is a shallow basin placed near the altar of a church, used for washing the communion vessels. The sacrarium is the drain itself. Anglicans usually refer to the basin, calling it a piscina. Roman Catholics usually refer to the drain, and by extension, the basin, as the sacrarium...
with a recess to its right. The stained glass in the east window is by Morris & Co.
Morris & Co.
Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co. and its successor Morris & Co. were furnishings and decorative arts manufacturers and retailers founded by the Pre-Raphaelite artist and designer William Morris...
; it dates from 1871, depicts Christ and eight angels with musical instruments but is badly preserved. Another window dating from 1885 is by E. R. Suffling of Edgware Road, London. A further window contains glass by William Wailes
William Wailes
William Wailes, , was the proprietor of one of England’s largest and most prolific stained glass workshops.- Biographical :Wailes was born and grew up in Newcastle on Tyne, England’s centre of domestic glass and bottle manufacturing. His first business was as a grocer and tea merchant...
. The two-manual
Manual (music)
A manual is a keyboard designed to be played with the hands on a pipe organ, harpsichord, clavichord, electronic organ, or synthesizer. The term "manual" is used with regard to any hand keyboard on these instruments to distinguish it from the pedalboard, which is a keyboard that the organist plays...
organ dates from about 1900 and was made by Albert E. Pease of the Phoenix Works, Stoke Newington
Stoke Newington
Stoke Newington is a district in the London Borough of Hackney. It is north-east of Charing Cross.-Boundaries:In modern terms, Stoke Newington can be roughly defined by the N16 postcode area . Its southern boundary with Dalston is quite ill-defined too...
.