Persecuted bandurists
Encyclopedia
Many bandurists and kobzars were persecuted by the authorities that controlled Ukraine at various times because of the association of the bandura
to the Cossack past and aspects of Ukrainian history
which the kobzars would glorify in their songs and epics.
Kobzar
s were usually blind musicians
, who were persecuted since the seventeenth-eighteenth century at the times when much of Ukrainian lands were controlled by Poland
. The administration viewed the tradition
as being dangerous because it incited people against its authority. The persecution of these singers continued in varying degrees and by different administrations. In the 1930s the authentic kobzar tradition was finally eliminated by the Soviet authorities.
It is hard to establish the exact number of bandurists who were persecuted in various ways. As more information has been coming to light, the number of musicians who were arrested, interned or executed has continued to rise. It is unmatched in any other folk music or bardic tradition in Europe.
was persecuted by the Polish authorities in the right-bank Ukraine
it initially flourished in the left-bank Ukraine controlled by Russia
.
In 1876 however, with the publication of the Ems Ukaz
stage performances by kobzars and bandurists were officially banned. Paragraph 4 of the decree was specifically aimed at preventing all music, including ethnographic performances in the Ukrainian language
. As a result blind professional musicians such as the kobzars turned to the street for their sustenance. In the major Russian speaking cities they were often treated like common street beggars by the non-Ukrainian population, being arrested and having their instruments destroyed. The restrictions and brutal persecution were only halted in 1902 after a special delegation was sent to the Ministry of Internal Affairs from the Imperial Archaeological Society.
, during the Russian Civil War
. Most of these bandurists were members of the various Ukrainian Armed forces or played for Ukrainian soldiers. Current accounts list some 20 known bandurists who perished in this time period. Few kobzari are included in this list. Few records accurately document the deaths of bandurists from this period.
From 1923 there was a period of tolerance to Ukrainian language and culture existed whilst Soviet power was entrenched in the country.During this time the popularity of the bandura grew considerably and unheeded.
By 1928, restrictions came into force directly affected the lifestyle of the traditional kobzars, and stopped them from traveling without a passport and performing without a license. Restrictions were also placed of accommodations that were not registered and also on manufacturing or making bandura
s without a license.
In July, 1929 many Ukrainian intellectuals were arrested for being members of the Union for the Liberation of Ukraine
.
A number of prominent bandurists disappeared at about this time. Most of these bandurists had taken part in the Revolution of 1918 on the side of the Ukrainian National Republic. With the prosecution of the members of the organization for the Liberation of Ukraine a number of bandurists and also people who had helped organize bandura ensembles were included.
Some were arrested and sent to camps in Siberia. Others were sent to dig the White Sea Canal. Some bandurists were able to escape from these camps. In the 1930s there was also a wave of arrests of bandurists in the Kuban. Many of these arrested bandurists received relatively light sentences of 5–10 years camp detentions or exile usually in Siberia.
In the 1930s the authentic kobzar
tradition of wandering musicians in Ukraine came to an end.
In 1978 evidence came to light (Solomon Volkov
's Testimony: The Memoirs of Shostakovych and Leonid Plyushch
's History's Carnival) (1978) about the mass murder of the Ukrainian blind musicians by the Soviet authorities. Previous mentions of such a tragedy date back to 1981 in the writings of dissident Ukrainian poet Mykola Horbach.
According to a widespread version, the musicians were gathered under the guise of an ethnographic conference and then mass-executed. Various versions give different times for the conference and location. The confusion is exacerbated by the fact that little differentiation is made between the kobzari and bandurists and lirnyky. Archival documents attesting to the organisation of such a conference have been found which were affirmed by bandurist Mykhailo Polotay who had been one of the instigators and organisers of the conference. Although no documents directly attesting to the mass-execution of the kobzari has been found to date, we do have a significant list of kobzari and bandurists who died or disappeared at this time.
By one of the versions the conference was organized near Kharkiv
in December 1933, where 300 (c.50) blind kobzars and (c.250) lirnyks were gathered near the then Ukrainian capital of Kharkiv
and left to die of exposure in a gully outside of the city limits. The location of this atrocity has recently been discovered on the territory of recreation building owned by the KGB
(or the NKVD
) in the area of Piatykhatky, Kharkiv Oblast. A monument has also been erected in the centre of Kharkiv
to mark this tragic event.
In this period, documents attest to the fact that a large number of non-blind bandurists were also arrested at this time, however they received relatively light sentences of 2–5 years in penal colonies or exile.
In January 1934, the Ukrainian government decreed that the capital of the republic would move to Kiev. As all government departments were moved, many government organizations did not work correctly or efficiently for significant periods of time. In the move, many documents were lost and misplaced.
From January theartists of the state funded Bandurist Capellas stopped being paid for their work. By October without receiving any pay, the state funded Bandurist Capellas stopped functioning. In December a wave of repressions against Ukrainian intellectuals also resulted in 65 Ukrainian writers being arrested.
Throughout the 1930s bandurists were constantly being arrested and taken off for questioning which may have lasted some months. Many were constantly harassed by the authorities. Whereas in the early 1930s those incriminated received relatively light sentences of 2–5 years the period, starting with 1937-38 the sentences were often fatal and immediate - death by shooting.
In 1937-38 large numbers of bandurists were executed. Documents have survived of the many individual executions of bandurists and kobzars of this period.
So far the documentation of 41 bandurists sentenced to be shot have been found with documents attesting to approximately 100 receiving sentences of between 10–17 years.
Often those that were arrested were often tortured to obtain a confession. Sentences were pronounced by a Troika
and was dealt out swiftly within hours or days of the hearing. The families of those that were executed were often told that the bandurist had been sent to a camp without the right to correspond.
s also either died or disappeared under strange and unexplained circumstances. Some had accidents (Singalevych, Kukhta, Konyk). A significant number (approximately 30-50) of bandurists were also deported to Siberia from Western Ukraine. By the 1960s, total Communist Party
control of the bandura art was achieved. A period of feminisation of the bandura took place where males were not accepted into conservatory courses to study the bandura. The repertoire of those that played the bandura underwent a major change from history songs and epices to romantic love and lyric works and transcriptions of classical piano works.
who was executed in the tragic Babi Yar
massacre in Kiev in February 1942.
Soviet sources tried attribute the deaths of numerous kobzars such as I. Kucherenko to the German-Nazi occupation. Recent documents have disproved most of these versions of their deaths.
Bandura
Bandura refers to a Ukrainian plucked string folk instrument. It combines elements of a box zither and lute, as well as its lute-like predecessor, the kobza...
to the Cossack past and aspects of Ukrainian history
History of Ukraine
The territory of Ukraine was a key center of East Slavic culture in the Middle Ages, before being divided between a variety of powers. However, the history of Ukraine dates back many thousands of years. The territory has been settled continuously since at least 5000 BC, and is also a candidate site...
which the kobzars would glorify in their songs and epics.
Kobzar
Kobzar
A Kobzar was an itinerant Ukrainian bard who sang to his own accompaniment.-Tradition:Kobzars were often blind, and became predominantly so by the 1800s...
s were usually blind musicians
Blind musicians
Blind musicians are singers or instrumentalists, or in some cases singer-accompanists, who are legally blind.- Resources :Historically, many blind musicians, including some of the most famous, have performed without the benefit of formal instruction, since such instruction relies extensively on...
, who were persecuted since the seventeenth-eighteenth century at the times when much of Ukrainian lands were controlled by Poland
History of Poland (1569–1795)
The Nihil novi act adopted by the Polish Diet in 1505 transferred all legislative power from the king to the Diet. This event marked the beginning of the period known as "Nobles' Democracy" or "Nobles' Commonwealth" when the state was ruled by the "free and equal" Polish nobility...
. The administration viewed the tradition
Kobzarstvo
Kobzarstvo in the wider definition, is the art and related culture of singing to the accompaniment of the Ukrainian folk instruments known as the bandura, kobza and the Ukrainian hurdy-gurdy whom as the lira....
as being dangerous because it incited people against its authority. The persecution of these singers continued in varying degrees and by different administrations. In the 1930s the authentic kobzar tradition was finally eliminated by the Soviet authorities.
It is hard to establish the exact number of bandurists who were persecuted in various ways. As more information has been coming to light, the number of musicians who were arrested, interned or executed has continued to rise. It is unmatched in any other folk music or bardic tradition in Europe.
Polish persecution
Initially bandurists from Ukrainian were popular in the courts of Polish kings, however after the revolution of 1648 interest in Ukrainian bandura music in Poland dissipated. There are accounts of blind bandurists in Right bank Ukraine being skinned alive or quartered because of their participation in various insurrections.Russian tsarist persecution
While kobzarstvoKobzarstvo
Kobzarstvo in the wider definition, is the art and related culture of singing to the accompaniment of the Ukrainian folk instruments known as the bandura, kobza and the Ukrainian hurdy-gurdy whom as the lira....
was persecuted by the Polish authorities in the right-bank Ukraine
Right-bank Ukraine
Right-bank Ukraine , a historical name of a part of Ukraine on the right bank of the Dnieper River, corresponding with modern-day oblasts of Volyn, Rivne, Vinnitsa, Zhytomyr, Kirovohrad and Kiev, as well as part of Cherkasy and Ternopil...
it initially flourished in the left-bank Ukraine controlled by Russia
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
.
In 1876 however, with the publication of the Ems Ukaz
Ems Ukaz
The Ems Ukaz, or Ems Ukase , was a secret decree of Tsar Alexander II of Russia issued in 1876, banning the use of the Ukrainian language in print, with the exception of reprinting of old documents. The ukaz also forbade the import of Ukrainian publications and the staging of plays or lectures in...
stage performances by kobzars and bandurists were officially banned. Paragraph 4 of the decree was specifically aimed at preventing all music, including ethnographic performances in the Ukrainian language
Ukrainian language
Ukrainian is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. It is the official state language of Ukraine. Written Ukrainian uses a variant of the Cyrillic alphabet....
. As a result blind professional musicians such as the kobzars turned to the street for their sustenance. In the major Russian speaking cities they were often treated like common street beggars by the non-Ukrainian population, being arrested and having their instruments destroyed. The restrictions and brutal persecution were only halted in 1902 after a special delegation was sent to the Ministry of Internal Affairs from the Imperial Archaeological Society.
Persecution under the Soviets
Persecution of bandurists and kobzari by the Soviet authorities can be divided up into various periods. These periods differed in the type and length of persecution and punishments were dealt out and also the reason for the punishment.- 1918-20 period of establishing Soviet power
- 1928-30 period and the Union for the Liberation of UkraineUnion for the Liberation of UkraineThe Union for the Liberation of Ukraine was an organization to gain the independence of Ukraine in the early 1920s. As the armed struggle against the Bolshevists approached an end, members of the Ukrainian intelligentsia recognized the need for continued struggle...
. - 1932-34 period - The HolodomorHolodomorThe Holodomor was a man-made famine in the Ukrainian SSR between 1932 and 1933. During the famine, which is also known as the "terror-famine in Ukraine" and "famine-genocide in Ukraine", millions of Ukrainians died of starvation in a peacetime catastrophe unprecedented in the history of...
- 1937-38 period - Yezhovshchyna
- 1943-48 period - Post war retribution
- 1950 - Western Ukrainian deportations
The Revolution and the establishment of Soviet power
In 1918-20 a number of bandurists were shot by Bolsheviks after the October RevolutionOctober Revolution
The October Revolution , also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution , Red October, the October Uprising or the Bolshevik Revolution, was a political revolution and a part of the Russian Revolution of 1917...
, during the Russian Civil War
Russian Civil War
The Russian Civil War was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed to the Soviets, under the domination of the Bolshevik party. Soviet forces first assumed power in Petrograd The Russian Civil War (1917–1923) was a...
. Most of these bandurists were members of the various Ukrainian Armed forces or played for Ukrainian soldiers. Current accounts list some 20 known bandurists who perished in this time period. Few kobzari are included in this list. Few records accurately document the deaths of bandurists from this period.
From 1923 there was a period of tolerance to Ukrainian language and culture existed whilst Soviet power was entrenched in the country.During this time the popularity of the bandura grew considerably and unheeded.
1928 and the Union for the Liberation of Ukraine
In 1926 the Communist party began to fight against nationalist aberrations within the Communist party. In 1927 the Central Committee decreed that Russian was a special language within the Soviet Union.By 1928, restrictions came into force directly affected the lifestyle of the traditional kobzars, and stopped them from traveling without a passport and performing without a license. Restrictions were also placed of accommodations that were not registered and also on manufacturing or making bandura
Bandura
Bandura refers to a Ukrainian plucked string folk instrument. It combines elements of a box zither and lute, as well as its lute-like predecessor, the kobza...
s without a license.
In July, 1929 many Ukrainian intellectuals were arrested for being members of the Union for the Liberation of Ukraine
Union for the Liberation of Ukraine
The Union for the Liberation of Ukraine was an organization to gain the independence of Ukraine in the early 1920s. As the armed struggle against the Bolshevists approached an end, members of the Ukrainian intelligentsia recognized the need for continued struggle...
.
A number of prominent bandurists disappeared at about this time. Most of these bandurists had taken part in the Revolution of 1918 on the side of the Ukrainian National Republic. With the prosecution of the members of the organization for the Liberation of Ukraine a number of bandurists and also people who had helped organize bandura ensembles were included.
Some were arrested and sent to camps in Siberia. Others were sent to dig the White Sea Canal. Some bandurists were able to escape from these camps. In the 1930s there was also a wave of arrests of bandurists in the Kuban. Many of these arrested bandurists received relatively light sentences of 5–10 years camp detentions or exile usually in Siberia.
1932-1934. The end of Ukrainization
Kobzar
A Kobzar was an itinerant Ukrainian bard who sang to his own accompaniment.-Tradition:Kobzars were often blind, and became predominantly so by the 1800s...
tradition of wandering musicians in Ukraine came to an end.
In 1978 evidence came to light (Solomon Volkov
Solomon Volkov
Solomon Moiseyevich Volkov is a Russian journalist and musicologist. He is best known for Testimony, which was published in 1979 following his emigration from the Soviet Union in 1976...
's Testimony: The Memoirs of Shostakovych and Leonid Plyushch
Leonid Plyushch
Leonid Plyushch is a mathematician and Soviet dissident.- Early life and career :Leonid Plyushch was born into a Ukrainian working-class family in 1939 in Naryn, Kirghizia. His father worked as railway foreman, and was killed at the front 1941...
's History's Carnival) (1978) about the mass murder of the Ukrainian blind musicians by the Soviet authorities. Previous mentions of such a tragedy date back to 1981 in the writings of dissident Ukrainian poet Mykola Horbach.
According to a widespread version, the musicians were gathered under the guise of an ethnographic conference and then mass-executed. Various versions give different times for the conference and location. The confusion is exacerbated by the fact that little differentiation is made between the kobzari and bandurists and lirnyky. Archival documents attesting to the organisation of such a conference have been found which were affirmed by bandurist Mykhailo Polotay who had been one of the instigators and organisers of the conference. Although no documents directly attesting to the mass-execution of the kobzari has been found to date, we do have a significant list of kobzari and bandurists who died or disappeared at this time.
By one of the versions the conference was organized near Kharkiv
Kharkiv
Kharkiv or Kharkov is the second-largest city in Ukraine.The city was founded in 1654 and was a major centre of Ukrainian culture in the Russian Empire. Kharkiv became the first city in Ukraine where the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed in December 1917 and Soviet government was...
in December 1933, where 300 (c.50) blind kobzars and (c.250) lirnyks were gathered near the then Ukrainian capital of Kharkiv
Kharkiv
Kharkiv or Kharkov is the second-largest city in Ukraine.The city was founded in 1654 and was a major centre of Ukrainian culture in the Russian Empire. Kharkiv became the first city in Ukraine where the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed in December 1917 and Soviet government was...
and left to die of exposure in a gully outside of the city limits. The location of this atrocity has recently been discovered on the territory of recreation building owned by the KGB
KGB
The KGB was the commonly used acronym for the . It was the national security agency of the Soviet Union from 1954 until 1991, and was the premier internal security, intelligence, and secret police organization during that time.The State Security Agency of the Republic of Belarus currently uses the...
(or the NKVD
NKVD
The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs was the public and secret police organization of the Soviet Union that directly executed the rule of power of the Soviets, including political repression, during the era of Joseph Stalin....
) in the area of Piatykhatky, Kharkiv Oblast. A monument has also been erected in the centre of Kharkiv
Kharkiv
Kharkiv or Kharkov is the second-largest city in Ukraine.The city was founded in 1654 and was a major centre of Ukrainian culture in the Russian Empire. Kharkiv became the first city in Ukraine where the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed in December 1917 and Soviet government was...
to mark this tragic event.
In this period, documents attest to the fact that a large number of non-blind bandurists were also arrested at this time, however they received relatively light sentences of 2–5 years in penal colonies or exile.
In January 1934, the Ukrainian government decreed that the capital of the republic would move to Kiev. As all government departments were moved, many government organizations did not work correctly or efficiently for significant periods of time. In the move, many documents were lost and misplaced.
From January theartists of the state funded Bandurist Capellas stopped being paid for their work. By October without receiving any pay, the state funded Bandurist Capellas stopped functioning. In December a wave of repressions against Ukrainian intellectuals also resulted in 65 Ukrainian writers being arrested.
1937-1938. Yezhovshchyna
In 1937-38 large numbers of bandurists were executed. Documents have survived of the many individual executions of bandurists and kobzars of this period.
So far the documentation of 41 bandurists sentenced to be shot have been found with documents attesting to approximately 100 receiving sentences of between 10–17 years.
Often those that were arrested were often tortured to obtain a confession. Sentences were pronounced by a Troika
Troika
The general meaning of the Russian and Bulgarian word troika is three of a kind, a collection of three or simply the number three. It may also mean:-Politics:* Troika of judges or political leaders...
and was dealt out swiftly within hours or days of the hearing. The families of those that were executed were often told that the bandurist had been sent to a camp without the right to correspond.
Post WWII persecution
In the 1950s, a number of banduristBandurist
A bandurist is a person who plays the Ukrainian plucked string instrument known as the bandura.-Types of performers:There are a number of different types of bandurist who differ in their paricular choice of instrument, the specific repertoire they play and manner in which they approach their...
s also either died or disappeared under strange and unexplained circumstances. Some had accidents (Singalevych, Kukhta, Konyk). A significant number (approximately 30-50) of bandurists were also deported to Siberia from Western Ukraine. By the 1960s, total Communist Party
Communist party
A political party described as a Communist party includes those that advocate the application of the social principles of communism through a communist form of government...
control of the bandura art was achieved. A period of feminisation of the bandura took place where males were not accepted into conservatory courses to study the bandura. The repertoire of those that played the bandura underwent a major change from history songs and epices to romantic love and lyric works and transcriptions of classical piano works.
Nazi persecution
Most accounts of Nazi persecution of kobzars and bandurists were Soviet fabrications, however a number of prominent bandurist did die at the hands of the Nazis. One notable bandurist was Mykhailo TelihaMykhailo Teliha
Mykhailo Pavlovych Teliha Mykhailo Teliha was an active Ukrainian community leader and distinguished musician. He was born in the Akhtyrka Stanitsa in the Kuban. It is here that he first became interested in playing the bandura in 1913...
who was executed in the tragic Babi Yar
Babi Yar
Babi Yar is a ravine in the Ukrainian capital Kiev and a site of a series of massacres carried out by the Nazis during their campaign against the Soviet Union. The most notorious and the best documented of these massacres took place on September 29–30, 1941, wherein 33,771 Jews were killed in a...
massacre in Kiev in February 1942.
Soviet sources tried attribute the deaths of numerous kobzars such as I. Kucherenko to the German-Nazi occupation. Recent documents have disproved most of these versions of their deaths.
A
- Andriychyk, Hryhoriy - member of Kiev Bandurist CapellaKiev Bandurist CapellaThe Kiev Bandurist Capella is a male vocal-instrumental ensemble that accompanies its singing with the playing of the multi-stringed Ukrainian folk instrument known as the bandura....
arrested in 1937, shot in 1938. - Andrusenko, Mykhailo - director of the Kryvorih Bandurist Capella - arrested in 1937.
B
- Babych, Andriyan - sentenced to be shot in 1937.
- Balatsky, Dmytro - director of Kiev Bandurist Capella - arrested October 1938. 5 years exile to Kazakstan - rehabilitated 13/7/1956.
- Bartashevsky, Yuri - director of Kiev Children's Bandurist Capella.
- Bashtovyj, Davyd - sentenced to be shot in 1938.
- Bayda-Sukhovyj Danylo - arrested in 1937.
- Bazhul, Hryhoriy - student of Hnat KhotkevychHnat KhotkevychHnat Martynovych Khotkevych December 31, 1877 in Kharkiv, Russian Empire – October 8, 1938 in Kharkiv, in the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union) was a Ukrainian writer, ethnographer, playwright, composer, musicologist, and bandurist....
; spent 2 years in a forced labour camp and 2 years in exile. - Betz-Kharchenko, S.
- Bezchasnyj, Konon - (1884–1967) - Kuban bandurist; repressed and arrested in 1937.
- Bezpalyj, Ihnat - sentenced to be shot in 1937.
- Bohuslavsky, Mykola - funded Bandurist groups in the KubanKubanKuban is a geographic region of Southern Russia surrounding the Kuban River, on the Black Sea between the Don Steppe, Volga Delta and the Caucasus...
'. Arrested, believed to have been shot. - Boretz, Ivan - member of the Kiev, Kharkiv and later Poltava Bandurist CapellaPoltava Bandurist CapellaThe Poltava Bandurist Capella was vocal-instrumental ensemble who accompanied themselves on the multi-stringed Ukrainian bandura. It was initially established in February 1925, based on a male church choir who sang in the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Cathedral in Poltava under the direction of...
s. Director of the Horiv Bandura Ensemble - arrested on September 21, 1937 and shot on November 11, 1937. Rehabilitated on December 9, 1957. - Borodai, Oleksander - an AmericanUnited StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
citizen who returned to UkraineUkraineUkraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
. Arrested in 1919 and shot. - But, Ivan -
C
- Chernihivetz, Tymofiy - Arrested 30/10/1937 – 10 years hard labour. Rehabilitated 27/11/56.
- Chumak, Nykyfor - arrested in 1931 – 3 years exile. Arrested again on March 30, 1937 and sentenced to death. Shot on March 23, 1938 at 23.00.
- Chumak, I - Director of the MyrhorodMyrhorodMyrhorod or Mirgorod is a city in the Poltava Oblast of central Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of the Myrhorodskyi Raion , the city itself is also designated as a separate raion within the oblast, and is located on the river Khorol.-History:The town was founded either in the 12th...
Bandura Ensemble.
D
- Danylevsky, Borys Ivanovych - arrested on April 22, 1938, shot on July 29, 1938.
- Deineka, Karpo - (b. 1897) from KonotopKonotopKonotop is a city in northern Ukraine within the Sumy Oblast. Konotop is the center of the Konotop Raion , and is located about 129 km from Sumy, the Oblast capital. It is host to Konotop air base.-History:...
. - Derhiy, O. -
- Diadurenko, Trohkym - sentenced to be shot in 1938.
- Dibrova, Fedir - member of Kuban Bandura Group - shot in 1919.
- Demchenko, Mykola - (b. 1873) originally from Kharkiv OblastKharkiv OblastKharkiv Oblast is an oblast in eastern Ukraine. The oblast borders Russia to the north, Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the south-east, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the south-west, Poltava Oblast to the west and Sumy Oblast to the north-west...
- Domontovych, Mykhailo - shot ca. 1928.
- Doroshko, Fedir Vasylievych - arrested in 1918 for counter-revolutionary agitation, arrested in 1937, shot in 1938.
- Drevchenko, PetroPetro DrevchenkoPetro Semenovych Drevchenko was also known by the surname of Drevkin and Drygavka.-Biography:Drevchenko was born in 1863 in the Poltava Governorate of the Russian Empire to a family of servants. From the age of 12 he lived in Kharkiv, in the area of Zalutin. At the age of 13 he came down with...
- (b.1871) kobzar, died in 1934. - Dumenko, Luka - kobzar.
- Dziubenko, Oleksiy - arrested on October 19, 1937.
H
- Halynsky-Lopata, Ivan - arrested in 1938, sentenced to be shot and commuted to 12 years in labour camps in KareliaKareliaKarelia , the land of the Karelian peoples, is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for Finland, Russia, and Sweden...
. - Hamaliya, Oleksander - shot in Kiev in 1920 .
- Hashchenko, Pavlo - kobzar.
- Hasiuk, Oleh - given 25 years of incarceration in the city of Inti Komi ARSR from 1949. Rehabilitated in 1956. Originally from the city of LvivLvivLviv is a city in western Ukraine. The city is regarded as one of the main cultural centres of today's Ukraine and historically has also been a major Polish and Jewish cultural center, as Poles and Jews were the two main ethnicities of the city until the outbreak of World War II and the following...
. - Herashchenko, Oles' - Student of Hnat KhotkevychHnat KhotkevychHnat Martynovych Khotkevych December 31, 1877 in Kharkiv, Russian Empire – October 8, 1938 in Kharkiv, in the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union) was a Ukrainian writer, ethnographer, playwright, composer, musicologist, and bandurist....
. Arrested 1932. - Herasymenko, Vasyl' - 2 years incarceration.
- Hlushak, Nykyfor Ivanovych - (b. 1890) Arrested in 1931. Arrested again in 1937 and sentenced to 10 years of hard labour.
- Hlushko, Fedir - director of the Kharkiv Bandurist Capella - Arrested 1937.
- Hlushko, Konstiantyn - sentenced to be shot in 1938.
- Hnylokvas, Semen - arrested in 1938. Arrested again during the German occupation. Arrested again by the Soviets in 1948 and spent time in the very same cell as before. Spent 10 years in camps in MordoviaMordoviaThe Republic of Mordovia , also known as Mordvinia, is a federal subject of Russia . Its capital is the city of Saransk. Population: -Geography:The republic is located in the eastern part of the East European Plain of Russia...
, later released. Performed in Kiev in 1981. - Honcharenko, V.
- Hubenko, Mykhailo - (b. 1891) from MyrhorodMyrhorodMyrhorod or Mirgorod is a city in the Poltava Oblast of central Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of the Myrhorodskyi Raion , the city itself is also designated as a separate raion within the oblast, and is located on the river Khorol.-History:The town was founded either in the 12th...
. - Hura, (Hurin) Petro Ivanovych - originally from PoltavaPoltavaPoltava is a city in located on the Vorskla River in central Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Poltava Oblast , as well as the surrounding Poltava Raion of the oblast. Poltava's estimated population is 298,652 ....
lived in Yuzivka. Disappeared. - Huzij, Petro Ivanovych (1903–37) Kuban bandurist and a bandura maker. Arrested on December 1, 1937. Sentenced to death and shot on December 23, 1937.
K
- Kabachok, VolodymyrVolodymyr KabachokVolodymyr Andryievych Kabachok was a bandura player in the Ukraine.-Biography:Born in the village of Petrivka, in the Poltava region, Kabachok became a singer in the Archbishop's choir in Poltava until 1907 when he entered the Poltava music college.Kabachok continued his music education at the...
- arrested 1934 – 3 months incarceration, arrested August 1937. Sentenced to 10 years hard labour. - Kashuba, Josyp - member of the Kiev Bandurist Capella and later the Kharkiv Bandurist Capella.
- Khotkevych, HnatHnat KhotkevychHnat Martynovych Khotkevych December 31, 1877 in Kharkiv, Russian Empire – October 8, 1938 in Kharkiv, in the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union) was a Ukrainian writer, ethnographer, playwright, composer, musicologist, and bandurist....
- Sentenced to be shot on September 29, 1938 and rehabilitated on May 11, 1956. - Khrystenko, Makar - (b 1870) from DnipropetrovskDnipropetrovskDnipropetrovsk or Dnepropetrovsk formerly Yekaterinoslav is Ukraine's third largest city with one million inhabitants. It is located southeast of Ukraine's capital Kiev on the Dnieper River, in the south-central region of the country...
. - Khudoriavyj, P.
- Knysh, H.
- Kolesnyk, Panteleimon - sentence to be shot.
- Kolodub
- Kononenko, Andriy - arrested in 1938. Member of Poltava Bandurist CapellaPoltava Bandurist CapellaThe Poltava Bandurist Capella was vocal-instrumental ensemble who accompanied themselves on the multi-stringed Ukrainian bandura. It was initially established in February 1925, based on a male church choir who sang in the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Cathedral in Poltava under the direction of...
. - Kononenko, Pylyp Petrovych- Member of Poltava Kapela, Kharkiv Capella, and Konotop Capella. (Possibly mixed up with Andriy?)
- Konoplich, Kindrat - (b. 1900) member of Kiev Bandurist Capella
- Kopan, Heorhiy - Arrested in 1930. Protested the censorship of Ukrainian songs. Arrested in 1936. Arrested again on March 19, 1938 and shot on March 28, 1938.
- Koretskiy, A.
- Kornievsky, Oleksander - 10 years incarceration, 15 years exile.
- Korobka, P.
- Kotelevetz, Josyp
- Krasniak, Marko - sentenced to be shot in 1938.
- Kravchenko, Danylo S.- arrested 1938 sent to KolymaKolymaThe Kolyma region is located in the far north-eastern area of Russia in what is commonly known as Siberia but is actually part of the Russian Far East. It is bounded by the East Siberian Sea and the Arctic Ocean in the north and the Sea of Okhotsk to the south...
, later released. Member of the Veresai Bandura Quintet. - Krutko, Mykola - arrested on February 1, 1938 and sentenced to be shot in the same year. Rehabilitated on March 12, 1959.
- Kryuzhkovenko, - sent to SiberiaSiberiaSiberia is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th...
in 1917. - Kucherenko, IvanIvan Kuchuhura KucherenkoIvan Iovych Kuchuhura-Kucherenko Ivan Iovych Kuchuhura-Kucherenko Ivan Iovych Kuchuhura-Kucherenko (July 7, 1878—November 24, 1937 was a Ukrainian minstrel (kobzar) and one of the most influential kobzars of the early 20th century...
- Blind kobzar; People's artist; Arrested on November 8, 1937 and shot on November 24, 1937. - Kuzhkovenko
- Kuzmenko, I.
L
- Lavryk, Teresa - from Lviv. Student of Singalevych. Sent to Siberia 1944
- Lavrysh, Petro - (b. 1873) Poltava region
- Liashenko, Ivan
- Lysyj, Stepan - 10 years.
- Lysyj, Vasyl' - 10 years.
- Lystopad, Volodymyr
- Lytvynenko - Odessa
M
- Matiukha, Maksym - Konotop.
- Mohyl'nyk, Vasyl' - sentenced to be shot in 1938.
- Mota - shot in Lviv by Soviets in 1939
- Mykolenko, Z. -
- Mynzarenko, Demian - arrested 1936.
- Myronenko, Mykyta - sentenced to be shot in 1938.
- Mytiay (Petukh), Antin - Shot by the Bolsheviks near Kiev, 1921.
O
- Oleksienko, Petro - Paricipant of the Winter campaign in 1918. Killed in 1919.
- Oleshko, V. - student of Hnat KhotkevychHnat KhotkevychHnat Martynovych Khotkevych December 31, 1877 in Kharkiv, Russian Empire – October 8, 1938 in Kharkiv, in the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union) was a Ukrainian writer, ethnographer, playwright, composer, musicologist, and bandurist....
- Opryshko, Mykola - arrested in 1931, and in 1937 after directing the Kiev Capella for 2 weeks.
- Osad'ko, Vasyl' - director of the Reshetylivsky Bandurist Ensemble.
- Ovchinnikov, Vasyl' - Arrested in 1916 and exiled to Siberia. Arrested again in 1934 Never heard of again.
P
- Parasochka, Vasyl' -
- Panasenko, Josyp - member of the Poltava Bandurist Capella and Ukrainian Bandurist ChorusUkrainian Bandurist ChorusThe Ukrainian Bandurist Chorus is a semi-professional male choir which accompanies itself with the multi-stringed Ukrainian folk instrument known as the bandura...
. - Panchenko, Fedir
- Paplynsky, Antin - bandura maker.
- Pasiuha, Stepan - kobzar.
- Petukh - see Mytiay - Shot - Kiev 1920.
- Pika, DanyloPika DanyloDanylo Fedorovych Pika was one of the founders of the Poltava Bandurist Capella. Initially he learned to play the bandura from Opanas Slastion in Myrhorod. Pika was one of the more talented players of the capella and also wrote out a number of interesting arrangements.Pika became the assistant...
- Arrested numerous times. - Pobihailo, Oleksij -
- Popov, Mykola - sentenced to be shot in 1938.
- Potapenko, Vasyl' - arrested on October 15, 1930 - other arrests.
- Povar, Panas -
- Protopopov, Yakiv - member of Poltava Bandurist Capella.
- Prudkyj, Nykin - 5/6 years
- Prystupa, Mykhailo - sentenced to be shot in 1938.
R
- Rastorhuyev, Serhiy - sentenced to be shot in 1938.
- Rozhchenko (Rozhko) Pylyp - from Konotop.
- Rudenko, Danylo - Kobzar from ChernihivChernihivChernihiv or Chernigov is a historic city in northern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Chernihiv Oblast , as well as of the surrounding Chernihivskyi Raion within the oblast...
.
S
- Sadovy, Serhiy - sentenced to be shot in 1938.
- Sadovskyj, Hennadiy - Baritone; took part in the armies of the UNR. Arrested and sent to the Solovetsky islands. Dug the Belomor canal.
- Salata, D.
- Sarma-Sokolovsky, Mykola - 17 years.
- Shcherbyna, Danylo - arrested on April 19, 1931. Further arrests.
- Shevchuk, H.
- Shuliak, Mykola - 15 years.
- Singalevych, Natalia - Arrested in 1950.
- Siroshtan, Ivan - kobzar.
- Skakun, Andriy - Member of Kiev Capella.
- Skoba, Antin - Kobzar.
- Skrypal, N.
- Skyba, Ivan - arrested 1938.
- Skydan, Petro - Murdered in 1920.
- Slidiuk, Andriy - Member of Kiev Kobzar Choir - Shot by the Bolsheviks in 1919 in Starokonstantynivka.
- Snizhnyj, Josyp - sentence to camps.
- Sohohub, Viktor - arrested 1931, Arrested 30 July 1937 - Shot 27 November 1937, Chernihiv, with his three sons who also played bandura.
- Solomakh, Nykyfor -
- Sotnychenko, Svyryd - Kuban bandurist shot 1920
- Symonenko, Vasyl' - kobzar
- Syniavsky, Oleksa - Philologist - Professor at the Kharkiv University.
T
- Tabinsky, Mykhailo - Lviv bandurist arrested 1949.
- Teliha, Mykhailo - Shot by Germans in 1942.
- Tertyshnyj, K. -
- Teslia, Omelian - - sentenced to be shot in 1938.
- Tokar, Illia -
- Tokarevsky, Mykola - arrested 14/2/1931 Arrested 1938. released 1940.
- Tronevsky, O. -
- Tsebrenko, Hryhoriy - Member of Kiev Bandurist Capella.
- Tsybuliv, Isak - Member of Kiev Bandurist Capella.
Z
- Zaporozhetz, I.
- Zayetz, Mykola Martynovych - (b. 1902) Arrested 1923, Arrested 1937, Arrested 29/01/1938 sentence to be shot.
- Zatenko, - arrested 1938.
- Zelinsky, Ivan - arrested 1938.
- Zharko, Fedir - 6 years in labour camps.
- Zheplynsky, Bohdan - Lviv bandurist. Arrested 1950 - Siberia.
- Zheplynsky, Roman - Lviv bandurist. Arrested 1950 - Siberia.
- Zinchenko, A.
- Zinchenko, Illarion - sentenced to be shot in 1938.
Y
- Yatsenko, S. -
- Yashchenko, Ovram Semenovych - member of Kiev Bandurist Capella 1918.
- Yermak, P. -
Other irregular deaths
- Mykhailov, Mykola - 1936. Died unexpectedly in Tashkent from angina
Sources
- Roman Malko, "Music from the shadows", Zerkalo NedeliZerkalo NedeliZerkalo Nedeli , usually referred to in English as the Mirror Weekly, is one of Ukraine’s most influential analytical newspapers published weekly in Kiev, the nation's capital. It was founded in 1994, and as of 2006 its print circulation was 57,000. It offers political analysis, original...
, September 14–20, 2002. in Russian, in Ukrainian. - Kuromiya Hiroaki, The Voices of the Dead - Stalin's Great Terror in the 1930s Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2007.