Saltburn-by-the-Sea
Encyclopedia
Saltburn-by-the-Sea is a seaside resort
Seaside resort
A seaside resort is a resort, or resort town, located on the coast. Where a beach is the primary focus for tourists, it may be called a beach resort.- Overview :...

 in the unitary authority
Unitary authority
A unitary authority is a type of local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all local government functions within its area or performs additional functions which elsewhere in the relevant country are usually performed by national government or a higher level of sub-national...

 of Redcar and Cleveland
Redcar and Cleveland
The borough of Redcar & Cleveland is a unitary authority in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England consisting of Redcar, Saltburn-by-the-Sea, Guisborough, and small towns such as Brotton, Eston, Skelton and Loftus. It had a resident population of 139,132 in 2001, and is part of the Tees...

 and the ceremonial county
Ceremonial counties of England
The ceremonial counties are areas of England to which are appointed a Lord Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as counties and areas for the purposes of the Lieutenancies Act 1997 with reference to the metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England and Lieutenancies Act 1997...

 of North Yorkshire
North Yorkshire
North Yorkshire is a non-metropolitan or shire county located in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, and a ceremonial county primarily in that region but partly in North East England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 it covers an area of , making it the largest...

, England. The town is around 12 miles (19.3 km) east of Middlesbrough
Middlesbrough
Middlesbrough is a large town situated on the south bank of the River Tees in north east England, that sits within the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire...

, and had a population of 5,912 at the 2001 Census
United Kingdom Census 2001
A nationwide census, known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday, 29 April 2001. This was the 20th UK Census and recorded a resident population of 58,789,194....

.

Old Saltburn

Old Saltburn is the original settlement, located in the seaside area of Saltburn Gill. Records are scarce on its origins, but it was centre of local sea smugglers, with Landlord John Andrew referred to as the "King of smugglers."

In the mid 18th century, the authors Laurence Sterne
Laurence Sterne
Laurence Sterne was an Irish novelist and an Anglican clergyman. He is best known for his novels The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, and A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy; but he also published many sermons, wrote memoirs, and was involved in local politics...

 and John Hall-Stevenson
John Hall-Stevenson
John Hall-Stevenson , in his youth known as John Hall, was an English country gentleman and writer.He is memorialised as 'Eugenius' in Laurence Sterne's novels Tristram Shandy and A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy.-Life:...

 enjoyed racing chariots on the sands at Saltburn. In 1856, the hamlet consisted of the Ship Inn and a row of houses, containing mainly farmers and fisherman.

Iron stone

The development of both Middlesbrough and Saltburn was driven by the discovery of iron stone in the Cleveland Hills
Cleveland Hills
The Cleveland Hills are a range of hills on the north-west edge of the North York Moors in North Yorkshire, England, overlooking Cleveland and Teesside. They lie entirely within the boundaries of the North York Moors National Park. Part of the long Cleveland Way National Trail runs along the...

, the monies of the Pease family of Darlington
Pease family (Darlington)
The Pease family was a prominent English and mostly Quaker family associated with Darlington and County Durham and descended from Joseph Pease of Darlington, son of Edward Pease . They were 'one of the great Quaker industrialist families of the nineteenth century, who played a leading role in...

, and the development of two railways to extract the minerals.

The Pease family had developed Middlesbrough as an industrial centre, and after discovery of iron stone, the Stockton & Darlington Railway and the West Hartlepool Harbour and Railway Company both developed routes into East Cleveland. By 1861, the S&DR reached Saltburn with the intention of continuing onto Brotton
Brotton
Brotton is a village in the parish of Skelton and Brotton, in the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland and ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It is approximately 2.5 miles southeast of Saltburn-by-the-Sea, 16.7 miles east of Middlesbrough and 16.6 miles northwest of Whitby...

, Skinningrove
Skinningrove
Skinningrove is a village in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England.This name is Viking influenced and is thought to mean Skinners grove or pit...

 and Loftus
Loftus, North Yorkshire
Loftus is a town and civil parish in the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It lies in a region between Saltburn-by-the-Sea and the North York Moors...

. But the WHH&RCo had already developed tracks into the area, leaving little point in the extending the S&DR tracks further.

Development

In 1858, while walking along the coast path towards Old Saltburn to visit his brother Joseph in Marske, Henry Pease
Henry Pease (MP)
Henry Pease was a railway owner, peace campaigner and a Liberal politician who represented Durham South.Pease, a member of the Quaker Pease family of Darlington, was the fifth son of Edward Pease. He was a director of the Stockton and Darlington Railway and was responsible for the foundation of...

 saw "a prophetic vision of a town arising on the cliff and the quiet, unfrequented and sheltered glen turned into a lovely garden". The Pease family owned Middlesbrough estate and had control of the S&DR, so agreed to develop Henry's vision by forming the Saltburn Improvement Company (SIC).

Land was purchased from the Earl of Zetland, and the company commissioned surveyor George Dickinson to layout what became an interpretation of a gridiron street layout, detracted from by the fact that the railway ran through the middle of the site. With as many houses as possible having sea views, the layout was added to by the so-called "jewel streets" along the seafront (Coral, Garnet, Ruby, Emerald, Pearl, Diamond and Amber Streets), said to be a legacy of Henry's vision.

After securing the best positions for development by the SIC, monies were brought in for these constructions by selling other plots to private developers and investors. Most buildings are constructed using the "Pease brick," transported by the S&DR, with the name "Pease" set into the brick. The jewel in Henry Pease's crown is said to have been The Zetland Hotel
Zetland Hotel
The Zetland Hotel is located on the north east coast of England at Saltburn by the Sea, North Yorkshire. It was designed by William Peachey, architect to the Stockton & Darlington Railway...

, one of the world's earliest purpose-built railway hotels, with its own private platform.

The parcel of land known as Clifton Villas was sold by S.I.C. (Saltburn Improvement Company) in 1865 to a William Morley from London who built the modern day property, but one of the stipulations (deed of covenant) placed on the land was that "any trees planted along Britannia Terrace (now Marine parade) were not to exceed 1'6" above the footpath". This was to preserve the view, that gave Henry Pease the vision to form Saltburn, for future generations. However, it was noted Henry owned a property on Britannia Terrace.

Post 1881

After Henry died in 1881, SIC was sold to the owner of the Middlesbrough estate in 1883, and the development of Saltburn became the responsibility of the local council.

The Pease family had built a residence at the junction of Marine Parade and Milton Street, and lived there until Sir Joseph W Pease died in 1903. The house was later sold to the Working Men's Club
Working men's club
Working men's clubs are a type of private social club founded in the 19th century in industrial areas of the United Kingdom, particularly the North of England, the Midlands and many parts of the South Wales Valleys, to provide recreation and education for working class men and their families.-...

 and Institute Union ("the CIU"), which converted it into a convalescent home for club members, one of several around the country. Its "residents" usually came, from all the major working-class areas of the UK, for subsidised two-week breaks. They were easy to recognise from the yellow button badges they were issued by the "Superintendent" on arrival. The Milton Street Club, located right next door to their home-from-home, was understandably very popular among the Clubmen.

Tourism, leisure and amenities


Saltburn's attractions include a Grade II* renovated pier
Saltburn Pier
Saltburn Pier is a pier located in Saltburn-by-the-Sea, Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It is the last pier remaining in Yorkshire.-Background:...

, plenty of Victorian buildings
Victorian architecture
The term Victorian architecture refers collectively to several architectural styles employed predominantly during the middle and late 19th century. The period that it indicates may slightly overlap the actual reign, 20 June 1837 – 22 January 1901, of Queen Victoria. This represents the British and...

, the Valley Gardens, accessible via a forest walk and on the shore, a smugglers' museum. Saltburn is also on the Cleveland Way
Cleveland Way
The Cleveland Way is a National Trail in ancient Cleveland in Northern England. It runs 110 miles from Helmsley to Filey, skirting the North York Moors National Park.-History:The trail was opened in 1969...

. The coastline is popular with surfers
Surfing
Surfing' is a surface water sport in which the surfer rides a surfboard on the crest and face of a wave which is carrying the surfer towards the shore...

 and national surfing events are held during the autumn and winter months, attracting competitors from all corners of England, Scotland and Wales.

Annual events include Saltburn Victorian Celebrations (once known as Victorian Week), the Saltburn Swashbuckle (a beach event for children based on a piratical theme), the Saltburn Custom Classic Car Show (a lower prom display of mostly American cars) and the annual Folk festival. Saltburn has been host to a number of beach parties organised by local dance music lovers. There is also a thriving local theatre, The 53 Society, and a public library.

Funicular railway

The Saltburn Cliff Lift
Saltburn Cliff Lift
The Saltburn Cliff Lift is a funicular railway located in Saltburn-by-the-Sea, Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England...

 is one of the world's oldest water-powered cliff lift
Funicular
A funicular, also known as an inclined plane or cliff railway, is a cable railway in which a cable attached to a pair of tram-like vehicles on rails moves them up and down a steep slope; the ascending and descending vehicles counterbalance each other.-Operation:The basic principle of funicular...

s (the oldest being the Bom Jesus funicular
Bom Jesus funicular
The Bom Jesus funicular is a funicular located in Bom Jesus do Monte, city of Braga, Portugal.The funicular was built in 1882 by Niklaus Riggenbach and is the oldest in the Iberian Peninsula....

 in Braga
Braga
Braga , a city in the Braga Municipality in northwestern Portugal, is the capital of the Braga District, the oldest archdiocese and the third major city of the country. Braga is the oldest Portuguese city and one of the oldest Christian cities in the World...

, Portugal
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...

). After the opening of Saltburn Pier
Saltburn Pier
Saltburn Pier is a pier located in Saltburn-by-the-Sea, Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It is the last pier remaining in Yorkshire.-Background:...

 in 1869, it was concluded that the steep cliff walk was deterring people from walking from the town to the pier. After the company was taken over by Middlesbrough Estates in 1883, they discovered that the wooden Cliff Hoist
Saltburn Cliff Lift
The Saltburn Cliff Lift is a funicular railway located in Saltburn-by-the-Sea, Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England...

 had a number of rotten supports. The Saltburn tramway, as it is also known, was developed by Sir Richard Tangye's
Richard Tangye
Sir Richard Trevithick Tangye was a British manufacturer of engines and other heavy equipment.-Biography:...

 company, whose chief engineer was George Croydon Marks. The cliff tramway opened a year later and provided transport between the pier and the town. The railway is water-balanced and since 1924 the water pump has been electrically operated. The first major maintenance was carried out in 1998, when the main winding wheel was replaced and a new braking system installed.

Public houses

As a town founded and dominated by Quakers, Saltburn originally had no public houses. Alcohol was served in the local hotels and the bars attached to them. The public houses on the lower promenade were part of Old Saltburn. In addition to The Ship Inn there was The Pelican and others. Vista Mar was first opened as tea rooms and later a fish and chip cafe.

Today the following public houses exist in Saltburn: Alexandra Vaults ("Back Alex"),The Victoria, Marine, Ship Inn, The Spa, Vista Mar (formerly Bankside, previously Rosie O'Grady's) and Windsors (formerly Queens). There are also several members' clubs: Conservative Club, Lune Street CIU, Royal British Legion, Masonic Lodge, Saltburn Golf Club, Saltburn Cricket Tennis and Bowls Club, and Swingdoors.

Education

Saltburn's only secondary school
Secondary school
Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational institution where the final stage of schooling, known as secondary education and usually compulsory up to a specified age, takes place...

 is Huntcliff School
Huntcliff School
Huntcliff School is a secondary school which has specialist school status as a Humanities College. It is located in Saltburn-by-the-Sea, a town in the north-east of England famous for its Victorian buildings. the school had 519 pupils....

 which was rebuilt during 2007-8, re-opening on 8 September 2008. The redundant 50 year old school buildings were then demolished to allow the town's Junior and Infant schools to relocate to the same site in 2009.

Landmarks

The coastline at Saltburn lies practically east-west, and along much of it runs Marine Parade. To the north east of the town is the imposing Hunt Cliff, topped by Warsett Hill at 166 metres (544.6 ft). Skelton Beck runs through the wooded Valley Gardens in Saltburn, then alongside Saltburn Miniature Railway
Saltburn Miniature Railway
The Saltburn Miniature Railway is a gauge railway at Saltburn, in Redcar and Cleveland, England.-History:The railway opened in 1947 as a tourist attraction. It was originally a simple out-and-back line with a station at each end. During 1953 the line was adapted to allow the simultaneous operation...

 before being joined by Saltburn Gill
Saltburn Gill
Saltburn Gill is a 18.9 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Redcar and Cleveland district, in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England notified in 1986.-Source:* -External links:* *...

 and entering the North Sea
North Sea
In the southwest, beyond the Straits of Dover, the North Sea becomes the English Channel connecting to the Atlantic Ocean. In the east, it connects to the Baltic Sea via the Skagerrak and Kattegat, narrow straits that separate Denmark from Norway and Sweden respectively...

.

Teddy's Nook (The Cottage)

"Teddy's Nook" is a house built in 1862 by Henry Pease (MP)
Henry Pease (MP)
Henry Pease was a railway owner, peace campaigner and a Liberal politician who represented Durham South.Pease, a member of the Quaker Pease family of Darlington, was the fifth son of Edward Pease. He was a director of the Stockton and Darlington Railway and was responsible for the foundation of...

 a director of the Stockton and Darlington Railway
Stockton and Darlington Railway
The Stockton and Darlington Railway , which opened in 1825, was the world's first publicly subscribed passenger railway. It was 26 miles long, and was built in north-eastern England between Witton Park and Stockton-on-Tees via Darlington, and connected to several collieries near Shildon...

, for his own occupation. Pease was responsible for the foundation of the seaside resort and the sturdy sandstone
Sandstone
Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized minerals or rock grains.Most sandstone is composed of quartz and/or feldspar because these are the most common minerals in the Earth's crust. Like sand, sandstone may be any colour, but the most common colours are tan, brown, yellow,...

 house was first named "The Cottage." The following stories, whether fact or fiction is debatable, all relate to this house.
  • When Saltburn Bank was only a track, two eccentric ladies who lived in the house allegedly kept a lion for a pet. They are said to have exercised it on the beach daily and it is said to be buried somewhere in the garden.
  • Mrs Lillie Langtry
    Lillie Langtry
    Lillie Langtry , usually spelled Lily Langtry when she was in the U.S., born Emilie Charlotte Le Breton, was a British actress born on the island of Jersey...

     (the Jersey Lily) stayed at the house at sometime between 1877 and 1880. She was often visited by Edward Prince of Wales
    Prince of Wales
    Prince of Wales is a title traditionally granted to the heir apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the 15 other independent Commonwealth realms...

     (late Edward VII of the United Kingdom
    Edward VII of the United Kingdom
    Edward VII was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910...

    ) who had a suite of rooms at the Zetland Hotel
    Zetland Hotel
    The Zetland Hotel is located on the north east coast of England at Saltburn by the Sea, North Yorkshire. It was designed by William Peachey, architect to the Stockton & Darlington Railway...

    . The cottage, consequently, became known as Teddy's Nook.
  • In wartime German spies are thought to have contacted ships out at sea by means of flashing lights from Teddy's Nook.
  • The Kelly family, who leased the house in later years, were cousins of Jimmy Savile
    Jimmy Savile
    Sir James Wilson Vincent Savile, OBE, KCSG was an English disc jockey, television presenter and media personality, best known for his BBC television show Jim'll Fix It, and for being the first and last presenter of the long-running BBC music chart show Top of the Pops...

     who visited regularly.


"The Cottage" was the only one built of what were intended to be one of four similar houses to be called "Clifton Villas". It was the family home of Audrey Collins MBE, who served as Mayor of Saltburn and chair of the South Tees Health Authority. Middlesbrough’s James Cook University Hospital has named a teaching unit in her honour.

Transport

The railway station
Saltburn railway station
Saltburn Railway Station serves the town of Saltburn-by-the-Sea in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It is the terminus of the Tees Valley Line and is operated by Northern Rail who provide all passenger train services...

 is at the end of the line
Tees Valley Line
The Tees Valley Line is a name for the railway route between Bishop Auckland and Saltburn via Darlington and Middlesbrough. Also operated on the line are services from Newcastle-upon-Tyne to Middlesbrough and Saltburn via Darlington....

 from Middlesbrough and Darlington
Darlington
Darlington is a market town in the Borough of Darlington, part of the ceremonial county of County Durham, England. It lies on the small River Skerne, a tributary of the River Tees, not far from the main river. It is the main population centre in the borough, with a population of 97,838 as of 2001...

. The Redcar
Redcar
Redcar is a seaside resort in the north east of England, and a major town in the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire. It lies east-northeast of Middlesbrough by the North Sea coast...

 to Saltburn Railway, opened in 1861, was an extension of the Middlesbrough to Redcar Railway of 1846. A freight line continues to the potash
Potash
Potash is the common name for various mined and manufactured salts that contain potassium in water-soluble form. In some rare cases, potash can be formed with traces of organic materials such as plant remains, and this was the major historical source for it before the industrial era...

 mine at nearby Boulby. This line used to continue to Whitby
Whitby
Whitby is a seaside town, port and civil parish in the Scarborough borough of North Yorkshire, England. Situated on the east coast of Yorkshire at the mouth of the River Esk, Whitby has a combined maritime, mineral and tourist heritage, and is home to the ruins of Whitby Abbey where Caedmon, the...

 as part of the Whitby Redcar and Middlesbrough Union Railway
Whitby Redcar and Middlesbrough Union Railway
The Whitby, Redcar and Middlesbrough Union Railway was a short lived railway line, running along the northeast coast of England from the River Tees at Middlesbrough to the Esk at Whitby, where it met the Scarborough & Whitby Railway line and the Whitby and Pickering Railway...

.

Sport

Sports played in Saltburn include cricket, bowls and tennis played at the Club in Marske Mill Lane. The Club has been in existence for over 100 years and is nearly as old as the town itself. New facilities were provided in 2002 with financial help from the Lottery.

The North Riding Duck Race is held each year on 1 August to celebrate Yorkshire Day
Yorkshire Day
Yorkshire Day is celebrated on 1 August to promote the historic English county of Yorkshire. It was celebrated in 1975, by the Yorkshire Ridings Society, initially in Beverley, as "protest movement against the Local Government re-organisation of 1974", The date alludes to the Battle of Minden, and...

. The winner receives the Colin Holt Cup, named in honour of the late Colin Holt, for many years the Chairman of the Yorkshire Ridings Society
Yorkshire Ridings Society
The Yorkshire Ridings Society is a group affiliated to the Association of British Counties calling for the wider recognition of the historic borders of Yorkshire, and its traditional subdivisions, the North, East and West Ridings.-History:...

. A prize is given also for the duck with the most original name.

Notable people

Malcolm Campbell
Malcolm Campbell
Sir Malcolm Campbell was an English racing motorist and motoring journalist. He gained the world speed record on land and on water at various times during the 1920s and 1930s using vehicles called Blue Bird...

 set his first record (138.08 mph-unofficial) while driving Blue Bird on Saltburn Sands on 17 June 1922.

David Coverdale
David Coverdale
David 'Jack' Coverdale is an English rock singer, most famous for his work with the his own hard rock band Whitesnake which achieved massive commercial success.-Early life:...

, lead vocalist for Deep Purple
Deep Purple
Deep Purple are an English rock band formed in Hertford in 1968. Along with Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath, they are considered to be among the pioneers of heavy metal and modern hard rock, although some band members believe that their music cannot be categorised as belonging to any one genre...

 and Whitesnake
Whitesnake
Whitesnake are an English rock band, founded in 1978 by David Coverdale after his departure from his previous band, Deep Purple. The band's early material has been compared by critics to Deep Purple, but by the mid 1980s they had moved to a more commercial hard rock style...

, was born here and grew up in the Red Lodge on Marine Parade, now known as Red Gables.

George Hardwick
George Hardwick
George Hardwick was an English football player and coach. During his time as an active player, he played left defender for Middlesbrough...

 the footballer
and Tony Mowbray
Tony Mowbray
Anthony Mark "Tony" Mowbray is an English former professional football player, who is currently the manager of Middlesbrough...

 the Middlesbrough manager (ex-Middlesbrough, Celtic and Ipswich footballer, ex Celtic, West Bromwich Albion and Hibernian
Hibernian F.C.
Hibernian Football Club are a Scottish professional football club based in Leith, in the north of Edinburgh. They are one of two Scottish Premier League clubs in the city, the other being their Edinburgh derby rivals, Hearts...

 manager) were born in Saltburn
as was the astronaut
Astronaut
An astronaut or cosmonaut is a person trained by a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft....

 Nicholas Patrick
Nicholas Patrick
Nicholas James MacDonald Patrick, Ph.D., is a British-born engineer and a NASA astronaut. His flight on the 2006 Discovery STS-116 mission made him the fifth Briton to go into space....


For a full list, see People from Saltburn-by-the-Sea

See also

  • Cleveland Way
    Cleveland Way
    The Cleveland Way is a National Trail in ancient Cleveland in Northern England. It runs 110 miles from Helmsley to Filey, skirting the North York Moors National Park.-History:The trail was opened in 1969...

  • Saltburn Gill
    Saltburn Gill
    Saltburn Gill is a 18.9 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Redcar and Cleveland district, in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England notified in 1986.-Source:* -External links:* *...

  • Saltburn, Marske and New Marske
    Saltburn, Marske and New Marske
    Saltburn, Marske and New Marske is a civil parish in Redcar and Cleveland in North East England. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 18,325. The parish includes Saltburn-by-the-Sea, Marske-by-the-Sea and the inland settlement of New Marske...

  • Saltburn Miniature Railway
    Saltburn Miniature Railway
    The Saltburn Miniature Railway is a gauge railway at Saltburn, in Redcar and Cleveland, England.-History:The railway opened in 1947 as a tourist attraction. It was originally a simple out-and-back line with a station at each end. During 1953 the line was adapted to allow the simultaneous operation...

  • Saltburn Pier
    Saltburn Pier
    Saltburn Pier is a pier located in Saltburn-by-the-Sea, Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It is the last pier remaining in Yorkshire.-Background:...

  • Saltburn railway station
    Saltburn railway station
    Saltburn Railway Station serves the town of Saltburn-by-the-Sea in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It is the terminus of the Tees Valley Line and is operated by Northern Rail who provide all passenger train services...


External links

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