Rubia peregrina
Encyclopedia
Rubia peregrina, the common Wild Madder, is a herbaceous
perennial plant species in the genus Rubia
belonging to the Rubiaceae
family.
) have been used since ancient times as a vegetable red dye
. The specific epithet possibly comes from the Latin meaning "to move or travel" or "to proceed" and refers to the ability of this plant to easily expand itself in its habitat.
flowers are pollinated by insects (entomogamy). The fruits are fleshy green berries, black when ripe, about 5 mm (0.196850393700787 in) in diameter.
, Portugal
, France
, Italy
, Greece
and former Jugoslavia), in Great Britain
and in North Africa.
Rubia peregrina, the common Wild Madder, is a herbaceous
perennial plant species in the genus Rubia
belonging to the Rubiaceae
family.
) have been used since ancient times as a vegetable red dye
. The specific epithet possibly comes from the Latin meaning "to move or travel" or "to proceed" and refers to the ability of this plant to easily expand itself in its habitat.
flowers are pollinated by insects (entomogamy). The fruits are fleshy green berries, black when ripe, about 5 mm (0.196850393700787 in) in diameter.
, Portugal
, France
, Italy
, Greece
and former Jugoslavia), in Great Britain
and in North Africa.
Rubia peregrina, the common Wild Madder, is a herbaceous
perennial plant species in the genus Rubia
belonging to the Rubiaceae
family.
) have been used since ancient times as a vegetable red dye
. The specific epithet possibly comes from the Latin meaning "to move or travel" or "to proceed" and refers to the ability of this plant to easily expand itself in its habitat.
flowers are pollinated by insects (entomogamy). The fruits are fleshy green berries, black when ripe, about 5 mm (0.196850393700787 in) in diameter.
, Portugal
, France
, Italy
, Greece
and former Jugoslavia), in Great Britain
and in North Africa.
Herbaceous
A herbaceous plant is a plant that has leaves and stems that die down at the end of the growing season to the soil level. They have no persistent woody stem above ground...
perennial plant species in the genus Rubia
Rubiá
aRubiá is a municipality in the Spanish province of Ourense. It has a population of 1734 and an area of 101 km²....
belonging to the Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
The Rubiaceae is a family of flowering plants, variously called the coffee family, madder family, or bedstraw family. The group contains many commonly known plants, including the economically important coffee , quinine , and gambier , and the horticulturally valuable madder , west indian jasmine ,...
family.
Etymology
The genus name Rubia derives from the Latin meaning "red", as the roots of some species (mainly Rubia tinctorumRubia tinctorum
Rubia tinctorum, the common madder or dyer's madder, is a plant species in the genus Rubia.The plant's roots contain several polyphenolic compounds like 1,3-Dihydroxyanthraquinone , 1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone , 1,2,4-Trihydroxyanthraquinone and 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone...
) have been used since ancient times as a vegetable red dye
Dye
A dye is a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied. The dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution, and requires a mordant to improve the fastness of the dye on the fiber....
. The specific epithet possibly comes from the Latin meaning "to move or travel" or "to proceed" and refers to the ability of this plant to easily expand itself in its habitat.
Description
The stem is woody, hairless, square and climbing and reaches on average 50–250 cm (19.7–98.4 ) long. The evergreen leaves are sessile, glossy, leathery, oval-lanceolate and toothed on the margins. They are arranged in whorls, usually with five or more leaves radiating from a single node. The small flowers have five petals and are pale green-yellowish, about 5-7 mm in diameter, arranged at the top of long stalks. The flowering period extends from April through June. The hermaphroditicHermaphrodite
In biology, a hermaphrodite is an organism that has reproductive organs normally associated with both male and female sexes.Many taxonomic groups of animals do not have separate sexes. In these groups, hermaphroditism is a normal condition, enabling a form of sexual reproduction in which both...
flowers are pollinated by insects (entomogamy). The fruits are fleshy green berries, black when ripe, about 5 mm (0.196850393700787 in) in diameter.
Distribution
It is mainly present in the Mediterranean Europe (SpainSpain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
, Portugal
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, Greece
Greece
Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
and former Jugoslavia), in Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain or Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island, as well as the largest of the British Isles...
and in North Africa.
Habitat
This stress resistant weed is typical of Mediterranean scrub. It grows in thickets, bushes, hedges, stony grounds and along the roads and paths. It prefers dry soils, at an altitude of 0–1000 m (0–3,280.8 ) above sea level.Synonyms
- Rubia anglica Huds. (1762)
- Rubia angustifolia L. (1767)
- Rubia lucida L. (1767)
- Rubia bocconii Petagna (1787)
- Rubia longifolia Poir.
- Rubia splendens Hoffmanns. & LinkLinkLink, links, linking may refer to:- Education :* Hands On Learning Australia, implements the HOL LiNK program -Music:* Link , an American R&B singer...
(1824) - Rubia requienii Duby (1830)
- Rubia dalmatica ScheeleScheeleScheele is a surname of Germanic origin.Scheele may refer to:*Carl Wilhelm Scheele , German-Swedish pharmaceutical chemist*Karin Scheele , Austrian politician; member of the European Parliament since 1999...
(1844) - Rubia angustifolia var. requienii (Duby) NymanNymanNyman is an English and Swedish surname. The name originates from Anglo-Saxon culture. The name is derived from the words neowe, niwe, and nige which all mean new, and the word mann, meaning man. The name was traditionally given to newcomers. Other variations of the surname include: Newman, Newmen,...
(1879) - Rubia peregrina var. dalmatica (ScheeleScheeleScheele is a surname of Germanic origin.Scheele may refer to:*Carl Wilhelm Scheele , German-Swedish pharmaceutical chemist*Karin Scheele , Austrian politician; member of the European Parliament since 1999...
) Nyman (1879) - Rubia peregrina var. lucida (L.) Nyman (1879)
- Rubia peregrina var. splendens (Hoffmanns. & LinkJohann Heinrich Friedrich LinkJohann Heinrich Friedrich Link was a German naturalist and botanist.Link was born at Hildesheim as a son of the minister August Heinrich Link , who taught him the love for nature through collection of 'natural objects'...
) Nyman (1879) - Rubia erratica Bubani (1899)
- Rubia reiseri Halácsy ex HayekHayekHayek is a surname, and may refer to:* August von Hayek , Austrian botanist, father of economist Friedrich Hayek* Dina Hayek , popular Lebanese singer...
(1930) - Rubia peregrina subsp. longifolia (Poir.) O.Bolòs (1969)
- Rubia peregrina var. requienii (Duby) CardonaCardonaCardona is a town ìn Catalonia, Spain, in the province of Barcelona; about 90 km northwest of the city of Barcelona, on a hill almost surrounded by the river Cardoner, a branch of the Llobregat.Near the town is an extensive deposit of rock salt...
(1974) - Rubia peregrina subsp. requienii (Duby) Cardona & SierraSierraSierra can refer to:- Mountains and mountain ranges :* Sierra mountains * Sierra de Juárez, mountain range in Baja California, Mexico...
(1980) - Rubia agostinhoi Dans. et SilvaSilvaSilva is a common surname in the Portuguese language, namely in Portugal, and Brazil; it is also widespread in regions of the former Portuguese Empire in Asia, including India and Sri Lanka....
- Rubia peregrina subsp. agostinhoi (Dans. et Silva) Valdés et LópezLópezLópez is a common surname in the Spanish language . It was originally a patronymic, meaning Son of Lope, Lope itself being a Spanish given name deriving from Latin lupus, meaning wolf...
Rubia peregrina, the common Wild Madder, is a herbaceous
Herbaceous
A herbaceous plant is a plant that has leaves and stems that die down at the end of the growing season to the soil level. They have no persistent woody stem above ground...
perennial plant species in the genus Rubia
Rubiá
aRubiá is a municipality in the Spanish province of Ourense. It has a population of 1734 and an area of 101 km²....
belonging to the Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
The Rubiaceae is a family of flowering plants, variously called the coffee family, madder family, or bedstraw family. The group contains many commonly known plants, including the economically important coffee , quinine , and gambier , and the horticulturally valuable madder , west indian jasmine ,...
family.
Etymology
The genus name Rubia derives from the Latin meaning "red", as the roots of some species (mainly Rubia tinctorumRubia tinctorum
Rubia tinctorum, the common madder or dyer's madder, is a plant species in the genus Rubia.The plant's roots contain several polyphenolic compounds like 1,3-Dihydroxyanthraquinone , 1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone , 1,2,4-Trihydroxyanthraquinone and 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone...
) have been used since ancient times as a vegetable red dye
Dye
A dye is a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied. The dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution, and requires a mordant to improve the fastness of the dye on the fiber....
. The specific epithet possibly comes from the Latin meaning "to move or travel" or "to proceed" and refers to the ability of this plant to easily expand itself in its habitat.
Description
The stem is woody, hairless, square and climbing and reaches on average 50–250 cm (19.7–98.4 ) long.Pignatti S. - Flora d'Italia – Edagricole – 1982. Vol. II, pag. 379 The evergreen leaves are sessile, glossy, leathery, oval-lanceolate and toothed on the margins. They are arranged in whorls, usually with five or more leaves radiating from a single node. The small flowers have five petals and are pale green-yellowish, about 5-7 mm in diameter, arranged at the top of long stalks. The flowering period extends from April through June. The hermaphroditicHermaphrodite
In biology, a hermaphrodite is an organism that has reproductive organs normally associated with both male and female sexes.Many taxonomic groups of animals do not have separate sexes. In these groups, hermaphroditism is a normal condition, enabling a form of sexual reproduction in which both...
flowers are pollinated by insects (entomogamy). The fruits are fleshy green berries, black when ripe, about 5 mm (0.196850393700787 in) in diameter.
Distribution
It is mainly present in the Mediterranean Europe (SpainSpain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
, Portugal
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, Greece
Greece
Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
and former Jugoslavia), in Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain or Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island, as well as the largest of the British Isles...
and in North Africa.
Habitat
This stress resistant weed is typical of Mediterranean scrub. It grows in thickets, bushes, hedges, stony grounds and along the roads and paths. It prefers dry soils, at an altitude of 0–1000 m (0–3,280.8 ) above sea level.Synonyms
- Rubia anglica Huds. (1762)
- Rubia angustifolia L. (1767)
- Rubia lucida L. (1767)
- Rubia bocconii Petagna (1787)
- Rubia longifolia Poir.
- Rubia splendens Hoffmanns. & LinkLinkLink, links, linking may refer to:- Education :* Hands On Learning Australia, implements the HOL LiNK program -Music:* Link , an American R&B singer...
(1824) - Rubia requienii Duby (1830)
- Rubia dalmatica ScheeleScheeleScheele is a surname of Germanic origin.Scheele may refer to:*Carl Wilhelm Scheele , German-Swedish pharmaceutical chemist*Karin Scheele , Austrian politician; member of the European Parliament since 1999...
(1844) - Rubia angustifolia var. requienii (Duby) NymanNymanNyman is an English and Swedish surname. The name originates from Anglo-Saxon culture. The name is derived from the words neowe, niwe, and nige which all mean new, and the word mann, meaning man. The name was traditionally given to newcomers. Other variations of the surname include: Newman, Newmen,...
(1879) - Rubia peregrina var. dalmatica (ScheeleScheeleScheele is a surname of Germanic origin.Scheele may refer to:*Carl Wilhelm Scheele , German-Swedish pharmaceutical chemist*Karin Scheele , Austrian politician; member of the European Parliament since 1999...
) Nyman (1879) - Rubia peregrina var. lucida (L.) Nyman (1879)
- Rubia peregrina var. splendens (Hoffmanns. & LinkJohann Heinrich Friedrich LinkJohann Heinrich Friedrich Link was a German naturalist and botanist.Link was born at Hildesheim as a son of the minister August Heinrich Link , who taught him the love for nature through collection of 'natural objects'...
) Nyman (1879) - Rubia erratica Bubani (1899)
- Rubia reiseri Halácsy ex HayekHayekHayek is a surname, and may refer to:* August von Hayek , Austrian botanist, father of economist Friedrich Hayek* Dina Hayek , popular Lebanese singer...
(1930) - Rubia peregrina subsp. longifolia (Poir.) O.Bolòs (1969)
- Rubia peregrina var. requienii (Duby) CardonaCardonaCardona is a town ìn Catalonia, Spain, in the province of Barcelona; about 90 km northwest of the city of Barcelona, on a hill almost surrounded by the river Cardoner, a branch of the Llobregat.Near the town is an extensive deposit of rock salt...
(1974) - Rubia peregrina subsp. requienii (Duby) Cardona & SierraSierraSierra can refer to:- Mountains and mountain ranges :* Sierra mountains * Sierra de Juárez, mountain range in Baja California, Mexico...
(1980) - Rubia agostinhoi Dans. et SilvaSilvaSilva is a common surname in the Portuguese language, namely in Portugal, and Brazil; it is also widespread in regions of the former Portuguese Empire in Asia, including India and Sri Lanka....
- Rubia peregrina subsp. agostinhoi (Dans. et Silva) Valdés et LópezLópezLópez is a common surname in the Spanish language . It was originally a patronymic, meaning Son of Lope, Lope itself being a Spanish given name deriving from Latin lupus, meaning wolf...
Rubia peregrina, the common Wild Madder, is a herbaceous
Herbaceous
A herbaceous plant is a plant that has leaves and stems that die down at the end of the growing season to the soil level. They have no persistent woody stem above ground...
perennial plant species in the genus Rubia
Rubiá
aRubiá is a municipality in the Spanish province of Ourense. It has a population of 1734 and an area of 101 km²....
belonging to the Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
The Rubiaceae is a family of flowering plants, variously called the coffee family, madder family, or bedstraw family. The group contains many commonly known plants, including the economically important coffee , quinine , and gambier , and the horticulturally valuable madder , west indian jasmine ,...
family.
Etymology
The genus name Rubia derives from the Latin meaning "red", as the roots of some species (mainly Rubia tinctorumRubia tinctorum
Rubia tinctorum, the common madder or dyer's madder, is a plant species in the genus Rubia.The plant's roots contain several polyphenolic compounds like 1,3-Dihydroxyanthraquinone , 1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone , 1,2,4-Trihydroxyanthraquinone and 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone...
) have been used since ancient times as a vegetable red dye
Dye
A dye is a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied. The dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution, and requires a mordant to improve the fastness of the dye on the fiber....
. The specific epithet possibly comes from the Latin meaning "to move or travel" or "to proceed" and refers to the ability of this plant to easily expand itself in its habitat.
Description
The stem is woody, hairless, square and climbing and reaches on average 50–250 cm (19.7–98.4 ) long.Pignatti S. - Flora d'Italia – Edagricole – 1982. Vol. II, pag. 379 The evergreen leaves are sessile, glossy, leathery, oval-lanceolate and toothed on the margins. They are arranged in whorls, usually with five or more leaves radiating from a single node. The small flowers have five petals and are pale green-yellowish, about 5-7 mm in diameter, arranged at the top of long stalks. The flowering period extends from April through June. The hermaphroditicHermaphrodite
In biology, a hermaphrodite is an organism that has reproductive organs normally associated with both male and female sexes.Many taxonomic groups of animals do not have separate sexes. In these groups, hermaphroditism is a normal condition, enabling a form of sexual reproduction in which both...
flowers are pollinated by insects (entomogamy). The fruits are fleshy green berries, black when ripe, about 5 mm (0.196850393700787 in) in diameter.
Distribution
It is mainly present in the Mediterranean Europe (SpainSpain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
, Portugal
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, Greece
Greece
Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
and former Jugoslavia), in Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain or Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island, as well as the largest of the British Isles...
and in North Africa.
Habitat
This stress resistant weed is typical of Mediterranean scrub. It grows in thickets, bushes, hedges, stony grounds and along the roads and paths. It prefers dry soils, at an altitude of 0–1000 m (0–3,280.8 ) above sea level.Synonyms
- Rubia anglica Huds. (1762)
- Rubia angustifolia L. (1767)
- Rubia lucida L. (1767)
- Rubia bocconii Petagna (1787)
- Rubia longifolia Poir.
- Rubia splendens Hoffmanns. & LinkLinkLink, links, linking may refer to:- Education :* Hands On Learning Australia, implements the HOL LiNK program -Music:* Link , an American R&B singer...
(1824) - Rubia requienii Duby (1830)
- Rubia dalmatica ScheeleScheeleScheele is a surname of Germanic origin.Scheele may refer to:*Carl Wilhelm Scheele , German-Swedish pharmaceutical chemist*Karin Scheele , Austrian politician; member of the European Parliament since 1999...
(1844) - Rubia angustifolia var. requienii (Duby) NymanNymanNyman is an English and Swedish surname. The name originates from Anglo-Saxon culture. The name is derived from the words neowe, niwe, and nige which all mean new, and the word mann, meaning man. The name was traditionally given to newcomers. Other variations of the surname include: Newman, Newmen,...
(1879) - Rubia peregrina var. dalmatica (ScheeleScheeleScheele is a surname of Germanic origin.Scheele may refer to:*Carl Wilhelm Scheele , German-Swedish pharmaceutical chemist*Karin Scheele , Austrian politician; member of the European Parliament since 1999...
) Nyman (1879) - Rubia peregrina var. lucida (L.) Nyman (1879)
- Rubia peregrina var. splendens (Hoffmanns. & LinkJohann Heinrich Friedrich LinkJohann Heinrich Friedrich Link was a German naturalist and botanist.Link was born at Hildesheim as a son of the minister August Heinrich Link , who taught him the love for nature through collection of 'natural objects'...
) Nyman (1879) - Rubia erratica Bubani (1899)
- Rubia reiseri Halácsy ex HayekHayekHayek is a surname, and may refer to:* August von Hayek , Austrian botanist, father of economist Friedrich Hayek* Dina Hayek , popular Lebanese singer...
(1930) - Rubia peregrina subsp. longifolia (Poir.) O.Bolòs (1969)
- Rubia peregrina var. requienii (Duby) CardonaCardonaCardona is a town ìn Catalonia, Spain, in the province of Barcelona; about 90 km northwest of the city of Barcelona, on a hill almost surrounded by the river Cardoner, a branch of the Llobregat.Near the town is an extensive deposit of rock salt...
(1974) - Rubia peregrina subsp. requienii (Duby) Cardona & SierraSierraSierra can refer to:- Mountains and mountain ranges :* Sierra mountains * Sierra de Juárez, mountain range in Baja California, Mexico...
(1980) - Rubia agostinhoi Dans. et SilvaSilvaSilva is a common surname in the Portuguese language, namely in Portugal, and Brazil; it is also widespread in regions of the former Portuguese Empire in Asia, including India and Sri Lanka....
- Rubia peregrina subsp. agostinhoi (Dans. et Silva) Valdés et LópezLópezLópez is a common surname in the Spanish language . It was originally a patronymic, meaning Son of Lope, Lope itself being a Spanish given name deriving from Latin lupus, meaning wolf...
Anthos Kew Gardens