Sigmurethra
Encyclopedia
Sigmurethra is a taxonomic category of air-breathing land snail
s and slug
s, terrestrial
pulmonate gastropod molluscs
. This is an Informal Group which includes the majority of land snails and slug
s.
The two strong synapomorphies of Sigmurethra are a long pedal gland placed beneath a membrane and retractile tentacles.
Several families in this group contain species of snails and slugs that create love dart
s.
Sigmurethra are known from the Cretaceous
to the Recent periods.
In the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005
, Sigmurethra is an "Informal Group", a subsection of the Stylommatophora
.
limacoid clade
Two superfamilies belongs to clade Sigmurethra, but they are not in the limacoid clade.
(Families that are exclusively fossil are indicated with a dagger †)
Land snail
A land snail is any of the many species of snail that live on land, as opposed to those that live in salt water and fresh water. Land snails are terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells, It is not always an easy matter to say which species are terrestrial, because some are more or less...
s and slug
Slug
Slug is a common name that is normally applied to any gastropod mollusc that lacks a shell, has a very reduced shell, or has a small internal shell...
s, terrestrial
Terrestrial animal
Terrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land , as compared with aquatic animals, which live predominantly or entirely in the water , or amphibians, which rely on a combination of aquatic and terrestrial habitats...
pulmonate gastropod molluscs
Mollusca
The Mollusca , common name molluscs or mollusksSpelled mollusks in the USA, see reasons given in Rosenberg's ; for the spelling mollusc see the reasons given by , is a large phylum of invertebrate animals. There are around 85,000 recognized extant species of molluscs. Mollusca is the largest...
. This is an Informal Group which includes the majority of land snails and slug
Slug
Slug is a common name that is normally applied to any gastropod mollusc that lacks a shell, has a very reduced shell, or has a small internal shell...
s.
The two strong synapomorphies of Sigmurethra are a long pedal gland placed beneath a membrane and retractile tentacles.
Several families in this group contain species of snails and slugs that create love dart
Love dart
A love dart is a hard, long, sharp, calcareous or chitinous dart which some hermaphroditic land snails and slugs create. Love darts are made in sexually mature animals only, and are used as part of the sequence of events during courtship, before actual mating takes place...
s.
Sigmurethra are known from the Cretaceous
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous , derived from the Latin "creta" , usually abbreviated K for its German translation Kreide , is a geologic period and system from circa to million years ago. In the geologic timescale, the Cretaceous follows the Jurassic period and is followed by the Paleogene period of the...
to the Recent periods.
In the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005
Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is currently the most up-to-date overall system for classifying gastropod mollusks...
, Sigmurethra is an "Informal Group", a subsection of the Stylommatophora
Stylommatophora
Stylommatophora is a taxon of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This taxon is currently considered to be a clade. It was previously regarded as an infraorder...
.
Taxonomy
- Superfamily ClausilioideaClausilioideaThe Clausilioidea are a superfamily of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra.This classification was based on different studies dealing with the Clausiliidae, published by H...
- Family ClausiliidaeClausiliidaeClausiliidae, common name door snails, are a taxonomic family of small, very elongate, mostly left-handed, air-breathing land snails, sinistral terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks....
- † Family AnadromidaeAnadromidaeAnadromidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Eupulmonata .- Taxonomy :...
- † Family FilholiidaeFilholiidae†Filholiidae is an extinct family of fossil air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Clausilioidea .-Genera :...
- † Family PalaeostoidaePalaeostoidaePalaeostoidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Eupulmonata .- Taxonomy :...
- Family Clausiliidae
- Superfamily OrthalicoideaOrthalicoideaThe Orthalicoidea are a superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra.- 2005 taxonomy :...
- Family OrthalicidaeOrthalicidaeOrthalicidae are a family of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks are classified in the informal group Sigmurethra of the clade Stylommatophora...
- Family CerionidaeCerionidaeCerionidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Urocoptoidea.- 2008 taxonomy :...
- Family CoelociontidaeCoelociontidaeCoelociontidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata .This family has no subfamilies.-Genera:...
- † Family GrangerellidaeGrangerellidae†Grangerellidae is an extinct family of gastropods in the clade Eupulmonata .-Genera :Genera within the family Grangerellidae include:* Grangerella, the type genus...
- Family MegaspiridaeMegaspiridaeMegaspiridae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Orthalicoidea .- Subfamilies :...
- Family PlacostylidaePlacostylidaePlacostylidae is a family of land snails, gastropods in the superfamily Orthalicoidea.- Taxonomy :The Placostylidae family is classified within the informal group Sigmurethra, itself belonging to the clade Stylommatophora within the clade Eupulmonata .This family has no subfamilies Placostylidae is...
- Family UrocoptidaeUrocoptidaeUrocoptidae is a family of land snails, gastropods in the superfamily Urocoptoidea.- 2005 taxonomy :The Urocoptidae family has been classified in the superfamily Orthalicoidea within the informal group Sigmurethra, itself belonging to the clade Stylommatophora within the clade Eupulmonata .The...
- Family Orthalicidae
- Superfamily AchatinoideaAchatinoideaThe Achatinoidea are a superfamily of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra.-Taxonomy:...
- Family AchatinidaeAchatinidaeAchatinidae is a family of medium to large sized tropical land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks from Africa...
- Family FerussaciidaeFerussaciidaeFerussaciidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Achatinoidea.This family has no subfamilies...
- Family MicractaeonidaeMicractaeonidaeMicractaeon koptawelilensis is a species of land snail, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Achatinoidea ....
- Family SubulinidaeSubulinidaeSubulinidae is a family of small tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Achatinoidea.- Anatomy :...
- Family Achatinidae
- Superfamily Aillyoidea
- Family AillyidaeAillyidaeAillyidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra.Aillyidae is the only family in the superfamily Aillyoidea....
- Family Aillyidae
- Superfamily TestacelloideaTestacelloideaThe Testacelloidea are a superfamily of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra.-Taxonomy:The families within the Testacelloidea are as follows:*Family Testacellidae Gray, 1840...
- Family Testacellidae
- Family OleacinidaeOleacinidaeOleacinidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata .-Anatomy:...
- Family SpiraxidaeSpiraxidaeSpiraxidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropods in the clade Eupulmonata .- 2005 taxonomy :...
- Superfamily Papillodermatoidea
- Family Papillodermatidae
- Superfamily StreptaxoideaStreptaxoideaStreptaxoidea is a superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the Stylommatophora.- 2005 taxonomy :...
- Family StreptaxidaeStreptaxidaeStreptaxidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in theStylommatophora. Six Streptaxidae subfamilies are accepted in the 2005 taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi....
- DiapheridaeDiapheridaeStreptaxidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Streptaxoidea.Sutcharit et al. established the new family Diapheridae within the superfamily Streptaxoidea in 2010.- Genera:...
- Sutcharit et al. (2010) have established a new family Diapheridae within Streptaxoidea in 2010.
- Family Streptaxidae
- Superfamily Rhytidoidea
- Family RhytididaeRhytididaeRhytididae is a taxonomic family of medium-sized predatory air-breathing land snails, carnivorous terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Rhytidoidea.This family has no subfamilies.-Anatomy:...
- Family ChlamydephoridaeChlamydephoridaeChlamydephoridae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata .These snails are presumed to be true carnivores...
- Family HaplotrematidaeHaplotrematidaeHaplotrematidae is a taxonomic family of predatory air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Rhytidoidea.-Distribution:These are North American land snails...
- Family ScolodontidaeScolodontidaeScolodontidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonategastropod mollusks in the superfamily Rhytidoidea .-Taxonomy:...
- Family Rhytididae
- Superfamily AcavoideaAcavoideaThe Acavoidea are a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra.This taxonomy was based on the study by Nordsieck, published in 1986...
- Family AcavidaeAcavidaeAcavidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Acavoidea .- Anatomy :...
- Family CaryodidaeCaryodidaeCaryodidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Acavoidea .This family is endemic to eastern Australia....
- Family DorcasiidaeDorcasiidaeDorcasiidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Acavoidea .The family Dorcasiidae has no subfamilies.-Genera:...
- Family MacrocyclidaeMacrocyclidaeMacrocyclidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Acavoidea .-Genera :The family Macrocyclidae has no subfamilies....
- Family MegomphicidaeMegomphicidaeMegomphicidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Acavoidea .-Genera:...
- Family StrophocheilidaeStrophocheilidaeStrophocheilidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Acavoidea .- Subfamilies and genera :...
- Family Acavidae
- Superfamily PunctoideaPunctoideaPunctoidea is a superfamily of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra....
- Family PunctidaePunctidaePunctidae, common name the "dot snails", is a family of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra ....
- † Family AnastomopsidaeAnastomopsidae†Anastomopsidae is an extinct family of fossil gastropods in the superfamily Punctoidea .- Genera :The family Anastomopsidae has no subfamilies....
- Family CharopidaeCharopidaeCharopidae is a taxonomic family of small air-breathing land snails , terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Punctoidea .- Subfamilies and genera :The family Charopidae consists of the following subfamilies:* Charopinae Hutton, 1884 - synonyms:...
- Family CystopeltidaeCystopeltidaeCystopeltidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Punctoidea .-Genera and species :...
- Family DiscidaeDiscidaeDiscidae is a taxonomic family of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Punctoidea.-Genera:The family Discidae has no subfamilies...
- Family EndodontidaeEndodontidaeEndodontidae is a taxonomic family of very small air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Punctoidea....
- Family HelicodiscidaeHelicodiscidaeHelicodiscidae is a family of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrialpulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Punctoidea .- Genera :...
- Family OreohelicidaeOreohelicidaeOreohelicidae is a family of small to medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Punctoidea .-Anatomy:...
- Family ThyrophorellidaeThyrophorellidaeThyrophorellidae is a family of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Punctoidea .- Genera :...
- Family Punctidae
- Superfamily Sagdoidea
- Family SagdidaeSagdidaeSagdidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks with highest diversity in the Greater Antilles. It has been classified in its own superfamily Sagdoidea and as a member of the superfamily Helicoidea...
- Family Sagdidae
limacoid cladeLimacoid cladeThe limacoid clade is a taxonomic clade of air-breathing land snails, semislugs and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the informal group Sigmurethra.- Distribution :...
- Superfamily Staffordioidea
- Family StaffordiidaeStaffordiidaeStaffordiidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Staffordioidea ....
- Family Staffordiidae
- Superfamily Dyakioidea
- Family DyakiidaeDyakiidaeDyakiidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Dyakioidea ....
- Family Dyakiidae
- Superfamily GastrodontoideaGastrodontoideaGastrodontoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the limacoid clade.- Taxonomy:According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda , families in this superfamily include:...
- Family GastrodontidaeGastrodontidaeGastrodontidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata ....
- Family ChronidaeChronidaeChronidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Gastrodontoidea within the clade Eupulmonata .- Distribution :...
- Family EuconulidaeEuconulidaeEuconulidae is a taxonomic family of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks. This land snail family is closely allied to the Zonitidae, the glass snails.- Distribution :...
- Family OxychilidaeOxychilidaeOxychilidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Gastrodontoidea.- Distribution :...
- Family PristilomatidaePristilomatidaePristilomatidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Gastrodontoidea.According to the 2005 taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi these snails belong to the "limacoid clade", and Vitreinae is a synonym for Pristilomatidae,...
- Family TrochomorphidaeTrochomorphidaeTrochomorphidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata ....
- Fossil taxa probably belonging to the GastrodontoideaGastrodontoideaGastrodontoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the limacoid clade.- Taxonomy:According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda , families in this superfamily include:...
- Subfamily † Archaeozonitinae
- Subfamily † Grandipatulinae
- Subfamily † Palaeoxestininae
- Family Gastrodontidae
- Superfamily ParmacelloideaParmacelloideaParmacelloidea is a superfamily of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Stylommatophora and the informal group Pulmonata...
- Family ParmacellidaeParmacellidaeParmacellidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks within the superfamily Parmacelloidea ....
- Family MilacidaeMilacidaeMilacidae is a family of air-breathing, keeled, land slugs. These are shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Parmacelloidea.This family has no subfamilies ....
- Family Trigonochlamydidae
- Family Parmacellidae
- Superfamily Zonitoidea
- Family ZonitidaeZonitidaeZonitidae, common name the true glass snails, are a family of mostly rather small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Zonitoidea....
- Family Zonitidae
- Superfamily HelicarionoideaHelicarionoideaHelicarionoidea is a superfamily of air-breathing land snails and semi-slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the limacoid clade.-Families:There are three families within the superfamily Helicarionoidea:* Helicarionidae* Ariophantidae...
- Family HelicarionidaeHelicarionidaeHelicarionidae is a family of air-breathing land snails or semi-slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicarionoidea.- Distribution :...
- Family AriophantidaeAriophantidaeAriophantidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails and semi-slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicarionoidea .- Distribution :...
- Family UrocyclidaeUrocyclidaeUrocyclidae is a family of air-breathing land snails and semi-slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicarionoidea, ....
- Family Helicarionidae
- Superfamily LimacoideaLimacoideaLimacoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of medium-sized to large, air-breathing land slugs and snails. They are terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the infraorder Stylommatophora ....
- Family LimacidaeLimacidaeLimacidae, common name the keelback slugs, are a taxonomic family of medium-sized to very large, air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Limacoidea.- Distribution :...
- Family AgriolimacidaeAgriolimacidaeAgriolimacidae is a family of small and medium sized land slugs, or shell-less snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.- Distribution :Distribution of Limacidae is Holarctic, this include: Nearctic, western Palearctic and eastern Palearctic....
- Family Boettgerillidae
- Family VitrinidaeVitrinidaeVitrinidae is a family of small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Limacoidea ....
- Family Limacidae
Two superfamilies belongs to clade Sigmurethra, but they are not in the limacoid clade.
- Superfamily ArionoideaArionoideaArionoidea is a taxonomic group, a superfamily of air-breathing land slugs, shell-less terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.- Families :Families within the superfamily Arionoidea include:* Arionidae* Anadenidae* Ariolimacidae* Binneyidae...
- Family ArionidaeArionidaeArionidae, common name the "roundback slugs" or "round back slugs" are a taxonomic family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Arionoidea.- Distribution :...
- Family AnadenidaeAnadenidaeAnadenidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Arionidae ....
- Family AriolimacidaeAriolimacidaeAriolimacidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Arionoidea .- Subfamilies and genera:...
- Family BinneyidaeBinneyidaeBinneyidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Arionoidea .- Genera :The family Binneyidae has no subfamilies....
- Family OopeltidaeOopeltidaeOopeltidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Arionoidea .- Subfamilies and genera :...
- Family PhilomycidaePhilomycidaePhilomycidae are a family of air-breathing land slugs . They are terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Arionoidea ....
- Family Arionidae
- Superfamily HelicoideaHelicoideaHelicoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Stylommatophora.-Families:There are 19 families within the superfamily Helicoidea according to Bouchet & Rocroi .* Helicidae...
- Family HelicidaeHelicidaeThe Helicidae, sometimes known as the typical snails, are a taxonomic family of small to large, air-breathing, land snails. In other words, they are terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks....
- Family BradybaenidaeBradybaenidaeBradybaenidae is a taxonomic family of medium-sized to small land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea....
- Family CamaenidaeCamaenidaeCamaenidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.This is one of the most diverse families in the clade Stylommatophora....
- Family CepolidaeCepolidae (gastropods)Cepolidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea .-Anatomy:...
- Family CochlicellidaeCochlicellidaeCochlicellidae is a family of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea ....
- Family ElonidaeElonidaeElonidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropods mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.This family is within the clade Eupulmonata ....
- Family EpiphragmophoridaeEpiphragmophoridaeEpiphragmophoridae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea . This family has no subfamilies.-Anatomy:...
- Family HalolimnohelicidaeHalolimnohelicidaeHalolimnohelicidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea . This family has no subfamilies.-Genera :...
- Family HelicodontidaeHelicodontidaeHelicodontidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata .- Taxonomy :...
- Family HelminthoglyptidaeHelminthoglyptidaeThe Helminthoglyptidae are a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.This is a large and diverse group of new world snails, ranging in distribution from Alaska through North America to the West Indies, Central America, and as far...
- Family HumboldtianidaeHumboldtianidaeHumboldtianidae is an American family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea .-Anatomy:...
- Family HygromiidaeHygromiidaeHygromiidae is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.-Anatomy:...
- Family MonadeniidaeMonadeniidaeMonadeniidae is a taxonomic family of small to medium sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea . This family has no subfamilies.-Anatomy:This family is defined by an absent diverticulum...
- Family PleurodontidaePleurodontidaePleurodontidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.This family is classified within the clade Stylommatophora within the clade Eupulmonata...
- Family PolygyridaePolygyridaePolygyridae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.The Polygyridae make up a significant proportion of the land snail fauna of eastern North America, and are also found in western North America, northern Central America, and...
- Family SphincterochilidaeSphincterochilidaeSphincterochilidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea ....
- Family ThysanophoridaeThysanophoridaeThysanophoridae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea .These are common woodland snails of North America...
- Family TrissexodontidaeTrissexodontidaeTrissexodontidae is a family of land snails, gastropods in the superfamily Helicoidea .This family has no subfamilies...
- Family XanthonychidaeXanthonychidaeXanthonychidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea.This family is within the clade Eupulmonata ....
- Family Helicidae
(Families that are exclusively fossil are indicated with a dagger †)