Philip, Count Palatine
Encyclopedia
Philip the Contentious (12 November 1503, Heidelberg
– 4 July 1548, Heidelberg), a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty, was a titular Count Palatine of the Rhine and ruling Duke
of Palatinate-Neuburg
from 1505 to 1541.
.
Conflicting with imperial law and the inheritance treaty with the dukes of Bavaria-Munich
, Duke George had attempted to pass his lands of Bavaria-Landshut
to his daughter Elizabeth. This led to the Landshut War of Succession
in 1503, in which the forces of Elizabeth and her husband Rupert were defeated. Elizabeth and Rupert died in quick succession in the fall of 1504. In the Arbitration of Cologne in 1505, Emperor Maximilian I awarded as compensation for the territorial losses, a small state known as Palatinate-Neuburg
(from the territories of Lower Bavaria
) to the two sons of Elizabeth. Philip ruled this territory along his older brother Duke Otto Henry
.
In 1529 he successfully fought the Turks
during the Siege of Vienna
at the head of two regiments and was made a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece
two years later.
On 8 December 1539, Philip visited the court of King Henry VIII of England
with the hope of obtaining the hand of the King's daughter, Mary
. This potential match was part of King Henry's plans of an alliance with the Protestant German Princes against the Emperor. For all his intents and purposes Phillip does seem to have been genuinely drawn to Mary for herself. They met on 17 December in Hertford Castle
where he presented her with a gift and kissed her. Such familiarity gave rise to the belief that the two would wed and the majority of the English court expected a wedding within the coming months. But Henry did not allow this because the Duke was related to Anne of Cleves. Mary showed affection towards the Duke, as she kissed him out of court. The duke was later sent back to his land.strquery=bavaria|title=Preface|last=Gairdner|first=James |coauthors=R. H. Brodie|year=1895|work=Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 14 Part 2: August–December 1539 |pages=I–XLIX|accessdate=2009-10-15|location=British History Online}} The plan did not come to fruition. Phillip however was not deterred and he visited England three more times, but only once more did he get to see Mary.
in the third season of Showtime's The Tudors
.
Heidelberg
-Early history:Between 600,000 and 200,000 years ago, "Heidelberg Man" died at nearby Mauer. His jaw bone was discovered in 1907; with scientific dating, his remains were determined to be the earliest evidence of human life in Europe. In the 5th century BC, a Celtic fortress of refuge and place of...
– 4 July 1548, Heidelberg), a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty, was a titular Count Palatine of the Rhine and ruling Duke
Duke
A duke or duchess is a member of the nobility, historically of highest rank below the monarch, and historically controlling a duchy...
of Palatinate-Neuburg
Palatinate-Neuburg
Palatinate-Neuburg is a former territory of the Holy Roman Empire, founded in 1505. Its capital was Neuburg an der Donau. Its area was about 2,750 km², with a population of some 100,000.-History:...
from 1505 to 1541.
Life
Philip was the youngest son of Elizabeth of Bavaria-Landshut, daughter of George, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut, and Ruprecht, Count Palatine of the Rhine, himself third son of Philip, Elector PalatinePhilip, Elector Palatine
Philip the Upright, Elector Palatine of the Rhine was an Elector Palatine of the Rhine from the house of Wittelsbach from 1476 to 1508....
.
Conflicting with imperial law and the inheritance treaty with the dukes of Bavaria-Munich
Bavaria-Munich
-History:After the death of Stephen II in 1375, his sons Stephen III, Frederick, and John II jointly ruled Bavaria-Landshut. After seventeen years, the brothers decided to formally divide their inheritance. John received Bavaria-Munich, Stephen received Bavaria-Ingolstadt, while Frederick kept...
, Duke George had attempted to pass his lands of Bavaria-Landshut
Bavaria-Landshut
-History:The creation of the duchy was the result of the death of Emperor Louis IV the Bavarian. In the Treaty of Landsberg 1349, which divided up Louis's empire, his sons Stephen, William, and Albert were to receive jointly Lower Bavaria and the Netherlands. Four years later the inheritance was...
to his daughter Elizabeth. This led to the Landshut War of Succession
Landshut War of Succession
The Landshut War of Succession resulted from an agreement between the duchies of Bavaria-Munich and Bavaria-Landshut . The agreement concerned the law of succession when one of the two Dukes should die without a male heir...
in 1503, in which the forces of Elizabeth and her husband Rupert were defeated. Elizabeth and Rupert died in quick succession in the fall of 1504. In the Arbitration of Cologne in 1505, Emperor Maximilian I awarded as compensation for the territorial losses, a small state known as Palatinate-Neuburg
Palatinate-Neuburg
Palatinate-Neuburg is a former territory of the Holy Roman Empire, founded in 1505. Its capital was Neuburg an der Donau. Its area was about 2,750 km², with a population of some 100,000.-History:...
(from the territories of Lower Bavaria
Lower Bavaria
Lower Bavaria is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany, located in the east of the state.- Geography :Lower Bavaria is subdivided into two regions - Landshut and Donau-Wald. Recent election results mark it as the most conservative part of Germany, generally giving huge...
) to the two sons of Elizabeth. Philip ruled this territory along his older brother Duke Otto Henry
Otto Henry, Elector Palatine
Otto-Henry, Elector Palatine, a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty was Count Palatine of Palatinate-Neuburg from 1505 to 1559 and prince elector of the Palatinate from 1556 to 1559...
.
In 1529 he successfully fought the Turks
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
during the Siege of Vienna
Siege of Vienna
The Siege of Vienna in 1529 was the first attempt by the Ottoman Empire, led by Suleiman the Magnificent, to capture the city of Vienna, Austria. The siege signalled the pinnacle of the Ottoman Empire's power, the maximum extent of Ottoman expansion in central Europe, and was the result of a...
at the head of two regiments and was made a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece
Order of the Golden Fleece
The Order of the Golden Fleece is an order of chivalry founded in Bruges by Philip III, Duke of Burgundy in 1430, to celebrate his marriage to the Portuguese princess Infanta Isabella of Portugal, daughter of King John I of Portugal. It evolved as one of the most prestigious orders in Europe...
two years later.
On 8 December 1539, Philip visited the court of King Henry VIII of England
Henry VIII of England
Henry VIII was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was Lord, and later King, of Ireland, as well as continuing the nominal claim by the English monarchs to the Kingdom of France...
with the hope of obtaining the hand of the King's daughter, Mary
Mary I of England
Mary I was queen regnant of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death.She was the only surviving child born of the ill-fated marriage of Henry VIII and his first wife Catherine of Aragon. Her younger half-brother, Edward VI, succeeded Henry in 1547...
. This potential match was part of King Henry's plans of an alliance with the Protestant German Princes against the Emperor. For all his intents and purposes Phillip does seem to have been genuinely drawn to Mary for herself. They met on 17 December in Hertford Castle
Hertford Castle
Hertford Castle was a Norman castle situated by the River Lea in Hertford, the county town of Hertfordshire, England.-Early history:Hertford Castle was built on a site first fortified by Edward the Elder around 911. By the time of the Norman Invasion in 1066, a motte and bailey were on the site...
where he presented her with a gift and kissed her. Such familiarity gave rise to the belief that the two would wed and the majority of the English court expected a wedding within the coming months. But Henry did not allow this because the Duke was related to Anne of Cleves. Mary showed affection towards the Duke, as she kissed him out of court. The duke was later sent back to his land.strquery=bavaria|title=Preface|last=Gairdner|first=James |coauthors=R. H. Brodie|year=1895|work=Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 14 Part 2: August–December 1539 |pages=I–XLIX|accessdate=2009-10-15|location=British History Online}} The plan did not come to fruition. Phillip however was not deterred and he visited England three more times, but only once more did he get to see Mary.
On-screen portrayal
Philip, Count Palatine is portrayed as Duke Philip of Bavaria by Colin O'DonoghueColin O'Donoghue
-Early life:O'Donoghue was born and raised in Drogheda, County Louth, in a Roman Catholic family. He initally attended Dundalk Grammar School, and then the Gaiety School of Acting in Dublin. When he was 16, O'Donoghue went to Paris for a month to learn French....
in the third season of Showtime's The Tudors
The Tudors
The Tudors is a Canadian produced historical fiction television series filmed in Ireland, created by Michael Hirst and produced for the American premium cable television channel Showtime...
.