Pearson Peacekeeping Centre
Encyclopedia
Established in 1994 by the Government of Canada
, the Pearson Peacekeeping Centre (PPC) is an independent, not-for-profit organization with its office based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, on the campus of Carleton University
. The mandate is to support Canada
's contribution to international peace and security.
The Centre conducts education, training and research on all aspects of peace operations throughout the world, with the majority of its projects under way in Africa and Latin America. Services range from the training of police officers in Rwanda and Nigeria to serve as peacekeepers in Darfur; through delivery of pre-deployment training for Latin American peace keepers in Brasilia; to the design and delivery of complex training exercises for use in Europe and Africa.
It is partly funded by the Government of Canada through the Departments of National Defence
and Foreign Affairs and the Canadian International Development Agency
, and functions in both official languages of Canada (English and French).
It also raises revenue through its specialized training and management courses, which it runs for individuals, governments and organizations around the world.
The Pearson Peacekeeping Centre works closely with the Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre
in Ghana
. The PPC also provides facilitation support to the International Network to Promote the Rule of Law
, which is a project of the USIP
. The International Association of Peacekeeping Training Centres was founded on July 2, 1995, at the Pearson Peacekeeping Centre.
The Pearson Peacekeeping Centre was named in honour of Lester Bowles Pearson, former Prime Minister of Canada
, who was awarded the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize
for his role in the inception of peacekeeping
. The Centre was established initially to train Canadian and foreign soldiers in the art of peacekeeping and conflict resolution for postings with United Nations
Peacekeeping missions.
Alex Morrison
was the first president of the Pearson Peacekeeping Centre, which was established in 1994 by the Government of Canada
. In 1994, Jean-Jacques Blais
was appointed chair of the Centre, holding that position until he retired in 2002. The courses are facilitated by a staff composed of academics and practitioners in peacekeeping
and conflict resolution
. Major General John Drewienkiewicz
and Walter Dorn
have taught at the PPC.
To view more www.peaceoperations.org
Government of Canada
The Government of Canada, formally Her Majesty's Government, is the system whereby the federation of Canada is administered by a common authority; in Canadian English, the term can mean either the collective set of institutions or specifically the Queen-in-Council...
, the Pearson Peacekeeping Centre (PPC) is an independent, not-for-profit organization with its office based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, on the campus of Carleton University
Carleton University
Carleton University is a comprehensive university located in the capital of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. The enabling legislation is The Carleton University Act, 1952, S.O. 1952. Founded as a small college in 1942, Carleton now offers over 65 programs in a diverse range of disciplines. Carleton has...
. The mandate is to support Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
's contribution to international peace and security.
The Centre conducts education, training and research on all aspects of peace operations throughout the world, with the majority of its projects under way in Africa and Latin America. Services range from the training of police officers in Rwanda and Nigeria to serve as peacekeepers in Darfur; through delivery of pre-deployment training for Latin American peace keepers in Brasilia; to the design and delivery of complex training exercises for use in Europe and Africa.
It is partly funded by the Government of Canada through the Departments of National Defence
Department of National Defence (Canada)
The Department of National Defence , frequently referred to by its acronym DND, is the department within the government of Canada with responsibility for all matters concerning the defence of Canada...
and Foreign Affairs and the Canadian International Development Agency
Canadian International Development Agency
The Canadian International Development Agency was formed in 1968 by the Canadian government. CIDA administers foreign aid programs in developing countries, and operates in partnership with other Canadian organizations in the public and private sectors as well as other international organizations...
, and functions in both official languages of Canada (English and French).
It also raises revenue through its specialized training and management courses, which it runs for individuals, governments and organizations around the world.
The Pearson Peacekeeping Centre works closely with the Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre
Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre
Based in Ghana, the Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre provides training and research in peacekeeping and peaceoperations. Established in 1998, it formally began operations in 2002...
in Ghana
Ghana
Ghana , officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country located in West Africa. It is bordered by Côte d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south...
. The PPC also provides facilitation support to the International Network to Promote the Rule of Law
International Network to Promote the Rule of Law
The International Network to Promote the Rule of Law is an association of practitioners established in 2007 joined together to develop the human capacity and intellectual resources required to promote the rule of law in countries transitioning from war to peace...
, which is a project of the USIP
United States Institute of Peace
The United States Institute of Peace was created by Congress as a non-partisan, federal institution that works to prevent or end violent conflict around the world...
. The International Association of Peacekeeping Training Centres was founded on July 2, 1995, at the Pearson Peacekeeping Centre.
History
Prime Minister of Canada
The Prime Minister of Canada is the primary minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus head of government for Canada, charged with advising the Canadian monarch or viceroy on the exercise of the executive powers vested in them by the constitution...
, who was awarded the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize
Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.-Background:According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize shall be awarded to the person who...
for his role in the inception of peacekeeping
Peacekeeping
Peacekeeping is an activity that aims to create the conditions for lasting peace. It is distinguished from both peacebuilding and peacemaking....
. The Centre was established initially to train Canadian and foreign soldiers in the art of peacekeeping and conflict resolution for postings with United Nations
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
Peacekeeping missions.
Alex Morrison
Alex Morrison
William Alexander Morrison, MSC, CD is a former Lieutenant Colonel of the Canadian Forces.Born in Sydney, Nova Scotia, he is a graduate of Xavier Junior College. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1968 from Mount Allison University. He joined the Canadian Forces in 1959 and retired as a...
was the first president of the Pearson Peacekeeping Centre, which was established in 1994 by the Government of Canada
Government of Canada
The Government of Canada, formally Her Majesty's Government, is the system whereby the federation of Canada is administered by a common authority; in Canadian English, the term can mean either the collective set of institutions or specifically the Queen-in-Council...
. In 1994, Jean-Jacques Blais
Jean-Jacques Blais
Jean-Jacques Blais, PC, QC is a former Canadian politician, who represented the riding of Nipissing in the Canadian House of Commons from 1972 to 1984...
was appointed chair of the Centre, holding that position until he retired in 2002. The courses are facilitated by a staff composed of academics and practitioners in peacekeeping
Peacekeeping
Peacekeeping is an activity that aims to create the conditions for lasting peace. It is distinguished from both peacebuilding and peacemaking....
and conflict resolution
Conflict resolution
Conflict resolution is conceptualized as the methods and processes involved in facilitating the peaceful ending of some social conflict. Often, committed group members attempt to resolve group conflicts by actively communicating information about their conflicting motives or ideologies to the rest...
. Major General John Drewienkiewicz
John Drewienkiewicz
Major General Karol John Drewienkiewicz CB CMG is a retired British Army officer.-Early life and education:Drewienkiewicz attended Stamford School, an independent boarding school in southern Lincolnshire, alongside Mike Jackson, with whom he later served in Kosovo and who went on to become the...
and Walter Dorn
Walter Dorn
Walter A. Dorn is a scientist and educator. He is Chair of the Canadian Pugwash Group, the Canadian branch of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs which received the 1995 Nobel Peace Prize....
have taught at the PPC.
Senior Management
- Philip Murray, commissioner (ret'd), Chair
- Suzanne Monaghan, President
- Ann Livingstone, Vice President, Research and Education
- Scott Carnie, Vice President, Programs and Business Development
- Stephen DaviesStephen DaviesStephen, Steven or Steve Davies may refer to:*Stephen Davies , American actor*Stephen Davies , British middle-distance runner*Stephen Davies , Australian Anglican bishop...
, Vice President, Corporate
The Pearson Papers
The Pearson Papers are Canadian peacekeeping press publications compiled by the Pearson Peacekeeping Centre. They are:- Pearson Paper 1: Public Information Campaigns in Peacekeeping: The UN Experience in Haiti by Ingrid Lehmann
- In this, the first of The Pearson Papers, Ingrid Lehmann explores "the development of Public Information Campaigns [in Haiti], both civil and military, from 1994 to 1996. The main innovation of the United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH) was the introduction of the Military Information Support Teams (MIST)." MIST operations over three different phases of the peacekeeping mission in Haiti are examined: the initial deployments to Haiti as part of Operation Uphold Democracy; UNMIH under United States leadership; and, UNMIH under Canadian leadership.
- Pearson Paper 2: The Level Killing Fields of Yugoslavia: An Observer Returns by James V. Arbuckle
- In the second of The Pearson Papers, James Arbuckle provides a lucid and personal account of the post-conflict situation in the former Yugoslavia. The author comments on the implementation of the Dayton Peace Accords and analyzes the prospects for future peace in the region, through the prism of his considerable experience in military peacekeeping.
- Pearson Paper 3: African Peacekeepers: Partners or Proxies? by Eric G. Berman and Katie Sams
- In this book, the third of The Pearson Papers, Eric G. Berman and Katie E. Sams examine current efforts to develop African peacekeeping and peace enforcement capabilities. They describe various Western and African capacity-building initiatives and attempts to resolve conflicts in Africa. Drawing on numerous interviews with policy makers and practitioners, they reveal the incongruities between Western “largesse” and African needs. Berman and Sams conclude that despite current Western and African efforts, the factors resulting in inaction four years ago in Rwanda still persist.
- Pearson Paper 4: Intelligence In Peacekeeping: The Cloak and the Blue Beret: The Limits of Intelligence-Gathering in UN Peacekeeping by Walter DornWalter DornWalter A. Dorn is a scientist and educator. He is Chair of the Canadian Pugwash Group, the Canadian branch of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs which received the 1995 Nobel Peace Prize....
and Out of the Closet: Intelligence Support for Post-Modern Peacekeeping by David Charters- This Pearson Paper contains two distinct chapters by two separate authors both dealing with the topic of Intelligence in Peacekeeping. Dorn looks at the United Nations’ view of “intelligence,” its reluctance to utilize and that exact terminology. Dorn explores how intelligence is an essential part of UN peacekeeping. Charters’ central argument is that post-Cold War conflicts have changed dramatically the character of peacekeeping operations, and that the change will now require peacekeepers to apply the full range of intelligence capabilities in order to bring such conflicts under control.
- Pearson Paper 5: The Laws of War and The Rules of Peace: Why Traditional Legal Models Do Not Work by Thomas B. Baines
- In this the fifth of The Pearson Papers, Thomas Baines presents some operational, moral and ethical challenges that arise in the context of non-traditional military operations. As well, he proposes some institutional formalisms to help limit the potential negative consequences of dealing with these challenges. His analysis and recommendations are framed for military policy makers and field commanders, rather than policy makers and executives of the other parties that may be involved in the types of missions discussed.
- Pearson Paper 6: Confronting Rwandan Genocide: The Military Options What Could and Should the International Community Have Done? by Douglas Anglin
- In this the sixth of The Pearson Papers, this essay explores promising courses of action that, given the necessary political will, would have been militarily feasible and morally justifiable. It assesses realistically their prospects of success in checking the haemorrhage in Rwandan lives and identifies the circumstances and significance of the opportunities missed. Particular attention is paid to the time frame as, with each day’s delay, thousands of additional lives were lost. As the scale of the ethnic killing became evident, demands mounted that “something must be done”. Yet, little serious thought was paid to what that “something” realistically might be. Meaningful military intervention would have proved problematic. The operational constraints on intervening rapidly and effectively in the middle of Africa in a country with limited infrastructure could not be dismissed as insignificant — or insurmountable.
- Pearson Paper 7: The 1999 United Nations and 2000 Organizations of African Unity Formal Inquiries: A Retrospective Examination of Peacekeeping and the Rwandan Crisis of 1994 by Terry M. Mays
- This the seventh Pearson Paper, takes a different approach in analyzing the peacekeeping related failures within Rwanda and the United Nations headquarters. In 1999, the United Nations initiated the Report of the Independent Inquiry into the Actions of the United Nations During the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda. The following year the Organization of African Unity (OAU) opted to conduct its own independent investigation and established the International Panel of Eminent Personalities to Investigate the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda and the Surrounding Events. This essay utilizes these independent investigations as the foundation for a review of the peacekeeping failure in Rwanda. Several factors for failure can be identified from the UN and OAU investigations and each is explored in this study. The essay also examines whether the 2,000-member UN peacekeeping operation on the ground in Rwanda could have halted the genocide if the political will existed to accomplish the task. Five options for the future are reviewed and a postscript includes a brief discussion on the relationship of state sovereignty and humanitarian intervention as seen through the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty.
- Pearson Paper 8: Lessons Learned on UNMIK Judiciary by Mark Baskin
- This study was designed to review the experience of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) with judiciary capacity building. UNMIK is significant both because Kosovo is a linchpin of Balkan politics and diplomacy, and because it provides a laboratory for deriving lessons for future efforts at post-conflict governance and administration. The goal of the study was to enable policy makers to “learn the lessons of capacity building for a judiciary as a part of the mandate of a peace support cooperation if similar work in the future is to be more effective”. A direct result of this study, Pearson Paper 8, Lessons Learned on UNMIK Judiciary describes problems at each stage of judiciary building, how they were addressed, how they could have been addressed more effectively, and what changes would facilitate such improvements. After outlining the broader context in which the development of Kosovo’s judicial system takes place, this assessment will describe chronological developments in the judiciary. It then turns to broader themes and patterns in the establishment of the judiciary by focusing on the specific challenges that most characterized the development of the judiciary at each stage and to some underlying patterns in the development of Kosovo’s judiciary and concludes with some suggestions – both for the future of Kosovo’s judiciary and in other post-conflict administrations, as well.
To view more www.peaceoperations.org