Princess Carolina, Marchioness of Sala
Encyclopedia
Princess Maria Carolina Christina of Bourbon-Parma, Marchioness of Sala (born 23 June 1974), Duchess of Guernica, is the fourth and youngest child of Princess Irene of the Netherlands
Princess Irene of the Netherlands
Princess Irene of the Netherlands is the second child of the late Queen Juliana and Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands.-Childhood and ancestry:thumb|left|215px|Princesses Margriet, Irene, and Beatrix in 1944...
and Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma, and is member of the Royal and Ducal House of Bourbon-Parma
House of Bourbon-Parma
The House of Bourbon-Parma is an Italian cadet branch of the House of Bourbon. It is thus descended from the Capetian dynasty in male line. The name of Bourbon-Parma comes from the main name and the other from the title of Duke of Parma....
, as well of the Dutch Royal Family.
Early life
Princess Carolina was born at 23 June 1974 in Nijmegen. She has two older brothers Prince CarlosCarlos, Prince of Piacenza
Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Parma, Duke of Parma and Piacenza is the current head of the Royal and Ducal House of Bourbon-Parma, as well a member of the Dutch Royal Family...
, the head of the House of Bourbon-Parma
House of Bourbon-Parma
The House of Bourbon-Parma is an Italian cadet branch of the House of Bourbon. It is thus descended from the Capetian dynasty in male line. The name of Bourbon-Parma comes from the main name and the other from the title of Duke of Parma....
, and Prince Jaime
Prince Jaime, Count of Bardi
Prince Jaime Bernardo of Bourbon-Parma, Count of Bardi, Duke of San Jaime is the second son and third child of Princess Irene of the Netherlands and late Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma, and is member of the Royal and Ducal House of Bourbon-Parma, as well of the Dutch Royal Family. The prince is heir...
. She also has one older sister Princess Margarita
Princess Margarita, Countess of Colorno
align=right|Already a Ducal Princess from birth, her father bestowed on 2 September 1996 the substantive title Contessa di Colorno upon her. The same year she was incorporated into the Dutch Nobility by Queen Beatrix, with the highest noble title Prinses de Bourbon de Parme and styled Hare...
. She was baptised at the castle of Lignières in France with Prince Claus of the Netherlands and Princess Christina of the Netherlands
Princess Christina of the Netherlands
Princess Maria Christina of the Netherlands , Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, is the youngest of four daughters born to Queen regnant Juliana of the Netherlands and her Prince consort Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld.-Birth:She was born Maria Christina at Soestdijk Palace,...
as her godparents.
In 1981, when she was six, her parents decided to divorce. She moved together with her mother and her brothers and sister to the Soestdijk Palace (Baarn), the then residence of the queen of the Netherlands. They lived at the palace for a number of years with her grandparents, Queen Juliana of the Netherlands and Prince Consort Bernhard. Later on they lived for a while in a villa at Wijk bij Duurstede
Wijk bij Duurstede
- The city of Wijk bij Duurstede :The city is located on the Rhine. At Wijk bij Duurstede, the Kromme Rijn branches off, and the main branch is called Lek River downstream from Wijk bij Duurstede....
.
Education and career
Princess Carolina studied political sciencePolitical science
Political Science is a social science discipline concerned with the study of the state, government and politics. Aristotle defined it as the study of the state. It deals extensively with the theory and practice of politics, and the analysis of political systems and political behavior...
at University of Amsterdam and Harvard University
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, established in 1636 by the Massachusetts legislature. Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and the first corporation chartered in the country...
. She has a career at the United Nations
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
. For this organisation she was stationed at the UN headquarters in New York
New York
New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...
, as well as problematic areas like Eritrea
Eritrea
Eritrea , officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa. Eritrea derives it's name from the Greek word Erethria, meaning 'red land'. The capital is Asmara. It is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast...
, the Gaza Strip
Gaza Strip
thumb|Gaza city skylineThe Gaza Strip lies on the Eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. The Strip borders Egypt on the southwest and Israel on the south, east and north. It is about long, and between 6 and 12 kilometres wide, with a total area of...
, and in Acheh (Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
) after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was an undersea megathrust earthquake that occurred at 00:58:53 UTC on Sunday, December 26, 2004, with an epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The quake itself is known by the scientific community as the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake...
. At this moment she works in Geneva
Geneva
Geneva In the national languages of Switzerland the city is known as Genf , Ginevra and Genevra is the second-most-populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandie, the French-speaking part of Switzerland...
.
Other activities
The princess has been seen regularly at important events of the royal house of the Netherlands. In 2001 she was one of the maids of honor at the wedding of Prince ConstantijnPrince Constantijn of the Netherlands
Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands is the third and youngest son of Queen Beatrix and the late Prince Claus of the Netherlands. His godparents are King Constantine II of Greece, Prince Aschwin zu Lippe-Biesterfeld, Axel Freiherr von dem Bussche-Streithorst, Max Kohnstamm, and Mrs. C...
and Princess Laurentien of the Netherlands
Princess Laurentien of the Netherlands
Princess Laurentien of the Netherlands is the wife of Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands, the third son of Queen Beatrix and Prince Claus of the Netherlands, Jonkheer van Amsberg.-Early life:Petra Laurentien Brinkhorst was born in Leiden on 25 May 1966, the daughter of the former Dutch minister...
. And during the baptism of their daughter Countess Eloise of Orange-Nassau
Countess Eloise of Orange-Nassau, Jonkvrouwe van Amsberg
Countess Eloise of Oranje-Nassau, Jonkvrouwe van Amsberg , is the first child and daughter of Prince Constantijn and Princess Laurentien of the Netherlands...
, she was the godmother of the child. She was a witness at the church wedding of her cousin Prince Floris of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven
Prince Floris of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven
-External links:*...
, and in 2010, was named as the godmother of Floris' second child, Eliane.
Ennoblement
Already a ducal princess from birth, her father bestowed the substantive titleSubstantive title
A substantive title is a title of nobility or royalty held by someone , which was acquired either by direct grant or inheritance...
Marchesa di Sala
Sala Baganza
Sala Baganza is a comune in the Province of Parma in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 90 km northwest of Bologna and about 12 km southwest of Parma....
(Marchioness of Sala) upon her on 2 September 1996, as well later on the Carlist title Duquesa de Gernika (Duchess of Guernica) on 28 September 2003. In 1996 she was incorporated into the Dutch Nobility by Queen Beatrix
Beatrix of the Netherlands
Beatrix is the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands comprising the Netherlands, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and Aruba. She is the first daughter of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands and Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. She studied law at Leiden University...
, with the highest noble title Prinses de Bourbon de Parme (Princess of Bourbon-Parma) and styled Hare Koninklijke Hoogheid (Her Royal Highness). She does not belong to the House of Orange-Nassau
House of Orange-Nassau
The House of Orange-Nassau , a branch of the European House of Nassau, has played a central role in the political life of the Netherlands — and at times in Europe — since William I of Orange organized the Dutch revolt against Spanish rule, which after the Eighty Years' War...
or the limited Dutch Royal House
Dutch Royal House
In the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Monarchy is a constitutional office and is controlled by the constitution of the Netherlands. A distinction is made between members of the royal family and members of the Royal House. The royal family is the Orange-Nassau family, however not every member is a...
, but as a granddaughter of Queen Juliana and niece of the present Queen Beatrix, she is an official member of the more extended Dutch Royal Family.
Prince Carolina is Dame Grand Cross with Collar of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George
Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George
The Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George is a Roman Catholic order of chivalry. It was fictively established by Constantine the Great, though in reality it was founded between 1520 and 1545 by two brothers of the Angeli Comneni family. Members of the Angeli Comneni family remained...
, Grand Cross of the Order of the Saint Louis for Civil Merit, and Grand Cross of the Order of the Legitimidad Proscrita.
Styles
- 23 June 1974 - 2 September 1996 Her Royal Highness Princess Carolina of Bourbon-Parma
- 2 September 1996 - 28 September 2003 Her Royal Highness Princess Carolina of Bourbon-Parma, Marchioness of Sala
- 28 September 2003 – present Her Royal Highness Princess Carolina of Bourbon-Parma, Marchioness of Sala, Duchess of Guernica