Prince Friedrich Christian of Schaumburg-Lippe
Encyclopedia
Prince Friedrich Christian of Schaumburg-Lippe (5 June 1906 – 20 September 1983) was a younger son of Georg, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe and his consort Princess Marie Anne of Saxe-Altenburg
.
Unhappy and disillusioned with the state of Germany after World War I
, Friedrich Christian turned to the Nazi Party as a solution for the country's ills. As an ardent Party supporter, he worked vigorously to gain noble and royal support for it, and eventually became an upper privy councillor and Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels
' adjutant
.
After World War II
, the prince devoted his writings to defending the record of the Third Reich, producing such works as Was Hitler Really a Dictator? (a personal account of the German leader) and "Als die goldne Abendsonne..." Aus meinen Tagebüchern der Jahre 1933–1937 (the prince's personal diaries).
. During the German Revolution of 1918–19, Friedrich's brother Adolf II
was the "last German prince forced to abdicate... With regard to his property, the prince [Adolf II] and the small state divided it half and half. Enough money therefore remained for him to throw full handfuls out the window." As a consequence of this compromise, and the fact that the family's wealth historically came from land and investments in Eastern Europe, the Schaumburg-Lippes were decidedly better off than many other royal families - they were even allowed to maintain their residence at Schloss Bückeburg
.
, and had felt even more unhappy over what he viewed as the "cowardly abdications" of the German princes to the revolutionaries in 1918. Under the Weimar regime
, many of these same princes "abandoned ancient principles of honor and fidelity and accommodated themselves to the egotistical, materialist values of the despised" new government, to Friedrich Christian's further disgust and anger. The prince wished for a restoration of the monarchy, but for it to be unlike anything it had been before; he believed that Hitler was also in tandem with these views, writing in his diary, "Hitler was in principle for the monarchy, but not for the continuation of that which, in his opinion, had failed totally." Friedrich Christian wrote in his 1934 work Der Adel ist tot - es lebe der Adel:
By the mid-1920s, Friedrich Christian was fundamentally convinced that those who still treasured the old values of the nobility needed to break down the ancient barriers separating them from the common people, reach out to the masses, and side with the National Socialists and their message. The prince "liked to think of his own class as an 'avant-garde
' of National Socialism" and of the "National Socialists as true heirs of the old nobility."
Unlike many other royalty during that time, who were cautious at first of showing support to the new ideological movement, Friedrich Christian, like his brother Prince Stephan, was an early supporter of the Nazi party, officially joining the rising political group in 1929; another source however has the prince actually working with the Nazis as early as August 1928 after a relative, Hereditary Prince Ernst of Lippe, had joined three months earlier. The House of Schaumburg-Lippe
would eventually come to have ten members in the Nazi party. Adolf Hitler
wanted these high-ranking members of society for propaganda reasons - the more who joined, the more socially acceptable his new regime would be. Like Friedrich and his brother Prince Wolrad
, Hitler appointed many of these new members to the Sturmabteilung
as stormtroopers, as he wanted the organization to bring together individuals from all levels of society. In its early years, Hitler was more concerned with votes and finances than consistent ideology, and consequently did his best to ease and hasten the process for new members. As a result, Hitler made various assurances to its new and prospective members, stating the movement had room for republicans and monarchists alike and leading them to believe he intended to restore the monarchy.
. Goebbels made a concerted effort to gain the prince's help, and gave him a position in the newly created Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda
. By April 1933, Friedrich Christian was both an upper privy councillor and Goebbels' adjutant
. In May of that year, the prince arranged for the Minister's involvement in the Berlin University book burning. In 1938, the prince was sent to Sweden
to drum up support for the German government; as is evident from photographs and diaries during that time, Hitler and Goebbels both held Friedrich Christian in high esteem.
As the war
continued with German military defeats, Hitler became increasingly more suspicious of these high-ranking and cosmopolitan members of royal and noble families, questioning their loyalties. By 1943 he secretly ordered all branches of the Nazi bureaucracies to compile a record of members with "international contacts" (often by way of a spouse), and then personally made the decision as to whether they should be "retired" or allowed to stay. Most of the princes were unwillingly booted out of the party as a result. Goebbels attempted to protect Friedrich Christian from these new demands by trying to obtain a special waiver; Hitler's secretary had doubts about the prince however and refused the request. Goebbels thus had to go to Hitler directly and ask for the prince's "future deployment in the Propaganda Ministry", vouching that he was "the holder of the golden badge of honor and a trusted National Socialist"; In January 1944, Hitler relented by declaring his May 1943 decree did not apply to the prince, thus allowing Friedrich Christian to continue his service to the party. Unlike other Nazi-associated royalty, Friedrich Christian retained his post until 17 July 1944, when he also relinquished his commission in the SA.
Although he was from one of Germany's wealthiest noble families and resided in a villa near Bonn
with several servants, Friedrich Christian associated himself with the left wing of the Nazi party, stressing socialist elements in his speeches and writings.
when Germany took control of their country, as they hoped would happen in order to win Iceland's independence from Denmark
. Friedrich Christian treated this as a realistic prospect and brought it to the attention of Joseph Goebbels
. In his 1952 autobiography, Zwischen Krone und Kerker, the prince recalled that Goebbels had reacted favorably to the idea, but Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop
did not.
, Prince Philipp of Hesse, and Hereditary Prince Ernst of Lippe) were brought under arrest to the war crimes jail at Nuremberg
in order to appear as witnesses in a portion of the 16 trials of high-ranking Nazi criminals. Viewed as an "old-line party member" who made propaganda excursions to many foreign countries on Goebbels' behalf, Friedrich Christian was the last of the four to testify.
Friedrich Christian had an unwavering adherence to Nazi ideology (both the National Socialist and racist aspects), something that was unchanged even after the German regime fell in 1945. Consequently, like his distant cousin and fellow Nazi party member Princess Marie Adelheid of Lippe-Biesterfeld
, Friedrich Christian was outspoken in his defense of the Third Reich. He wrote numerous books and articles on the subject, including Zwischen Krone und Kerker (Wiesbaden, 1952) and Souveräne Menschen. Kleine Lebensregeln, grossgeschrieben (Druffel, Leonie am Starnberger See 1955, 1962).
Both in his works and direct overtures to the press, Friedrich Christian gave detailed accounts of his time in the Nazi party. In 1963 for instance, he claimed that Hitler refused to shave his famous mustache because people would think he was "sick". He said his wife Alexandra commented to Hitler that "his haircut and little mustache were always openings for cartoonists", but that Hitler replied "one shouldn't change a company's trademark, even if one doesn't like it any longer. The public has become so used to it over the years that it would rebel if he suddenly looked completely different."
Alexandra died on 9 September 1961. A year later (on 15 October 1962), Friedrich Christian married a second time to Princess Marie Louise, eldest child of Prince Albrecht of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
; it was the second marriage for both of them. They had no children, and the princess died on 29 December 1969.
Friedrich married a third and final time to Helene Mayr on 6 March 1971.
Princess Marie Anne of Saxe-Altenburg
Princess Marie Anne of Saxe-Altenburg was the consort of Georg, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe. As the eldest daughter of Prince Moritz of Saxe-Altenburg and his wife Princess Augusta of Saxe-Meiningen, and a sister of Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, Marie Anne was a member of the Ducal House of...
.
Unhappy and disillusioned with the state of Germany after World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, Friedrich Christian turned to the Nazi Party as a solution for the country's ills. As an ardent Party supporter, he worked vigorously to gain noble and royal support for it, and eventually became an upper privy councillor and Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels
Joseph Goebbels
Paul Joseph Goebbels was a German politician and Reich Minister of Propaganda in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. As one of Adolf Hitler's closest associates and most devout followers, he was known for his zealous oratory and anti-Semitism...
' adjutant
Adjutant
Adjutant is a military rank or appointment. In some armies, including most English-speaking ones, it is an officer who assists a more senior officer, while in other armies, especially Francophone ones, it is an NCO , normally corresponding roughly to a Staff Sergeant or Warrant Officer.An Adjutant...
.
After World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, the prince devoted his writings to defending the record of the Third Reich, producing such works as Was Hitler Really a Dictator? (a personal account of the German leader) and "Als die goldne Abendsonne..." Aus meinen Tagebüchern der Jahre 1933–1937 (the prince's personal diaries).
Family and early life
Prince Friedrich Christian of Schaumburg-Lippe was the eighth and youngest son of Georg, the reigning Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe, and his consort Princess Marie Anne of Saxe-AltenburgPrincess Marie Anne of Saxe-Altenburg
Princess Marie Anne of Saxe-Altenburg was the consort of Georg, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe. As the eldest daughter of Prince Moritz of Saxe-Altenburg and his wife Princess Augusta of Saxe-Meiningen, and a sister of Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, Marie Anne was a member of the Ducal House of...
. During the German Revolution of 1918–19, Friedrich's brother Adolf II
Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe was the last ruler of the small Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe.-Biography:...
was the "last German prince forced to abdicate... With regard to his property, the prince [Adolf II] and the small state divided it half and half. Enough money therefore remained for him to throw full handfuls out the window." As a consequence of this compromise, and the fact that the family's wealth historically came from land and investments in Eastern Europe, the Schaumburg-Lippes were decidedly better off than many other royal families - they were even allowed to maintain their residence at Schloss Bückeburg
Bückeburg
Bückeburg is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany, on the border with North Rhine Westphalia. It was once the capital of the tiny principality of Schaumburg-Lippe and is today located in the district of Schaumburg close to the northern slopes of the Weserbergland ridge...
.
Background
Like much of Germany during that period, Prince Friedrich Christian had felt disillusioned and disgusted by the abdication and flight of Emperor Wilhelm at the end of World War IWorld War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, and had felt even more unhappy over what he viewed as the "cowardly abdications" of the German princes to the revolutionaries in 1918. Under the Weimar regime
Weimar Republic
The Weimar Republic is the name given by historians to the parliamentary republic established in 1919 in Germany to replace the imperial form of government...
, many of these same princes "abandoned ancient principles of honor and fidelity and accommodated themselves to the egotistical, materialist values of the despised" new government, to Friedrich Christian's further disgust and anger. The prince wished for a restoration of the monarchy, but for it to be unlike anything it had been before; he believed that Hitler was also in tandem with these views, writing in his diary, "Hitler was in principle for the monarchy, but not for the continuation of that which, in his opinion, had failed totally." Friedrich Christian wrote in his 1934 work Der Adel ist tot - es lebe der Adel:
"The German nobility miserably missed its last opportunity to demonstrate its right to exist. Exceptions here only prove the rule. The question the people puts to you today is harsh and clear: Where were you noble gentlemen when Germany was in its last throes?... Where did you fight, and what sacrifices did you make? You thought of yourselves and of the welfare of your families. Maybe you lamented the wretchedness of the people, maybe it distressed you, but you did nothing! Nothing! And you still dare today to claim a leadership role"?
By the mid-1920s, Friedrich Christian was fundamentally convinced that those who still treasured the old values of the nobility needed to break down the ancient barriers separating them from the common people, reach out to the masses, and side with the National Socialists and their message. The prince "liked to think of his own class as an 'avant-garde
Avant-garde
Avant-garde means "advance guard" or "vanguard". The adjective form is used in English to refer to people or works that are experimental or innovative, particularly with respect to art, culture, and politics....
' of National Socialism" and of the "National Socialists as true heirs of the old nobility."
Unlike many other royalty during that time, who were cautious at first of showing support to the new ideological movement, Friedrich Christian, like his brother Prince Stephan, was an early supporter of the Nazi party, officially joining the rising political group in 1929; another source however has the prince actually working with the Nazis as early as August 1928 after a relative, Hereditary Prince Ernst of Lippe, had joined three months earlier. The House of Schaumburg-Lippe
Schaumburg-Lippe
Schaumburg-Lippe was until 1946 a small state in Germany, located in the present day state of Lower Saxony, with its capital at Bückeburg.- History :...
would eventually come to have ten members in the Nazi party. Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party , commonly referred to as the Nazi Party). He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and head of state from 1934 to 1945...
wanted these high-ranking members of society for propaganda reasons - the more who joined, the more socially acceptable his new regime would be. Like Friedrich and his brother Prince Wolrad
Wolrad, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
align=right|Ernst Wolrad, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe was a head of the Princely House of Schaumburg-Lippe.-Biography:...
, Hitler appointed many of these new members to the Sturmabteilung
Sturmabteilung
The Sturmabteilung functioned as a paramilitary organization of the National Socialist German Workers' Party . It played a key role in Adolf Hitler's rise to power in the 1920s and 1930s...
as stormtroopers, as he wanted the organization to bring together individuals from all levels of society. In its early years, Hitler was more concerned with votes and finances than consistent ideology, and consequently did his best to ease and hasten the process for new members. As a result, Hitler made various assurances to its new and prospective members, stating the movement had room for republicans and monarchists alike and leading them to believe he intended to restore the monarchy.
Official member
Friedrich Christian was an ardent supporter of the Nazi party, becoming a speaker for the party in 1929, and working vigorously to gain the support of other noble families behind Hitler. He worked closely with Propaganda Minister Joseph GoebbelsJoseph Goebbels
Paul Joseph Goebbels was a German politician and Reich Minister of Propaganda in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. As one of Adolf Hitler's closest associates and most devout followers, he was known for his zealous oratory and anti-Semitism...
. Goebbels made a concerted effort to gain the prince's help, and gave him a position in the newly created Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda
Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda
The Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda was Nazi Germany's ministry that enforced Nazi Party ideology in Germany and regulated its culture and society. Founded on March 13, 1933, by Adolf Hitler's new National Socialist government, the Ministry was headed by Dr...
. By April 1933, Friedrich Christian was both an upper privy councillor and Goebbels' adjutant
Adjutant
Adjutant is a military rank or appointment. In some armies, including most English-speaking ones, it is an officer who assists a more senior officer, while in other armies, especially Francophone ones, it is an NCO , normally corresponding roughly to a Staff Sergeant or Warrant Officer.An Adjutant...
. In May of that year, the prince arranged for the Minister's involvement in the Berlin University book burning. In 1938, the prince was sent to Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
to drum up support for the German government; as is evident from photographs and diaries during that time, Hitler and Goebbels both held Friedrich Christian in high esteem.
As the war
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
continued with German military defeats, Hitler became increasingly more suspicious of these high-ranking and cosmopolitan members of royal and noble families, questioning their loyalties. By 1943 he secretly ordered all branches of the Nazi bureaucracies to compile a record of members with "international contacts" (often by way of a spouse), and then personally made the decision as to whether they should be "retired" or allowed to stay. Most of the princes were unwillingly booted out of the party as a result. Goebbels attempted to protect Friedrich Christian from these new demands by trying to obtain a special waiver; Hitler's secretary had doubts about the prince however and refused the request. Goebbels thus had to go to Hitler directly and ask for the prince's "future deployment in the Propaganda Ministry", vouching that he was "the holder of the golden badge of honor and a trusted National Socialist"; In January 1944, Hitler relented by declaring his May 1943 decree did not apply to the prince, thus allowing Friedrich Christian to continue his service to the party. Unlike other Nazi-associated royalty, Friedrich Christian retained his post until 17 July 1944, when he also relinquished his commission in the SA.
Although he was from one of Germany's wealthiest noble families and resided in a villa near Bonn
Bonn
Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located in the Cologne/Bonn Region, about 25 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was the capital of West Germany from 1949 to 1990 and the official seat of government of united Germany from 1990 to 1999....
with several servants, Friedrich Christian associated himself with the left wing of the Nazi party, stressing socialist elements in his speeches and writings.
King of Iceland
Three Icelandic Nazi sympathizers visited Friedrich Christian in 1939 and asked him to become king of IcelandIceland
Iceland , described as the Republic of Iceland, is a Nordic and European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Iceland also refers to the main island of the country, which contains almost all the population and almost all the land area. The country has a population...
when Germany took control of their country, as they hoped would happen in order to win Iceland's independence from Denmark
Denmark
Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...
. Friedrich Christian treated this as a realistic prospect and brought it to the attention of Joseph Goebbels
Joseph Goebbels
Paul Joseph Goebbels was a German politician and Reich Minister of Propaganda in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. As one of Adolf Hitler's closest associates and most devout followers, he was known for his zealous oratory and anti-Semitism...
. In his 1952 autobiography, Zwischen Krone und Kerker, the prince recalled that Goebbels had reacted favorably to the idea, but Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop
Joachim von Ribbentrop
Ulrich Friedrich Wilhelm Joachim von Ribbentrop was Foreign Minister of Germany from 1938 until 1945. He was later hanged for war crimes after the Nuremberg Trials.-Early life:...
did not.
Later years
In 1947, four German princes (Friedrich Christian, Prince August Wilhelm of PrussiaPrince August Wilhelm of Prussia
Prince August Wilhelm Heinrich Günther Viktor of Prussia , called "Auwi", was the fourth son of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany by his first wife, Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein....
, Prince Philipp of Hesse, and Hereditary Prince Ernst of Lippe) were brought under arrest to the war crimes jail at Nuremberg
Nuremberg
Nuremberg[p] is a city in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia. Situated on the Pegnitz river and the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal, it is located about north of Munich and is Franconia's largest city. The population is 505,664...
in order to appear as witnesses in a portion of the 16 trials of high-ranking Nazi criminals. Viewed as an "old-line party member" who made propaganda excursions to many foreign countries on Goebbels' behalf, Friedrich Christian was the last of the four to testify.
Friedrich Christian had an unwavering adherence to Nazi ideology (both the National Socialist and racist aspects), something that was unchanged even after the German regime fell in 1945. Consequently, like his distant cousin and fellow Nazi party member Princess Marie Adelheid of Lippe-Biesterfeld
Princess Marie Adelheid of Lippe-Biesterfeld
Marie Adelheid of Lippe-Biesterfeld was a daughter of Prince Rudolf of Lippe-Biesterfeld and his wife Princess Luise of Ardeck....
, Friedrich Christian was outspoken in his defense of the Third Reich. He wrote numerous books and articles on the subject, including Zwischen Krone und Kerker (Wiesbaden, 1952) and Souveräne Menschen. Kleine Lebensregeln, grossgeschrieben (Druffel, Leonie am Starnberger See 1955, 1962).
Both in his works and direct overtures to the press, Friedrich Christian gave detailed accounts of his time in the Nazi party. In 1963 for instance, he claimed that Hitler refused to shave his famous mustache because people would think he was "sick". He said his wife Alexandra commented to Hitler that "his haircut and little mustache were always openings for cartoonists", but that Hitler replied "one shouldn't change a company's trademark, even if one doesn't like it any longer. The public has become so used to it over the years that it would rebel if he suddenly looked completely different."
Marriage and issue
In Seelasgen, Friedrich Christian married Countess Alexandra Hedwig Johanna Bertha Marie zu Castell-Rüdenhausen on 25 September 1927. They had three children:- Princess Marie Elisabeth of Schaumburg-Lippe (19 Dec 1928 - 4 Dec 1945)
- Prince Albrecht-Wolfgang of Schaumburg-Lippe (5 Aug 1934)
- Princess Christine of Schaumburg-Lippe (16 Oct 1936)
Alexandra died on 9 September 1961. A year later (on 15 October 1962), Friedrich Christian married a second time to Princess Marie Louise, eldest child of Prince Albrecht of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Prince Albrecht of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Prince Albrecht of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg was the fifth and youngest child of Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg and his wife Princess Adelheid of Schaumburg-Lippe and was a nephew of Christian IX of Denmark...
; it was the second marriage for both of them. They had no children, and the princess died on 29 December 1969.
Friedrich married a third and final time to Helene Mayr on 6 March 1971.
List of works
- "Der Adel ist tot - es lebe der Adel" in Woe war der Adel? (BerlinBerlinBerlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
, 1934). - Deutsche Sozialisten am Werk. Ein sozialistisches Bekenntnis deutscher Männer (Berlin, 1935)
- Gegen eine Welt von Vorurteilen (Reihe: Hirts deutsche Sammlung, 1937)
- Fahnen gegen Fetzen (Berlin, 1938)
- Zwischen Krone und Kerker (Wiesbaden, 1952)
- Souveräne Menschen. Kleine Lebensregeln, grossgeschrieben (Druffel, Leonie am Starnberger See 1955, 1962)
- „Dr. G.“. Ein Porträt des Propagandaministers (Wiesbaden, 1964); (Lizenz für Arndt Kiel 1990)
- Verdammte Pflicht und Schuldigkeit: Weg und Erlebnis 1914-1933 (Leoni am Starnberger See, 1966).
- Damals fing das Neue an. Erlebnisse und Gedanken eines Gefangenen 1945–1948 (PfeifferPfeifferPfeiffer is the surname of several notable people:Scientists* Carl Pfeiffer - One of the founders of orthomolecular psychiatry* Carl Pfeiffer , German malacologist...
, Hannover, 1969) - Sonne im Nebel. Aus eigenen Erlebnissen geschildert, als Beweis gegen den Zufall und für die Ordnung allen Seins {H. F. Kathagen, Witten 1970}
- "Als die goldne Abendsonne..." Aus meinen Tagebüchern der Jahre 1933–1937 (WiesbadenWiesbadenWiesbaden is a city in southwest Germany and the capital of the federal state of Hesse. It has about 275,400 inhabitants, plus approximately 10,000 United States citizens...
, 1971). These are his published diaries. - Ich stehe und falle mit meinem deutschen Volke. Das ist mein Sozialismus!, (1985)
- Was Hitler Really a Dictator? (in English and German), translated by Victor Diodon (Nordwind, 1994). As someone who knew Hitler personally, the prince's work produces a different perspective on the German leader.
Titles and styles
- 5 June 1906 – 20 September 1983: His Serene Highness Prince Friedrich Christian of Schaumburg-Lippe
Ancestry
External links
- An early photograph of Friedrich Christian and his sister Elisabeth
- An Appeal By A German Prince, 1975 One of the prince's works, published by the Holocaust denialHolocaust denialHolocaust denial is the act of denying the genocide of Jews in World War II, usually referred to as the Holocaust. The key claims of Holocaust denial are: the German Nazi government had no official policy or intention of exterminating Jews, Nazi authorities did not use extermination camps and gas...
group the Adelaide InstituteAdelaide InstituteEstablished in 1994, the Adelaide Institute was formed from the former Truth Mission that was established in 1994 by Dr. Gerald Fredrick Töben. The Adelaide Institute is a Holocaust denial group in Australia and is considered to be anti-Semitic by the Australian government's human rights...