Red Marsh Nature Reserve
Encyclopedia
Red Marsh Nature Reserve is a nature reserve
with an area of 11 629.75 hectares located within the municipalities; Goniądz
and Rajgród
in Podlaskie Voivodeship
northeastern Poland
. Reserve Type: fauna
with numerous specimens of flora
. Reserve is located in the Biebrza National Park
, whose office is in Osowiec-Twierdza
.
to have retained almost the original area of marsh
(swamp
), wilderness
and sparsely populated, almost deserted places. In the middle basin of Biebrza
already in the interwar period
, there were two nature reserves in the Red Marsh and Perches, which the site was extended in 1981, and its size is increased to 629.75 ha in 1911. There are, regular shafts dune
known as perches
and oak-hornbeam forests. Promoter of these sites and activist for the preservation of remaining natural ecosystem
s in Poland
was a professor Simona Kossak, author of the daily broadcast
(What's hot) on "Radio Bialystok". Existing reserves and the activities of the Society resulted in the creation in 1989, the Biebrza National Park, established in Osowiec-Twierdza.
s overgrown with dwarf trees
, which provides an excellent refuge for animals, especially for the largest modern living, a rare and protected ungulate
- moose
(Alces alces), and and Marsh Deer
(Cervus elaphus) and Roe Deer
(Capreolus capreolus). In the area of the reserve live in natural conditions, many gangs
of wolves. In addition, these sites are ideal for bedding and nesting sites for birds: White-tailed Eagle
(Haliaeetus albicilla), golden eagle
(Aquila chrysaetos) and the lesser spotted eagle
(Aquila pomarina) which is under strict protection
overall.
. Plant species under strict protection
:
Nature reserve
A nature reserve is a protected area of importance for wildlife, flora, fauna or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research...
with an area of 11 629.75 hectares located within the municipalities; Goniądz
Gmina Goniadz
Gmina Goniądz is an urban-rural gmina in Mońki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Goniądz, which lies approximately north-west of Mońki and north-west of the regional capital Białystok....
and Rajgród
Gmina Rajgród
Gmina Rajgród is an urban-rural gmina in Grajewo County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Rajgród, which lies approximately north-east of Grajewo and north-west of the regional capital Białystok.The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total...
in Podlaskie Voivodeship
Podlaskie Voivodeship
Podlaskie Voivodeship , is a voivodeship in northeastern Poland. It borders on Masovian Voivodeship to the west, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship to the northwest, Lublin Voivodeship to the south, the Belarusssian Voblasts of Grodno and Brest to the east, the Lithuanian Counties of Alytus and...
northeastern Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
. Reserve Type: fauna
Fauna
Fauna or faunæ is all of the animal life of any particular region or time. The corresponding term for plants is flora.Zoologists and paleontologists use fauna to refer to a typical collection of animals found in a specific time or place, e.g. the "Sonoran Desert fauna" or the "Burgess shale fauna"...
with numerous specimens of flora
Flora
Flora is the plant life occurring in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring or indigenous—native plant life. The corresponding term for animals is fauna.-Etymology:...
. Reserve is located in the Biebrza National Park
Biebrza National Park
Biebrza National Park is a national park in Podlaskie Voivodeship, northeastern Poland, situated along the Biebrza River.The largest of Poland’s 23 National Parks, the Biebrza National Park was created on September 9, 1993...
, whose office is in Osowiec-Twierdza
Osowiec-Twierdza
Osowiec-Twierdza is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Goniądz, in Mońki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately south of Goniądz, north-west of Mońki, and north-west of the regional capital Białystok...
.
History
In the middle of EuropeCentral Europe
Central Europe or alternatively Middle Europe is a region of the European continent lying between the variously defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe...
to have retained almost the original area of marsh
Marsh
In geography, a marsh, or morass, is a type of wetland that is subject to frequent or continuous flood. Typically the water is shallow and features grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, other herbaceous plants, and moss....
(swamp
Swamp
A swamp is a wetland with some flooding of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water. A swamp generally has a large number of hammocks, or dry-land protrusions, covered by aquatic vegetation, or vegetation that tolerates periodical inundation. The two main types of swamp are "true" or swamp...
), wilderness
Wilderness
Wilderness or wildland is a natural environment on Earth that has not been significantly modified by human activity. It may also be defined as: "The most intact, undisturbed wild natural areas left on our planet—those last truly wild places that humans do not control and have not developed with...
and sparsely populated, almost deserted places. In the middle basin of Biebrza
Biebrza
Biebrza is a river in north-eastern Poland, a tributary of the Narew river , with a length of 155 kilometres and the basin area of 7,057 km2...
already in the interwar period
Interwar period
Interwar period can refer to any period between two wars. The Interbellum is understood to be the period between the end of the Great War or First World War and the beginning of the Second World War in Europe....
, there were two nature reserves in the Red Marsh and Perches, which the site was extended in 1981, and its size is increased to 629.75 ha in 1911. There are, regular shafts dune
Barchan
A barchan dune, also barkhan is an arc-shaped sand ridge, comprising well-sorted sand. This type of dune possesses two "horns" that face downwind, with the slip face at the angle of repose of sand, or approximately 35 degrees . The upwind side is packed by the wind, and stands at about 15 degrees...
known as perches
Hill
A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain. Hills often have a distinct summit, although in areas with scarp/dip topography a hill may refer to a particular section of flat terrain without a massive summit A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain. Hills...
and oak-hornbeam forests. Promoter of these sites and activist for the preservation of remaining natural ecosystem
Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a biological environment consisting of all the organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the nonliving , physical components of the environment with which the organisms interact, such as air, soil, water and sunlight....
s in Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
was a professor Simona Kossak, author of the daily broadcast
Broadcast
Broadcast or Broadcasting may refer to:* Broadcasting, the transmission of audio and video signals* Broadcast, an individual television program or radio program* Broadcast , an English electronic music band...
(What's hot) on "Radio Bialystok". Existing reserves and the activities of the Society resulted in the creation in 1989, the Biebrza National Park, established in Osowiec-Twierdza.
Fauna
Red Marsh away from the overflow land, wetlands, riparian morass of the river Biebrza is different in nature because it creates bogBog
A bog, quagmire or mire is a wetland that accumulates acidic peat, a deposit of dead plant material—often mosses or, in Arctic climates, lichens....
s overgrown with dwarf trees
Peat
Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation matter or histosol. Peat forms in wetland bogs, moors, muskegs, pocosins, mires, and peat swamp forests. Peat is harvested as an important source of fuel in certain parts of the world...
, which provides an excellent refuge for animals, especially for the largest modern living, a rare and protected ungulate
Ungulate
Ungulates are several groups of mammals, most of which use the tips of their toes, usually hoofed, to sustain their whole body weight while moving. They make up several orders of mammals, of which six to eight survive...
- moose
Moose
The moose or Eurasian elk is the largest extant species in the deer family. Moose are distinguished by the palmate antlers of the males; other members of the family have antlers with a dendritic configuration...
(Alces alces), and and Marsh Deer
Marsh Deer
The Marsh Deer, Blastocerus dichotomus , is the largest deer species from South America reaching a length of and a height of at the rump. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay...
(Cervus elaphus) and Roe Deer
Roe Deer
The European Roe Deer , also known as the Western Roe Deer, chevreuil or just Roe Deer, is a Eurasian species of deer. It is relatively small, reddish and grey-brown, and well-adapted to cold environments. Roe Deer are widespread in Western Europe, from the Mediterranean to Scandinavia, and from...
(Capreolus capreolus). In the area of the reserve live in natural conditions, many gangs
Pack (canine)
Pack is a social group of conspecific canids. Not all species of canids - notably the red fox - form packs. Pack size and social behaviour within packs varies across species.-Species which exhibit pack behavior:...
of wolves. In addition, these sites are ideal for bedding and nesting sites for birds: White-tailed Eagle
White-tailed Eagle
The White-tailed Eagle , also known as the Sea Eagle, Erne , or White-tailed Sea-eagle, is a large bird of prey in the family Accipitridae which includes other raptors such as hawks, kites, and harriers...
(Haliaeetus albicilla), golden eagle
Golden Eagle
The Golden Eagle is one of the best known birds of prey in the Northern Hemisphere. Like all eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. Once widespread across the Holarctic, it has disappeared from many of the more heavily populated areas...
(Aquila chrysaetos) and the lesser spotted eagle
Lesser Spotted Eagle
The Lesser Spotted Eagle is a large Eastern European bird of prey. Like all typical eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae...
(Aquila pomarina) which is under strict protection
Wildlife management
Wildlife management attempts to balance the needs of wildlife with the needs of people using the best available science. Wildlife management can include game keeping, wildlife conservation and pest control...
overall.
Flora
A valuable asset of the Red Swamp are not only natural habitat conditions for animals, but also unique vegetationVegetation
Vegetation is a general term for the plant life of a region; it refers to the ground cover provided by plants. It is a general term, without specific reference to particular taxa, life forms, structure, spatial extent, or any other specific botanical or geographic characteristics. It is broader...
. Plant species under strict protection
Protection
Protection may refer to:-Music:*Protection , by Massive Attack*"Protection" *"Protection" *"Protection," a song by Krokus from To You All...
:
- BirchBirchBirch is a tree or shrub of the genus Betula , in the family Betulaceae, closely related to the beech/oak family, Fagaceae. The Betula genus contains 30–60 known taxa...
(Betula humilis Schrank) - shrubShrubA shrub or bush is distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and shorter height, usually under 5–6 m tall. A large number of plants may become either shrubs or trees, depending on the growing conditions they experience...
reaching a height of 2 m - Drosera rotundifoliaDrosera rotundifoliaDrosera rotundifolia is a species of sundew, a carnivorous plant often found in bogs, marshes and fens...
(Drosera rotundifolia L.) - carnivorous plantCarnivorous plantCarnivorous plants are plants that derive some or most of their nutrients from trapping and consuming animals or protozoans, typically insects and other arthropods. Carnivorous plants appear adapted to grow in places where the soil is thin or poor in nutrients, especially nitrogen, such as acidic... - Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinumPedicularis sceptrum-carolinumPedicularis sceptrum-carolinum is a plant species in the genus Pedicularis....
)