Richard Foreman
Encyclopedia
Richard Foreman is an American playwright
Playwright
A playwright, also called a dramatist, is a person who writes plays.The term is not a variant spelling of "playwrite", but something quite distinct: the word wright is an archaic English term for a craftsman or builder...

 and avant-garde
Avant-garde
Avant-garde means "advance guard" or "vanguard". The adjective form is used in English to refer to people or works that are experimental or innovative, particularly with respect to art, culture, and politics....

 theater pioneer. He is the founder of the Ontological-Hysteric Theater
Ontological-Hysteric Theater
The Ontological-Hysteric Theater was founded in 1968 by Richard Foreman. According to his website, his aim was-Total Theater:According to his website,-Production history:...

.

Life

Richard Foreman graduated from Brown University
Brown University
Brown University is a private, Ivy League university located in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. Founded in 1764 prior to American independence from the British Empire as the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations early in the reign of King George III ,...

 (B.A. 1959), and received an MFA in Playwriting from Yale School of Drama
Yale School of Drama
The Yale School of Drama is a graduate professional school of Yale University providing training in every discipline of the theatre: acting, design , directing, dramaturgy and dramatic criticism, playwriting, stage management, sound design, technical design and production, and theater...

 in 1962. As an undergraduate, he was instrumental in the formation of Production Workshop, Brown University's student theatre group. In 1993, Brown presented him with an honorary doctorate. In 1968 he founded the Ontological-Hysteric Theater
Ontological-Hysteric Theater
The Ontological-Hysteric Theater was founded in 1968 by Richard Foreman. According to his website, his aim was-Total Theater:According to his website,-Production history:...

, which began as an art-oriented project in the New York district of Soho, and later moved to a semi-permanent "home" at Joseph Papp's Public Theater. Since 1992, the non-profit organization has been in residence at the theater at St. Mark's Church-in-the-Bowery.
Foreman's dramatic works are driven by the notion of a constant reawakening of the audience; he is one of the major artists creating substantial works in the avant garde performance movement, now largely referred to as post-dramatic theater. Instead of focusing on conflict to shape his theatrical structure, Foreman's work draws on design, text and the live performance of actors equally, to create a different focus and relationship between the stage and audience. He describes his works as "total theater". The goal of his performances is a "disorientation massage", in contrast to Aristotle's
Aristotle
Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and polymath, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. His writings cover many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, linguistics, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology...

 goal of catharsis
Catharsis
Catharsis or katharsis is a Greek word meaning "cleansing" or "purging". It is derived from the verb καθαίρειν, kathairein, "to purify, purge," and it is related to the adjective καθαρός, katharos, "pure or clean."-Dramatic uses:...

.

Foreman was influenced by the work of filmmaker/performer Jack Smith
Jack Smith (film director)
Jack Smith was an American filmmaker, actor, and pioneer of underground cinema...

 and musician LaMonte Young and their approach to time.

Richard Foreman has written, directed and designed over fifty of his own plays both in New York City and abroad. He has received three Obie Award
Obie Award
The Obie Awards or Off-Broadway Theater Awards are annual awards given by The Village Voice newspaper to theatre artists and groups in New York City...

s for Best Play of the Year, and he has received four other Obies for directing and for "sustained achievement". He has received the annual Literature Award from the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters, a "Lifetime Achievement in the Theater" award from the National Endowment for the Arts
National Endowment for the Arts
The National Endowment for the Arts is an independent agency of the United States federal government that offers support and funding for projects exhibiting artistic excellence. It was created by an act of the U.S. Congress in 1965 as an independent agency of the federal government. Its current...

, the PEN American Center
PEN American Center
PEN American Center , founded in 1922 and based in New York City, works to advance literature, to defend free expression, and to foster international literary fellowship. The Center has a membership of 3,300 writers, editors, and translators...

 Master American Dramatist Award, a MacArthur Fellowship, and in 2004 was elected an officer of the Order of Arts and Letters of France. His archives and work materials have been acquired by the Fales Library
Fales Library
New York University's Fales Library and Special Collections is located on the third floor of the Elmer Holmes Bobst Library at 70 Washington Square South between LaGuardia Place and the Schwartz Plaza, in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. It houses nearly 200,000...

 at New York University
New York University
New York University is a private, nonsectarian research university based in New York City. NYU's main campus is situated in the Greenwich Village section of Manhattan...

 (NYU).

His work has been primarily produced by and performed at the Ontological-Hysteric Theater
Ontological-Hysteric Theater
The Ontological-Hysteric Theater was founded in 1968 by Richard Foreman. According to his website, his aim was-Total Theater:According to his website,-Production history:...

 in New York, though he has gained acclaim as director for such productions as Bertolt Brecht
Bertolt Brecht
Bertolt Brecht was a German poet, playwright, and theatre director.An influential theatre practitioner of the 20th century, Brecht made equally significant contributions to dramaturgy and theatrical production, the latter particularly through the seismic impact of the tours undertaken by the...

's The Threepenny Opera
The Threepenny Opera
The Threepenny Opera is a musical by German dramatist Bertolt Brecht and composer Kurt Weill, in collaboration with translator Elisabeth Hauptmann and set designer Caspar Neher. It was adapted from an 18th-century English ballad opera, John Gay's The Beggar's Opera, and offers a Marxist critique...

at Lincoln Center and the premiere of Suzan-Lori Parks
Suzan-Lori Parks
Suzan-Lori Parks is an African American playwright and screenwriter. She received the MacArthur Foundation "Genius" Grant in 2001, and the 2002 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for her play, Topdog/Underdog.-Early years:...

's Venus at the Public Theater
Public Theater
The Public Theater is a New York City arts organization founded as The Shakespeare Workshop in 1954 by Joseph Papp, with the intention of showcasing the works of up-and-coming playwrights and performers. It is headquartered at 425 Lafayette Street in the former Astor Library in the East Village...

.

In 2004, Foreman established the Bridge Project with Sophie Haviland to promote international art exchange between countries around the world through workshops, symposiums, theater productions, visual art, performance and multimedia events. From 2006 to 2008, Foreman's Ontological-Hysteric productions have incorporated the projection of video footage generated through Bridge workshops as a kind of "film-score" that the live performance is conducted in a relation to. These include Zomboid! (2006), Wake Up Mr. Sleepy! Your Unconscious Mind Is Dead! (2007) and Deep Trance Behavior in Potatoland (2008).

Foreman's plays have been co-produced by The New York Shakespeare Festival
New York Shakespeare Festival
New York Shakespeare Festival is the previous name of the New York City theatrical producing organization now known as the Public Theater. The Festival produced shows at the Delacorte Theater in Central Park, as part of its free Shakespeare in the Park series, at the Public Theatre near Astor Place...

, La Mama Theatre, The Wooster Group
The Wooster Group
The Wooster Group is a New York City-based experimental theater company known for creating numerous original dramatic works. It gradually emerged during 1975-1980 from Richard Schechner's The Performance Group and took its name in 1980...

, the Festival d'Autumn in Paris and the Vienna Festival
Vienna Festival
The Wiener Festwochen is a cultural festival in Vienna that takes place every year for five or six weeks in May and June.The Wiener Festwochen was established in 1951, when Vienna was still occupied by the four Allies...

. He has collaborated (as librettist and stage director) with composer Stanley Silverman on 8 music theater pieces produced by The Music Theater Group & The New York City Opera
New York City Opera
The New York City Opera is an American opera company located in New York City.The company, called "the people's opera" by New York Mayor Fiorello La Guardia, was founded in 1943 with the aim of making opera financially accessible to a wide audience, producing an innovative choice of repertory, and...

. He wrote and directed the feature film Strong Medicine. He has also directed and designed many classical productions with major theaters around the world including, The Threepenny Opera
The Threepenny Opera
The Threepenny Opera is a musical by German dramatist Bertolt Brecht and composer Kurt Weill, in collaboration with translator Elisabeth Hauptmann and set designer Caspar Neher. It was adapted from an 18th-century English ballad opera, John Gay's The Beggar's Opera, and offers a Marxist critique...

, The Golem and plays by Václav Havel
Václav Havel
Václav Havel is a Czech playwright, essayist, poet, dissident and politician. He was the tenth and last President of Czechoslovakia and the first President of the Czech Republic . He has written over twenty plays and numerous non-fiction works, translated internationally...

, Botho Strauss, and Suzan-Lori Parks
Suzan-Lori Parks
Suzan-Lori Parks is an African American playwright and screenwriter. She received the MacArthur Foundation "Genius" Grant in 2001, and the 2002 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for her play, Topdog/Underdog.-Early years:...

 for The New York Shakespeare Festival
New York Shakespeare Festival
New York Shakespeare Festival is the previous name of the New York City theatrical producing organization now known as the Public Theater. The Festival produced shows at the Delacorte Theater in Central Park, as part of its free Shakespeare in the Park series, at the Public Theatre near Astor Place...

, Die Fledermaus
Die Fledermaus
Die Fledermaus is an operetta composed by Johann Strauss II to a German libretto by Karl Haffner and Richard Genée.- Literary sources :...

at the Paris Opera
Palais Garnier
The Palais Garnier, , is an elegant 1,979-seat opera house, which was built from 1861 to 1875 for the Paris Opera. It was originally called the Salle des Capucines because of its location on the Boulevard des Capucines in the 9th arrondissement of Paris, but soon became known as the Palais Garnier...

, Don Giovanni
Don Giovanni
Don Giovanni is an opera in two acts with music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and with an Italian libretto by Lorenzo Da Ponte. It was premiered by the Prague Italian opera at the Teatro di Praga on October 29, 1787...

at the Opera de Lille, Philip Glass's
Philip Glass
Philip Glass is an American composer. He is considered to be one of the most influential composers of the late 20th century and is widely acknowledged as a composer who has brought art music to the public .His music is often described as minimalist, along with...

 Fall of the House of Usher at the American Repertory Theater and The Maggio Musicale in Florence
Florence
Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 370,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area....

, Woyzeck
Woyzeck
Woyzeck is a stage play written by Georg Büchner. He left the work incomplete at his death, but it has been variously and posthumously "finished" by a variety of authors, editors and translators. Woyzeck has become one of the most performed and influential plays in the German theatre...

at Hartford Stage Company, Molière's
Molière
Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, known by his stage name Molière, was a French playwright and actor who is considered to be one of the greatest masters of comedy in Western literature...

 Don Juan
Don Juan
Don Juan is a legendary, fictional libertine whose story has been told many times by many authors. El burlador de Sevilla y convidado de piedra by Tirso de Molina is a play set in the fourteenth century that was published in Spain around 1630...

at the Guthrie Theater
Guthrie Theater
The Guthrie Theater is a center for theater performance, production, education, and professional training in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It is the result of the desire of Sir Tyrone Guthrie, Oliver Rea, and Peter Zeisler to create a resident acting company that would produce and perform the classics in...

 and The New York Shakespeare Festival
New York Shakespeare Festival
New York Shakespeare Festival is the previous name of the New York City theatrical producing organization now known as the Public Theater. The Festival produced shows at the Delacorte Theater in Central Park, as part of its free Shakespeare in the Park series, at the Public Theatre near Astor Place...

, Kathy Acker
Kathy Acker
Kathy Acker was an American experimental novelist, punk poet, playwright, essayist, postmodernist and sex-positive feminist writer. She was strongly influenced by the Black Mountain School, William S...

's Birth of the Poet at the Brooklyn Academy of Music
Brooklyn Academy of Music
Brooklyn Academy of Music is a major performing arts venue in Brooklyn, a borough of New York City, United States, known as a center for progressive and avant garde performance....

 and the RO theater in Rotterdam, Gertrude Stein
Gertrude Stein
Gertrude Stein was an American writer, poet and art collector who spent most of her life in France.-Early life:...

's Doctor Faustus Lights the Lights
Doctor Faustus Lights the Lights
Doctor Faustus Lights the Lights is a libretto for an opera by the American modernist playwright and poet Gertrude Stein. For avant-garde theatre artists from the United States, the text has formed something of a rite of passage—the Judson Poets’ Group, the Living Theatre, Richard Foreman, Robert...

at the Autumn Festivals in Berlin and Paris.

Seven collections of his plays have been published, and books studying his work have been published in English, French, and German.

Plays

  • Angelface, New York City (1968)
  • Ida-Eyed, New York City (1969)
  • Total Recall, New York City (1970)
  • HcOhTiEnLa (or) Hotel China, New York City (1971)
  • Dream Tantras for Western Massachusetts, Lennox, Massachusetts (1971) (music by Stanley Silverman)
  • Evidence, New York City (1972)
  • Sophia= (Wisdom) Part 3: The Cliffs, New York City (1972)
  • Particle Theory, New York City (1973)
  • Classical Therapy or A Week under the Influence . . . , Paris (1973)
  • Pain(t), New York City (1974)
  • Vertical Mobility, New York City (1974)
  • Pandering to the Masses: A Misrepresentation, New York City (1975)
  • Rhoda in Potatoland (Her Fall-Starts), New York City (1975)
  • Livre des Splendeurs: Part One, Paris (1976)
  • Book of Splendors: Part Two (Book of Leaves) Action at a Distance, New York City (1977)
  • Blvd. de Paris (I've Got the Shakes), New York City (1977)
  • Madness and Tranquility (My Head Was a Sledgehammer), New York City (1979)
  • Place + Target, Rome (1980)
  • Penguin Touquet, New York City (1981)
  • Café Amérique, Paris (1981)
  • Egyptology, New York City (1983)
  • La Robe de Chambre de Georges Bataille, Paris (1983)
  • Miss Universal Happiness, New York City (1985)
  • The Cure, New York City (1986)
  • Film Is Evil: Radio Is Good, New York City (1987)
  • Symphony of Rats, New York City (1987)
  • Love and Science, Stockholm (1988)
  • What Did He See? New York City (1988)
  • Lava, New York City (1989)
  • Eddie Goes to Poetry City: Part One, Seattle (1990)
  • Eddie Goes to Poetry City: Part Two, New York City (1991)
  • The Mind King, New York City (1992)
  • Samuel's Major Problems, New York City (1993)
  • My Head Was A Sledgehammer, New York City (1994)
  • I've Got the Shakes, New York City (1995)
  • The Universe, New York City (1995)
  • Permanent Brain Damage, New York City (1996) (toured to London)
  • Pearls for Pigs, Hartford, Connecticut (1997) (toured to Montreal, Paris, Rome, Los Angeles, and New York City)
  • Benita Canova, New York City (1997)
  • Paradise Hotel (Hotel Fuck), New York City (1998) (toured to Paris, Copenhagen, Salzburg and Berlin)
  • Bad Boy Nietzsche, New York City (2000 (toured to Brussels, Berlin and Tokyo)
  • Now That Communism is Dead, My Life Feels Empty, New York City (2001) (toured to Vienna and Holland)
  • Maria Del Bosco, New York City (2002) (toured to Singapore)
  • Panic! (How to Be Happy!), New York City (2003) (toured to Zurich and Vienna)
  • King Cowboy Rufus Rules the Universe!, New York City (2004)
  • The Gods Are Pounding My Head! AKA Lumberjack Messiah, New York City (2005)
  • ZOMBOID! (Film/Performance Project #1), New York City (2006)
  • WAKE UP MR. SLEEPY! YOUR UNCONSCIOUS MIND IS DEAD!, New York City (2007)
  • DEEP TRANCE BEHAVIOR IN POTATOLAND (A RICHARD FOREMAN THEATER MACHINE), New York City (2008)
  • IDIOT SAVANT, New York City (2009)

Opera

  • Elephant Steps, New York City (1968) (music by Stanley Silverman)
  • Dr. Selavy's Magic Theater, New York City (1972) (music by Stanley Silverman)
  • Hotel for Criminals, New York City (1974) (music by Stanley Silverman)
  • American Imagination, New York City (1978) (music by Stanley Silverman)
  • Madame Adare, New York City (1980) (music by Stanley Silverman)
  • Africanis Instructus, New York City (1986) (music by Stanley Silverman)
  • Love & Science, New York City (1990) (music by Stanley Silverman)
  • WHAT TO WEAR, Los Angeles (2006 (music by Michael Gordon
    Michael Gordon (composer)
    Michael Gordon is an American composer and co-founder of the Bang on a Can festival and ensemble. His music is associated with the genres of totalism and post-minimalism.-Early life:...

    )
  • ASTRONOME: A NIGHT AT THE OPERA, New York City (2009) (music by John Zorn
    John Zorn
    John Zorn is an American avant-garde composer, arranger, record producer, saxophonist and multi-instrumentalist. Zorn is a prolific artist: he has hundreds of album credits as performer, composer, or producer...

    )

Film and Video

  • Out of the Body Travel, video play (1975)
  • City Archives, video play (1977)
  • Strong Medicine, feature film (1978)
  • Radio Rick in Heaven and Radio Richard in Hell, film (1987)
  • Total Rain, video play (1990)

Books

  • Plays and Manifestos (1976)
  • Theatre of Images (1977)
  • Reverberation Machines: The Later Plays and Essays (1986)
  • Love and Science: Selected Librettos by Richard Foreman (1991)
  • Unbalancing Acts: Foundations for a Theater (1993)
  • My Head Was a Sledgehammer: Six Plays (1995)
  • No-body: A Novel in Parts (1996)
  • Paradise Hotel and Other Plays (2001)
  • Richard Foreman (Art + Performance) (2005)
  • Bad Boy Nietzsche! and Other Plays (2005)
  • Manifestos and Essays (forthcoming 2010)

Prizes and awards

  • 2004 Officer of the Order of Arts and Letters of France

  • 2001 PEN/Laura Pels
    PEN/Laura Pels
    The Laura Pels Foundation Awards for Drama, commonly referred to as the PEN/Laura Pels Award, annually recognizes two American playwrights...

     Master American Playwright Award

  • 1995-2000 MacArthur Fellowship

  • 1996 Edwin Booth Award for Theatrical Achievement

  • 1992 & 1995 NEA Playwriting Fellowship

  • 1992 American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters Award in Literature

  • 1990 NEA Distinguished Artist Fellowship for Lifetime Achievement in Theater

  • 1990 Ford Foundation play development grant for "Eddie Goes to Poetry City"

  • 1974 Rockefeller Foundation Playwrights Grant

  • 1972 Guggenheim for Playwriting

  • 7 Village Voice "Obies", (including 3 for Best Play, and one for Lifetime Achievement)

See also

  • Speculations: An Essay on the Theater
    Speculations: An Essay on the Theater
    Speculations: An Essay on the Theater is a treatise by one of today's major experimental playwrights: Mac Wellman. It was published with the collection of plays entitled The Difficulty of Crossing a Field...

  • Mac Wellman
    Mac Wellman
    Mac Wellman is an American playwright, author, and poet. Wellman is best known for his experimental work in the theater which rebels against theatrical conventions, often abandoning such traditional elements as plot and character altogether...

  • The Flea Theater
    The Flea Theater
    The Flea Theater, founded in 1996, is a theatre in the TriBeCa section of New York City. It presents primarily new American theatre, and provides a venue for film stars to act on a very small stage. It is the home of "The Bat Theater Company", an Obie Award winning resident acting troupe of...

  • Performance art
    Performance art
    In art, performance art is a performance presented to an audience, traditionally interdisciplinary. Performance may be either scripted or unscripted, random or carefully orchestrated; spontaneous or otherwise carefully planned with or without audience participation. The performance can be live or...

  • Elizabeth LeCompte
    Elizabeth LeCompte
    Elizabeth LeCompte is a founding member and the theater director of experimental theater collective The Wooster Group .-Biography:...

  • The Wooster Group
    The Wooster Group
    The Wooster Group is a New York City-based experimental theater company known for creating numerous original dramatic works. It gradually emerged during 1975-1980 from Richard Schechner's The Performance Group and took its name in 1980...

  • Ontological-Hysteric Theater
    Ontological-Hysteric Theater
    The Ontological-Hysteric Theater was founded in 1968 by Richard Foreman. According to his website, his aim was-Total Theater:According to his website,-Production history:...

  • Richard Schechner
    Richard Schechner
    Richard Schechner is Professor of Performance Studies at the Tisch School of the Arts, New York University , editor of TDR: The Drama Review, and artistic director of East Coast Artists. His BA is from Cornell University , MA from the University of Iowa , and PhD from Tulane University...

  • Happening
    Happening
    A happening is a performance, event or situation meant to be considered art, usually as performance art. Happenings take place anywhere , are often multi-disciplinary, with a nonlinear narrative and the active participation of the audience...

    s
  • Allan Kaprow
    Allan Kaprow
    Allan Kaprow was an American painter, assemblagist and a pioneer in establishing the concepts of performance art. He helped to develop the "Environment" and "Happening" in the late 1950s and 1960s, as well as their theory. His Happenings - some 200 of them - evolved over the years...

  • Fluxus
    Fluxus
    Fluxus—a name taken from a Latin word meaning "to flow"—is an international network of artists, composers and designers noted for blending different artistic media and disciplines in the 1960s. They have been active in Neo-Dada noise music and visual art as well as literature, urban planning,...

  • Intermedia
    Intermedia
    Intermedia was a concept employed in the mid-sixties by Fluxus artist Dick Higgins to describe the ineffable, often confusing, inter-disciplinary activities that occur between genres that became prevalent in the 1960s. Thus, the areas such as those between drawing and poetry, or between painting...

  • Dick Higgins
    Dick Higgins
    Dick Higgins was a composer, poet, printer, and early Fluxus artist. Higgins was born in Cambridge, England, but raised in the United States in various parts of New England, including Worcester, Massachusetts, Putney, Vermont, and Concord, New Hampshire.Like other Fluxus artists, Higgins studied...

  • Marina Abramović
    Marina Abramovic
    Marina Abramović is a Belgrade-born New York-based Serbian performance artist who began her career in the early 1970s. Active for over three decades, she has recently begun to describe herself as the “grandmother of performance art.” Abramović's work explores the relationship between performer and...

  • Experimental theatre
    Experimental theatre
    Experimental theatre is a general term for various movements in Western theatre that began in the late 19th century as a retraction against the dominant vent governing the writing and production of dramatical menstrophy, and age in particular. The term has shifted over time as the mainstream...

  • Avant-garde
    Avant-garde
    Avant-garde means "advance guard" or "vanguard". The adjective form is used in English to refer to people or works that are experimental or innovative, particularly with respect to art, culture, and politics....


External links

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