Richard Guino - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

Richard Guino( May 26, 1890 – February, 1973) is a French sculptor of Catalan

Catalonia

Catalonia is an autonomous community in northeastern Spain, with the official status of a "nationality" of Spain. Catalonia comprises four provinces: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona. Its capital and largest city is Barcelona. Catalonia covers an area of 32,114 km² and has an...

origin.

His work is an ode to femineity

Femininity

Femininity is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with girls and women. Though socially constructed, femininity is made up of both socially defined and biologically created factors...

which revives the Mediterranean ideal of beauty. Richard Guino brings about a synthesis full of sensuality between classicism and modernity, using a great variety of techniques and materials – wood, wax, marble, bronzes, terracottas

Terra cotta

Terracotta, Terra cotta or Terra-cotta is a clay-based unglazed ceramic, although the term can also be applied to glazed ceramics where the fired body is porous and red in color...

, plaster

Plaster

Plaster is a building material used for coating walls and ceilings. Plaster starts as a dry powder similar to mortar or cement and like those materials it is mixed with water to form a paste which liberates heat and then hardens. Unlike mortar and cement, plaster remains quite soft after setting,...

s, ivories

Ivory carving

Ivory carving is the carving of ivory, that is to say animal tooth or tusk, by using sharp cutting tools, either mechanically or manually. The ancient craft has now virtually ceased, as since CITES it is illegal under most circumstances throughout the world....

, glass, ceramics, majolicas

Maiolica

Maiolica is Italian tin-glazed pottery dating from the Renaissance. It is decorated in bright colours on a white background, frequently depicting historical and legendary scenes.-Name:...

, drawings and paintings. His fruitful collaboration with Auguste Renoir constitutes a rare episode in the history of Art.

Origins and Catalan youth

Richard Guino was born on May 26, 1890 in Girona

Girona

Girona is a city in the northeast of Catalonia, Spain at the confluence of the rivers Ter, Onyar, Galligants and Güell, with an official population of 96,236 in January 2009. It is the capital of the province of the same name and of the comarca of the Gironès...

, Catalonia, Spain, the son of an ebony

Ebony

Ebony is a dense black wood, most commonly yielded by several species in the genus Diospyros, but ebony may also refer to other heavy, black woods from unrelated species. Ebony is dense enough to sink in water. Its fine texture, and very smooth finish when polished, make it valuable as an...

cabinet maker. His parents sent him to school in a Marist

Society of Mary (Marists)

The Society of Mary , is a Roman Catholic religious congregation or order, founded by Father Jean-Claude Colin and a group of other seminarians in France in 1816...

college where he underwent an extremely rigid education. A precocious sculptor, he entered the Art School of Girona at a very young age and left in 1906 to follow the courses of the Superior School of Fine Arts in Barcelona

Barcelona

Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain after Madrid, and the capital of Catalonia, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of...

– Pablo Picasso

Pablo Picasso

Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso known as Pablo Ruiz Picasso was a Spanish expatriate painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, one of the greatest and most influential artists of the...

's father was one of his teachers. He participated in collective exhibitions in Girona (1908) and Barcelona (1910) where Aristide Maillol

Aristide Maillol

Aristide Maillol or Aristides Maillol was a French Catalan sculptor and painter.-Biography:...

, 30 years his elder, discovered him. Considering him "the most gifted European sculptor of his generation", Maillol asked him to join him in France to work at his side.

Paris in a state of grace

That is how Richard Guino settled in Paris

Paris

Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...

in 1910, in a studio located in Rue Daguerre in the Montparnasse

Montparnasse

Montparnasse is an area of Paris, France, on the left bank of the river Seine, centred at the crossroads of the Boulevard du Montparnasse and the Rue de Rennes, between the Rue de Rennes and boulevard Raspail...

neighborhood and assisted Maillol in his studios in Paris and Marly-le-Roi

Marly-le-Roi

Marly-le-Roi is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the western suburbs of Paris from the centre....

. He attended the Ranson Academy

Académie Ranson

The Académie Ranson was founded in Paris by the French painter Paul Ranson , who himself studied at the Académie Julian, in 1908.- History :...

in Montmartre

Montmartre

Montmartre is a hill which is 130 metres high, giving its name to the surrounding district, in the north of Paris in the 18th arrondissement, a part of the Right Bank. Montmartre is primarily known for the white-domed Basilica of the Sacré Cœur on its summit and as a nightclub district...

where he met Maurice Denis

Maurice Denis

Maurice Denis was a French painter and writer, and a member of the Symbolist and Les Nabis movements. His theories contributed to the foundations of cubism, fauvism, and abstract art.-Childhood and education:...

, for whom he realized notably a few low reliefs for the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées

Théâtre des Champs-Élysées

The Théâtre des Champs-Élysées is a theatre at 15 avenue Montaigne. Despite its name, the theatre is not on the Champs-Élysées but nearby in another part of the 8th arrondissement of Paris....

. He exhibited at the Société des Artistes Decorateurs, at the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts, at the Galerie Druet and at the Galerie Marseille and Vildrac. Count Kessel and Art dealer Ambroise Vollard

Ambroise Vollard

Ambroise Vollard is regarded as one of the most important dealers in French contemporary art at the beginning of the twentieth century...

purchased his works. His drawings also were exhibited, he realized striking inks of Isadora Duncan

Isadora Duncan

Isadora Duncan was a dancer, considered by many to be the creator of modern dance. Born in the United States, she lived in Western Europe and the Soviet Union from the age of 22 until her death at age 50. In the United States she was popular only in New York, and only later in her life...

dancing, sketched from life. He worked mainly on feminine figures, supple and powerful : “Torso with drapery”, “Woman bather squatting”, “The Egyptian woman”, “Woman with mandoline”...

The Renoir-Guino sculptured work

It was around that time and at the request of Vollard that Maillol attempted to sculpt with Renoir

Pierre-Auguste Renoir

Pierre-Auguste Renoir was a French artist who was a leading painter in the development of the Impressionist style. As a celebrator of beauty, and especially feminine sensuality, it has been said that "Renoir is the final representative of a tradition which runs directly from Rubens to...

. The old Master, urged on by Vollard, wished to explore sculpting. Handicapped by rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder that may affect many tissues and organs, but principally attacks synovial joints. The process produces an inflammatory response of the synovium secondary to hyperplasia of synovial cells, excess synovial fluid, and the development...

, he continued to paint, brushes slipped between his paralysed fingers, protected by narrow bandages. The dealer, who was admiring a medallion the painter had made of his youngest son Claude, took into his head to “find him a pair of hands”. Now Maillol was an accomplished artist, he could only do "Maillol" so... he presented Guino. Vollard, enthusiastic, arranged for him to meet with Renoir in 1913 and hired him at his own expense. An astonishing adventure began then between the young sculptor and the old painter, qualified as miraculous because of the remarkable communion of spirit and sensitivity which developed between the two artists. This collaboration lasted until 1918, in Essoyes

Essoyes

Essoyes is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.Impressionist artist Auguste Renoir had a house in the town. The village, hometown of his wife Aline and model and governess of his children Gabrielle Renard, is represented in many of his paintings.-Geography:Essoyes is a quiet...

first then at the “Collettes”, Renoir's villa in Cagnes-sur-Mer

Cagnes-sur-Mer

Cagnes-sur-Mer is a commune of the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.-Geography:It is the largest suburb of the city of Nice and lies to the west-southwest of it, about from the center.-History:...

in Provence

Provence

Provence ; Provençal: Provença in classical norm or Prouvènço in Mistralian norm) is a region of south eastern France on the Mediterranean adjacent to Italy. It is part of the administrative région of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur...

. This resulted in the creation of an ensemble of pieces considered at the zenith of modern sculpture: the “small Venus”, the “Venus victrix”, the “Judgement of Pâris”, the “Large Washer Woman”... When Renoir died in 1919, the sculptures were publicised and exploited as his alone by Vollard then by Renou.

Sculptor, ceramist, sketcher artist and painter

Guino, whom his fierce libertarian sense kept away from any spirit of claiming, pursued his personal work. After his five years of collaboration with Renoir, intimately wounded by this denial of his creative share which commercial reasons motivated, attempted to reinvent himself, to change his style, exploring new techniques, in parallel to his sculptured work. He signed a contract with the Galerie Hebrard in Paris, which devoted three large personal exhibitions to him in 1919, 1922 and 1923. Interested in decorative arts, he realized numerous glazed ceramics and a few pieces of furniture. A long collaboration began in 1922 with the factory of Sèvres

Sèvres

Sèvres is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris.The town is known for its porcelain manufacture, the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres, making the famous Sèvres porcelain, as well as being the location of the International Bureau of Weights...

which for more than ten years rendered editions of his models in stoneware and bisque.

In 1923, he participated in the spring exhibition of Barcelona, exhibited paintings and drawings at the Galerie Devauchez and some pieces at the Musée Galliera

Musée Galliera

The Musée Galliera, also known as the Musée de la Mode de la Ville de Paris, is a fashion museum located in the 16th arrondissement at 10, avenue Pierre 1er de Serbie, Paris, France. It is open daily except Tuesdays; an admission fee is charged....

, at the Salon des Tuileries

Salon des Tuileries

The Salon des Tuileries was an annual art exhibition for painting and sculpture, created June 14, 1923, co-founded by painter Albert Besnard, sculptor Antoine Bourdelle, architect Auguste Perret, and others....

and at the Salon de la des Artistes Décorateurs. In 1924 he exhibited at the Musée des Arts Décoratifs which acquired “Woman with Tambourine”. His drawings were exhibited at the Maison Barbedienne, his sculptures at the Salon de la Societé des Artistes Décorateurs. He signed a contract with the editing house Colin which for ten years would edit bronzes from his models. In 1925, Guino attended the International Exhibition of Decorative Arts of Paris where he obtained honorary diplomas for metal and ceramics. He also participated in the exhibition of contemporary French Art in Japan

Japan

Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...

.

That same year, he obtained French citizenship and married Gabrielle Borzeix; together they went on to have six children... Georges, Claude, Evelyne and three artistes: Michel Guino, a sculptor, Marie Guino-Ronchi, a painter and Jean Borzeix who died prematurely. Guino settled with his large family in a bigger studio in Antony

Antony, Hauts-de-Seine

-Personalities:Antony was the birthplace of:* Nicola Sirkis singer with the French band Indochine* Agnès Jaoui screenwriter, film director and actress* Laurent Lafforgue , mathematician-International relations:...

, outside of Paris, next to his friend and photographer Bougourd, who was part of the joyful band of artists who lent so much life to Rue Daguerre.

In 1928, he entered the XIth competition of the Musée Galliera

Musée Galliera

, bronze section. In 1929, exhibitions at the Galerie Hector Brame of drawings and small plates for book binding, at the Salon des Indépendants

Société des Artistes Indépendants

—The Société des Artistes Indépendants formed in Paris in summer 1884 choosing the device "No jury nor awards" . Albert Dubois-Pillet, Odilon Redon, Georges Seurat and Paul Signac were among its founders...

and at the Salon de la Société des Artistes Français

Société des artistes français

The Société des Artistes Français is the association of French painters and sculptors established in 1881. Its annual exhibition is called the Salon....

(Salons of 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933 and 1934). In 1931, he exhibited again at the Salon des Indépendants and signed a contract with the editing house Susse frères, with which he would collaborate until 1955.

The Renoir-Guino sculptured work II

The “enigma of the Renoir sculpture” was not solved until sixty years after its creation, at the end of a long action initiated in 1965 by Michel Guino, son of Richard Guino and himself a sculptor, who laboured to divulge his father's sculpture. After a close analysis of the pieces, of the processes which directed their creation and after the hearing of numerous artists, Richard Guino was recognized co-author in 1971 by the Third Civil Court of the Tribunal de Paris and the issue was settled once and for all by the Supreme Court of Appeal in 1973. The art historian Paul Haesaerts specified as early as 1947 in his book “Renoir sculptor” (Ed. Hermes, Bruxelles): “Guino was never an actor merely reading his text or a musician interpreting mechanically his score. The latter content themselves with being performers, in no way do they participate in the creative process. Guino was involved body and soul in the creative act. We can even affirm that if he hadn't been there, the sculpture of Renoir would have never seen the light. Guino was indispensable.”

The action was not entered “against” Renoir, a twist which was conveyed in numerous texts and newspaper articles referring to “the case”. The goal of the lawsuit was to unveil the exceptional account of this process of creation and to bring to light the original contribution of Guino to the sculptured work, initially obscured by Vollard. A sculptor's “assistant” reproduces or enlarges an already existing model. Guino on the other hand, did a transposition of techniques: we pass from the painting of Renoir to the sculpture of Guino, the spirit of the painting will manifest in the spirit of the sculpture. Transmutation confirmed between two artists. This phenomenon was able to take place thanks to their friendship and intense commonality of vision. The painter at his canvas, on the first floor of the villa and the sculptor shaping the clay in his studio of the garden of the “Collettes”. And it is this unique and rare point which characterizes this work of art.

Exhibitions

Upon his death, Richard Guino's studio contained more than 200 sculptures (wood, bronzes, terra cottas, plasters, ivories, glasses), numerous ceramics and majolicas, more than 200 paintings (portraits, landscapes, still lifes) and 3000 drawings (watercolors, gouaches, wash drawings, engravings, lithographs, monotypes, drawings in red chalk, charcoal drawings )... His numerous erotic drawings, recently disclosed, bring to light the dionysiac aspect of this artist of uncommon destiny.

« Renoir-Guino. Sculptures et dessins », Hôtel Le Bristol Paris
Hôtel Le Bristol Paris
Hôtel Le Bristol Paris is a luxury hotel, located on the fashion precinct of the Rue du Faubourg-Saint-Honoré in Paris, France, at number 112.- History :...

, 1974
« Richard Guino », Paskine de Ginoux Strasbourg, 1976
« Rétrospective Richard Guino, sculptures, dessins », Maison de Renoir aux Collettes, Cagnes-sur-Mer, 1977
« Sculptures Renoir-Guino et Guino », Tokyo, 1989
« Ricard Guino Escultures i dibuixos », Ajuntament de Girona, Espagne, 1992
« Renoir-Guino » Musée Océanographique de Monaco en octobre 1994, à Bruges en Belgique en juillet 1995, à Cannes et à Monaco en juillet-août 1996, à Busto Arcizio au Museo delle Arti Palazzo Bandera en mai-juin 1997
« Biennale de Shanghai », première édition, 2003
« L’érotisme dans l’œuvre de Richard Guino », Louvre des Antiquaires, Paris 2006

The Renoir-Guino sculptures are exhibited in the greatest museums: Musée d'Orsay

Musée d'Orsay

The Musée d'Orsay is a museum in Paris, France, on the left bank of the Seine. It is housed in the former Gare d'Orsay, an impressive Beaux-Arts railway station built between 1898 and 1900. The museum holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915, including paintings, sculptures, furniture,...

Paris, Tate

Tate

-Places:*Tate, Georgia, a town in the United States*Tate County, Mississippi, a county in the United States*Táté, the Hungarian name for Totoi village, Sântimbru Commune, Alba County, Romania*Tate, Filipino word for States...

Gallery London, Museum of Modern Art

Museum of Modern Art

The Museum of Modern Art is an art museum in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, on 53rd Street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. It has been important in developing and collecting modernist art, and is often identified as the most influential museum of modern art in the world...

New York, Contemporary Sculpture Center Tokyo, etc.

Since 1992, the museum of Girona (Spain), his native town, proposes a permanent exhibition of works of Richard Guino. An ensemble of pieces can be seen in Antony, outside Paris in his old studio.

External links

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