Pavao Šubic Bribirski
Encyclopedia
Paul I Šubić of Bribir (c. 1245 - 1 May 1312) was a Croatia
n leader and most outstanding member of the Šubić noble family from Bribir, was a Ban of Croatia
and Lord of all of Bosnia. He ruled from his seat in the fortified town of Bribir, where he erected, along with his castle, the three-aisled basilica of St. Mary inside the Franciscan
convent.
Paul I Šubić was the most powerful Croatian noble at the end of 13th century and beginning of the 14th century. He reigned during the Arpad
and Anjou
struggle which secured him power over the whole central part of Croatia.
and Juraj.
The first mention of his name occurs in 1272, when he held the title of Count of Bribir, from which he took his name, Bribirski. Paul became ban
of Croatia
in 1273 and ruled until his death. At the time of his death, he ruled over most of Dalmatia
, Slavonia
and Bosnia, lands once ruled by the early Croatian kings
.
During a civil war between the Árpád and Anjou
dynasties for the crown of Hungary
and Croatia, he supported Charles I
. Charles I in 1292 named him master of the lands between the Gvozd and Neretva
rivers. In Dalmatia, he appointed his brothers as commissars of Dalmatian cities. He gave Split to his brother Mladen I, and Šibenik
, Nin
, Trogir
and Omiš
to his brother Juraj I. He united large parts of Dalmatia
and Slavonia
. The following year, king Andrew III gave him and his family jurisdiction over the whole Banovina
. However, the king also asked to recognize his mother, Tomasina Morosini
as the duchess of Slavonia
, which Paul rejected and in 1293., proclaimed himself as "ban of the Croats" (lat. banus Croatorum).
In 1299 he conquered Bosnia
, and ruled from the Adriatic sea
to the Drava
river on the north, and to the Drina
river to the east. After conquering Bosnia, Paul I Šubić declared himself as "Dominus
of Bosnia" in 1299, and gave his brother Mladen I Šubić the title of Bosnian Ban. Although he did not have himself crowned, he was the de facto
sovereign ruler of these territories. The seal of Paul I Šubić Bribirski (1312), had the following lettering on it: "s[igillum] Pauli Breberiensis bani totius Sclavoniae". Another Paul's seal had the inscription "Paulus de Breberio banus Croatorum D[omi]n[u]s et Bosnae"
After the death of his brother, Bosnian Ban Mladen I Šubić in 1304, Paul I Šubić himself had to lead an Army to crush the resistance in Šubić's Bosnia, after which in 1305 he took the title of Lord of all of Bosnia (totius Bosniae dominus). Paul I Šubić passed the title of Lord of all of Bosnia to his eldest son Mladen II Šubić
, who ruled over Bosnia as a Ban of Bosnia under his father. However,after Paul I Šubić's death in 1312, Mladen II tried to maintain his hold over Bosnia and the other Croatian clans, but wasn't successful like his father, so in 1322 he lost control over Bosnia.
Paul eventually sided with the Anjou dynasty and sends his brother George I. to Naples
so he can safely transport Charles I over the Adriatic to Hungary. At the death of king Andrew III, Charles I was taken to Zagreb, and from there he went to Esztergom so he could be crowned as the new king. Despite the coronation, Charles wasn't fully recognized for another 10 years and his power in Croatia was only nominal.
Ban Paul was a nearly sovereign monarch
, who reigned over most of territories that were originally under former Croatian kings and also issued his own coin
.
In a war with the Venetian Republic, Paul captured Zadar
in 1311, which was the height of his power.
He died on 1 May 1312 and was buried in the franciscan church of St. Mary in Bribir. He was succeeded by his son Mladen II during which the power of the Šubić family starts to fade.
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
n leader and most outstanding member of the Šubić noble family from Bribir, was a Ban of Croatia
Ban of Croatia
Ban of Croatia was the title of local rulers and after 1102 viceroys of Croatia. From earliest periods of Croatian state, some provinces were ruled by Bans as a rulers representative and supreme military commander. In the 18th century, Croatian bans eventually become chief government officials in...
and Lord of all of Bosnia. He ruled from his seat in the fortified town of Bribir, where he erected, along with his castle, the three-aisled basilica of St. Mary inside the Franciscan
Franciscan
Most Franciscans are members of Roman Catholic religious orders founded by Saint Francis of Assisi. Besides Roman Catholic communities, there are also Old Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, ecumenical and Non-denominational Franciscan communities....
convent.
Paul I Šubić was the most powerful Croatian noble at the end of 13th century and beginning of the 14th century. He reigned during the Arpad
Árpád
Árpád was the second Grand Prince of the Hungarians . Under his rule the Hungarian people settled in the Carpathian basin. The dynasty descending from him ruled the Hungarian tribes and later the Kingdom of Hungary until 1301...
and Anjou
Anjou
Anjou is a former county , duchy and province centred on the city of Angers in the lower Loire Valley of western France. It corresponds largely to the present-day département of Maine-et-Loire...
struggle which secured him power over the whole central part of Croatia.
Reign
The exact date of his birth is unknown, but the year is estimated around 1245. He was the oldest son of the Bribirian noble Stephen II and his wife, who was probably a descendant of the Arpad noble dynasty. Paul was also a brother of Mladen I Šubić of BribirMladen I Šubić of Bribir
Mladen I Šubić of Bribir was a member of the Croatian noble family Šubić, at the end of 13th and beginning of the 14th century.He was a brother of a famous ban of Croatia Paul I Šubić of Bribir, who appointed Mladen as a commissar of dalmatinan city of Split, along with Klis Fortress.After Paul I...
and Juraj.
The first mention of his name occurs in 1272, when he held the title of Count of Bribir, from which he took his name, Bribirski. Paul became ban
Ban (title)
Ban was a title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century.-Etymology:The word ban has entered the English language probably as a borrowing from South Slavic ban, meaning "lord, master; ruler". The Slavic word is probably borrowed from...
of Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
in 1273 and ruled until his death. At the time of his death, he ruled over most of Dalmatia
Dalmatia
Dalmatia is a historical region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It stretches from the island of Rab in the northwest to the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. The hinterland, the Dalmatian Zagora, ranges from fifty kilometers in width in the north to just a few kilometers in the south....
, Slavonia
Slavonia
Slavonia is a geographical and historical region in eastern Croatia...
and Bosnia, lands once ruled by the early Croatian kings
Kingdom of Croatia (Medieval)
The Kingdom of Croatia , also known as the Kingdom of the Croats , was a medieval kingdom covering most of what is today Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Balkans.Established in 925, it ruled as a sovereign state for almost two centuries...
.
During a civil war between the Árpád and Anjou
Capetian House of Anjou
The Capetian House of Anjou, also known as the House of Anjou-Sicily and House of Anjou-Naples, was a royal house and cadet branch of the direct House of Capet. Founded by Charles I of Sicily, a son of Louis VIII of France, the Capetian king first ruled the Kingdom of Sicily during the 13th century...
dynasties for the crown of Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
and Croatia, he supported Charles I
Charles I of Hungary
Charles I , also known as Charles Robert , was the first King of Hungary and Croatia of the House of Anjou. He was also descended from the old Hungarian Árpád dynasty. His claim to the throne of Hungary was contested by several pretenders...
. Charles I in 1292 named him master of the lands between the Gvozd and Neretva
Neretva
Neretva is the largest river of the eastern part of the Adriatic basin. It has been harnessed and controlled to a large extent by four HE power-plants with large dams and their storage lakes, but it is still recognized for its natural beauty, diversity of its landscape and visual...
rivers. In Dalmatia, he appointed his brothers as commissars of Dalmatian cities. He gave Split to his brother Mladen I, and Šibenik
Šibenik
Šibenik is a historic town in Croatia, with population of 51,553 . It is located in central Dalmatia where the river Krka flows into the Adriatic Sea...
, Nin
Nin, Croatia
Nin is a town in the Zadar county of Croatia, population 1,256 , total municipality population 4,603 .Nin was historically important as a centre of a Christian Bishopric in the Middle Ages. Up to the abolition and Latinization imposed by King Tomislav in the first half of the 10th century, Nin was...
, Trogir
Trogir
Trogir is a historic town and harbour on the Adriatic coast in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia, with a population of 12,995 and a total municipality population of 13,322 . The historic city of Trogir is situated on a small island between the Croatian mainland and the island of Čiovo...
and Omiš
Omiš
Omiš is a town and port in the Dalmatia region of Croatia, and is a municipality in the Split-Dalmatia County. The town is situated approximately south-east of Croatia's second largest city, Split. Its location is where the emerald-green Cetina River meets the Adriatic Sea...
to his brother Juraj I. He united large parts of Dalmatia
Dalmatia
Dalmatia is a historical region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It stretches from the island of Rab in the northwest to the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. The hinterland, the Dalmatian Zagora, ranges from fifty kilometers in width in the north to just a few kilometers in the south....
and Slavonia
Slavonia
Slavonia is a geographical and historical region in eastern Croatia...
. The following year, king Andrew III gave him and his family jurisdiction over the whole Banovina
Banovina
Banovina may refer to:* One of the subdivisions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia from 1929 to 1941* Any territory ruled by a ban * Banovina in central Croatia, also known as Banija...
. However, the king also asked to recognize his mother, Tomasina Morosini
Tomasina Morosini
Tomasina Morosini Queen Mother of Hungary, mother of Andrew III the Venetian King of Hungary.-Life:She was the daughter of Michele Sbarra Morosini Patrician of Venice. In 1263 she married Stephen the Posthumous Prince of Hungary in Venice, who lived in exile in Venice...
as the duchess of Slavonia
Slavonia
Slavonia is a geographical and historical region in eastern Croatia...
, which Paul rejected and in 1293., proclaimed himself as "ban of the Croats" (lat. banus Croatorum).
In 1299 he conquered Bosnia
Bosnia (region)
Bosnia is a eponomous region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging to the southern borders of the Pannonian plain, with the rivers Sava and Drina marking its northern and eastern borders. The other eponomous region, the southern, other half of the country is...
, and ruled from the Adriatic sea
Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges...
to the Drava
Drava
Drava or Drave is a river in southern Central Europe, a tributary of the Danube. It sources in Toblach/Dobbiaco, Italy, and flows east through East Tirol and Carinthia in Austria, into Slovenia , and then southeast, passing through Croatia and forming most of the border between Croatia and...
river on the north, and to the Drina
Drina
The Drina is a 346 kilometer long river, which forms most of the border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. It is the longest tributary of the Sava River and the longest karst river in the Dinaric Alps which belongs to the Danube river watershed...
river to the east. After conquering Bosnia, Paul I Šubić declared himself as "Dominus
Dominus
Dominus may refer to:* Christus Dominus, the Second Vatican Council's "Decree on the Pastoral Office of Bishops".* Dominus Flevit Church, on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem* Dominus , a title of sovereignty, clergy and other uses...
of Bosnia" in 1299, and gave his brother Mladen I Šubić the title of Bosnian Ban. Although he did not have himself crowned, he was the de facto
De facto
De facto is a Latin expression that means "concerning fact." In law, it often means "in practice but not necessarily ordained by law" or "in practice or actuality, but not officially established." It is commonly used in contrast to de jure when referring to matters of law, governance, or...
sovereign ruler of these territories. The seal of Paul I Šubić Bribirski (1312), had the following lettering on it: "s[igillum] Pauli Breberiensis bani totius Sclavoniae". Another Paul's seal had the inscription "Paulus de Breberio banus Croatorum D[omi]n[u]s et Bosnae"
Mladen II Šubić of Bribir
Mladen II Šubić of Bribir , a Croatian leader and member of the Šubić noble family, was a Ban of Croatia and Lord of all of Bosnia.-Biography:...
, who ruled over Bosnia as a Ban of Bosnia under his father. However,after Paul I Šubić's death in 1312, Mladen II tried to maintain his hold over Bosnia and the other Croatian clans, but wasn't successful like his father, so in 1322 he lost control over Bosnia.
Paul eventually sided with the Anjou dynasty and sends his brother George I. to Naples
Naples
Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
so he can safely transport Charles I over the Adriatic to Hungary. At the death of king Andrew III, Charles I was taken to Zagreb, and from there he went to Esztergom so he could be crowned as the new king. Despite the coronation, Charles wasn't fully recognized for another 10 years and his power in Croatia was only nominal.
Ban Paul was a nearly sovereign monarch
Sovereignty
Sovereignty is the quality of having supreme, independent authority over a geographic area, such as a territory. It can be found in a power to rule and make law that rests on a political fact for which no purely legal explanation can be provided...
, who reigned over most of territories that were originally under former Croatian kings and also issued his own coin
Coin
A coin is a piece of hard material that is standardized in weight, is produced in large quantities in order to facilitate trade, and primarily can be used as a legal tender token for commerce in the designated country, region, or territory....
.
In a war with the Venetian Republic, Paul captured Zadar
Zadar
Zadar is a city in Croatia on the Adriatic Sea. It is the centre of Zadar county and the wider northern Dalmatian region. Population of the city is 75,082 citizens...
in 1311, which was the height of his power.
He died on 1 May 1312 and was buried in the franciscan church of St. Mary in Bribir. He was succeeded by his son Mladen II during which the power of the Šubić family starts to fade.
Descendants
Paul Šubić had five sons:- Mladen II.Mladen II Šubić of BribirMladen II Šubić of Bribir , a Croatian leader and member of the Šubić noble family, was a Ban of Croatia and Lord of all of Bosnia.-Biography:...
(c. 1275 - c. 1341) - Ban of Croatia and Bosnia (1312–1322), Lord of Hum, Duke of Dalmatia and Zadar (1311–1313), Duke of Split (1294) - Juraj II. (III.)George II Šubić of BribirGeorge II Šubić of Bribir was a Count of Bribir and member of the Croatian Šubić noble family, who ruled from Klis Fortress.- Family Connections :...
(c. 1290 - 1328) - Duke of Split (1300), Duke of Tropolje (1301), Duke of the Dalmatian cities (1303) - Pavao II.Paul II Šubić of BribirPaul II Šubić of Bribir was a Count of Trogir and Ostrovica and member of the Croatian Šubić noble family.He married Elizabeta Frankopan , with whom he had two sons and daughter: Juraj III Šubić Bribirski , Pribko and Katlin....
(c. 1295 - 1346) - Duke of TrogirTrogirTrogir is a historic town and harbour on the Adriatic coast in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia, with a population of 12,995 and a total municipality population of 13,322 . The historic city of Trogir is situated on a small island between the Croatian mainland and the island of Čiovo...
(1305–1315) i Duke of OstrovicaOstrovicaOstrovica may refer to:* Ostrovica, Croatia, village in Croatia, near Benkovac, in Lišane Ostrovičke municipality* Ostrovica, Bosnia and Herzegovina, village in Bosnia, near Kulen Vakuf* Ostrovica , village in Serbia, near Niš...
(1333–1346) - Grgur IV. - Duke of ŠibenikŠibenikŠibenik is a historic town in Croatia, with population of 51,553 . It is located in central Dalmatia where the river Krka flows into the Adriatic Sea...
(1320.) i Duke of Ostrovica (1346–1347) - Marko IV. - Duke of Bribir (1322–1345)