Progress State Research and Production Rocket Space Center
Encyclopedia
The Progress State Research and Production Space Centre (also known as TsSKB-Progress) is a Russia
n "Federal State Unitary Enterprise" under the jurisdiction of Roscosmos, the Russian Federal Space Agency responsible for space science
and aerospace
research. It is the developer of the famous Soyuz-FG rocket used for manned space flight, as well as Soyuz-U used for launching unmanned probes.
s used for human spaceflight
launches, and the Soyuz-U
series used for robotic spacecraft
launches. Commercial marketing of these launch vehicles is handled by the company Starsem
. TsSKB-Progress' satellite products include the Foton
and Foton-M
science satellite series, the Yantar
military satellites and the Resurs DK
Earth resource satellite.
The company's main production facilities are located in the city of Samara
. They include a design bureau, a large R-7 factory called Progress and an affiliate design bureau KB Foton. Up to 25,000 people work in the Progress factory; of them, 5,000 work in rocket and satellite systems, and 360 work on the R-7 production line at any given time. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the factory has also diversified into machine tools, vodka and sweets.
TsSKB Progress is currently leading the development Rus-M
, a new launcher intended for launching the Prospective Piloted Transport System
, the manned spacecraft that will eventually replace the current Soyuz spacecraft.
In 1941 the State Aviation Plant No. 1 was moved from Moscow to the city now known as Samara, Russia
, near the Volga River
.
The plant, named Dooks
, had been created in 1917, using facilities in Moscow which had previously been used for the manufacture of bicycles, motorcycles, and various other vehicles. Before World War II
the plant had manufactured several aeroplane models at the Moscow location, including the MiG-3. During the war the plant manufactured Ilyushin Il-2
and Il-10
aircraft. In 1946 it began production of MiG-9 and MiG-15 jet fighters, and in 1954 it started to produce Tupolev Tu-16
bombers.
On 2 January 1958 the Soviet government ordered State Aviation Plant No. 1 to begin production of R-7 Semyorka
rockets.
The Central Specialized Design Bureau (TsSKB) was established on 30 June 1974. Dmitri Kozlov
, who had been the chief designer of the R-7 and a Deputy Chief Designer of ОКB-1
, was appointed General Designer of TsSKB on 6 July 1983. In 2003 A.N. Kirilin was appointed as General Director of "TsSKB-Progress", and D.I. Kozlov became its Honorary General Designer.
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n "Federal State Unitary Enterprise" under the jurisdiction of Roscosmos, the Russian Federal Space Agency responsible for space science
Space science
The term space science may mean:* The study of issues specifically related to space travel and space exploration, including space medicine.* Science performed in outer space ....
and aerospace
Aerospace
Aerospace comprises the atmosphere of Earth and surrounding space. Typically the term is used to refer to the industry that researches, designs, manufactures, operates, and maintains vehicles moving through air and space...
research. It is the developer of the famous Soyuz-FG rocket used for manned space flight, as well as Soyuz-U used for launching unmanned probes.
Overview
TsSKB-Progress is the developer and manufacturer of the Soyuz FG series of launch vehicleLaunch vehicle
In spaceflight, a launch vehicle or carrier rocket is a rocket used to carry a payload from the Earth's surface into outer space. A launch system includes the launch vehicle, the launch pad and other infrastructure....
s used for human spaceflight
Human spaceflight
Human spaceflight is spaceflight with humans on the spacecraft. When a spacecraft is manned, it can be piloted directly, as opposed to machine or robotic space probes and remotely-controlled satellites....
launches, and the Soyuz-U
Soyuz-U
The Soyuz-U launch vehicle is an improved version of the original Soyuz LV. Soyuz-U is part of the R-7 family of rockets based on the R-7 Semyorka missile. Members of this rocket family were designed by the TsSKB design bureau and constructed at the Progress Factory in Samara, Russia....
series used for robotic spacecraft
Robotic spacecraft
A robotic spacecraft is a spacecraft with no humans on board, that is usually under telerobotic control. A robotic spacecraft designed to make scientific research measurements is often called a space probe. Many space missions are more suited to telerobotic rather than crewed operation, due to...
launches. Commercial marketing of these launch vehicles is handled by the company Starsem
Starsem
Starsem is a European-Russian company that was created in 1996 to commercialise the Soyuz launcher. Starsem is headquartered in Évry, France and has the following shareholders:* Russian Federal Space Agency...
. TsSKB-Progress' satellite products include the Foton
Foton
Foton is the project name of two series of Russian science satellite and reentry vehicle programs. Although unmanned, the design was adapted from the manned Vostok spacecraft capsule. The primary focus of the Foton project is materials science research, but some missions have also carried...
and Foton-M
Foton-M
Foton-M is series of robotic spacecraft used by Russia and the European Space Agency for research conducted in the microgravity environment of Earth orbit. The Foton-M design is based on the design of the Foton, with several improvements including a new telemetry and telecommand unit for increased...
science satellite series, the Yantar
Yantar (satellite)
Yantar is a series of Russian reconnaissance satellites, which supplemented and eventually replaced the Zenit spacecraft. Kosmos 2175, a Yantar-4K2 or Kobal't spacecraft, was the first satellite to be launched by the Russian Federation following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Yantar-Terilen...
military satellites and the Resurs DK
Resurs DK
Resurs-DK1 is a commercial Earth observation satellite capable of transmitting high-resolution imagery to the ground stations as it passes overhead...
Earth resource satellite.
The company's main production facilities are located in the city of Samara
Samara, Russia
Samara , is the sixth largest city in Russia. It is situated in the southeastern part of European Russia at the confluence of the Volga and Samara Rivers. Samara is the administrative center of Samara Oblast. Population: . The metropolitan area of Samara-Tolyatti-Syzran within Samara Oblast...
. They include a design bureau, a large R-7 factory called Progress and an affiliate design bureau KB Foton. Up to 25,000 people work in the Progress factory; of them, 5,000 work in rocket and satellite systems, and 360 work on the R-7 production line at any given time. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the factory has also diversified into machine tools, vodka and sweets.
TsSKB Progress is currently leading the development Rus-M
Rus-M
Rus-M was a proposed launcher design which was intended to become Russia's main launch vehicle for manned spaceflight after 2018, and an integral part of the Prospective Piloted Transport System which included a new manned spacecraft being developed to replace the Soyuz.Rus-M was being developed by...
, a new launcher intended for launching the Prospective Piloted Transport System
Prospective Piloted Transport System
PPTS , unofficially called Rus, is a project being undertaken by the Russian Federal Space Agency to develop a new-generation manned spacecraft...
, the manned spacecraft that will eventually replace the current Soyuz spacecraft.
History
On 12 April 1996 two Russian aerospace organizations, the Central Specialized Design Bureau (TsSKB) and the Samara Progress plant, were merged to form TsSKB-Progress.In 1941 the State Aviation Plant No. 1 was moved from Moscow to the city now known as Samara, Russia
Samara, Russia
Samara , is the sixth largest city in Russia. It is situated in the southeastern part of European Russia at the confluence of the Volga and Samara Rivers. Samara is the administrative center of Samara Oblast. Population: . The metropolitan area of Samara-Tolyatti-Syzran within Samara Oblast...
, near the Volga River
Volga River
The Volga is the largest river in Europe in terms of length, discharge, and watershed. It flows through central Russia, and is widely viewed as the national river of Russia. Out of the twenty largest cities of Russia, eleven, including the capital Moscow, are situated in the Volga's drainage...
.
The plant, named Dooks
Dooks
Dux was a bicycle/automobile/aircraft factory in Moscow, Russia before and during World War I. The factory was founded in 1893. The name comes from the latin word dux . Y. A. Meller was owner of the factory which was primarily focused on the building of French aircraft designs...
, had been created in 1917, using facilities in Moscow which had previously been used for the manufacture of bicycles, motorcycles, and various other vehicles. Before World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
the plant had manufactured several aeroplane models at the Moscow location, including the MiG-3. During the war the plant manufactured Ilyushin Il-2
Ilyushin Il-2
The Ilyushin Il-2 was a ground-attack aircraft in the Second World War, produced by the Soviet Union in very large numbers...
and Il-10
Ilyushin Il-10
Ilyushin Il-10 was a Soviet ground attack aircraft developed at the end of World War II by the Ilyushin construction bureau...
aircraft. In 1946 it began production of MiG-9 and MiG-15 jet fighters, and in 1954 it started to produce Tupolev Tu-16
Tupolev Tu-16
The Tupolev Tu-16 was a twin-engine jet bomber used by the Soviet Union. It has flown for more than 50 years, and the Chinese license-built Xian H-6 remains in service with the Chinese air force.-Development:...
bombers.
On 2 January 1958 the Soviet government ordered State Aviation Plant No. 1 to begin production of R-7 Semyorka
R-7 Semyorka
The R-7 was a Soviet missile developed during the Cold War, and the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile. The R-7 made 28 launches between 1957 and 1961, but was never deployed operationally. A derivative, the R-7A, was deployed from 1960 to 1968...
rockets.
The Central Specialized Design Bureau (TsSKB) was established on 30 June 1974. Dmitri Kozlov
Dmitri Ilyich Kozlov
Dmitry Ilyich Kozlov was a Russian aerospace engineer who founded the Progress State Research and Production Rocket Space Center....
, who had been the chief designer of the R-7 and a Deputy Chief Designer of ОКB-1
S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia
OAO S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia , also known as RKK Energiya, is a Russian manufacturer of spacecraft and space station components...
, was appointed General Designer of TsSKB on 6 July 1983. In 2003 A.N. Kirilin was appointed as General Director of "TsSKB-Progress", and D.I. Kozlov became its Honorary General Designer.