Árpád
Encyclopedia
Árpád was the second Grand Prince of the Hungarians
(Magyars) (c. 895 – c. 907 or 907). Under his rule the Hungarian people settled in the Carpathian basin. The dynasty descending from him
ruled the Hungarian tribes and later the Kingdom of Hungary
until 1301. His clan was Kurt//Kubrat
(means "Wolf" in ancient Turkic language) a branch of the descendants of Attila, ruler of the Huns
.
(Grand Prince of the Magyars
), leader of the Hungarian tribal federation
; his mother's name and descent is unknown.. According to a hungarian legends, he was a son of a Émésé and Turul (Sacred Hawk), following the old concept of "son of heaven", "Tanyu" or "Shanyu", same title of his supposed ancestor Attila.
The emergence of the Magyar tribes
and their leaders is a specific period in the history of the Hungarian people that refers to the time starting from when the Hungarians were considered a people separate and identifiable from other Ugric speakers (1000-500 BC) up until their occupation and settlement of the Carpathian Basin around 896 AD (Hungarian
: Honfoglalás).. According to Koestler the Onogurs
were led by Prince Árpad, breaking part of the Khazars
empire. Árpad led 10 tribes (Onogurs
) doing what was known as the second hun invasion in Europe . The ten tribes were: 3 tribes (Ság, Ladány, Berény-Tárkány) settled in Hungarian Transilvania plus 7 tribes (Megyer/Magyar/Madar/Madjar/Muageris, Jenő, Keszi, Nyék, Kér, Tarján e Kürt/Kubat/Kubrat
) settled in Panonia
In 894, Árpád and Kurszán
negotiated together with the representatives of the Byzantine emperor, Leo VI the Wise
the terms under which the confederation of the Magyar tribes was willing to assist the Byzantine Empire
against Emperor Simeon I of Bulgaria
.
In the spring of next year, the Magyar tribes attacked the Bulgarian Empire
and defeated Emperor Simeon I, requiring him to conclude peace with the Byzantine Empire. Emperor Simeon, however, entered into an alliance with the Pechenegs, who were the eastern neighbours of the Hungarian tribal federation, and he made an attack against the Magyar armies. In the Battle of Southern Buh
, Emperor Simeon I defeated their army; shortly afterwards, the Pechenegs attacked and pillaged their territories. The Magyar tribes were required to leave Etelköz
and move to the Carpathian Basin where they settled down (Honfoglalás
).
The circumstances of Álmos' death are uncertain. The leaders of the seven Hungarian tribes proclaimed Árpád to Grand Prince of the Magyars
.
In 896 the Hungarian tribes occupied the Upper Tisza
river, from there they undertook numerous looting raids in central and western Europe, and in 900/901 they moved to Pannonia
. The Magyars entering the Pannonian fields in 896 may have represented about 200,000–250,000 people. He settled in what is now Hungary in about 900, though the Hungarians continued to ravage western Europe til their defeat by Emperor Otto I in 955.
Based on Arabic sources, Árpád's title seems to have been kende
or gyula. In that time kende was the spiritual leader of the Magyar tribes, while the gyula led their military campaigns. According to legends, Árpád held the first "parliamentary" session with 40 other "nobles" on horseback before 900 AD.
was not Árpád (as he lived a century earlier) - but his descendant Saint Stephen I –, he is generally thought of as the forefather of Hungarians and is often affectionally mentioned as our father Árpád (Hungarian: Árpád apánk). Árpád was the founder of the dynasty named after him
, which would rule over the kingdom of Hungary
till 1301.
in the 1996 film The Conquest
.
|-
Grand Prince of the Hungarians
Grand Prince was the title used by contemporary sources to name the leader of the federation of the Hungarian tribes in the tenth century.-The title:...
(Magyars) (c. 895 – c. 907 or 907). Under his rule the Hungarian people settled in the Carpathian basin. The dynasty descending from him
Árpád dynasty
The Árpáds or Arpads was the ruling dynasty of the federation of the Hungarian tribes and of the Kingdom of Hungary . The dynasty was named after Grand Prince Árpád who was the head of the tribal federation when the Magyars occupied the Carpathian Basin, circa 895...
ruled the Hungarian tribes and later the Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
until 1301. His clan was Kurt//Kubrat
Kubrat
Kubrat or Kurt was a Bulgar ruler credited with establishing the confederation of Old Great Bulgaria in 632. He is said to have achieved this by conquering the Avars and uniting all the Bulgar tribes under one rule....
(means "Wolf" in ancient Turkic language) a branch of the descendants of Attila, ruler of the Huns
Huns
The Huns were a group of nomadic people who, appearing from east of the Volga River, migrated into Europe c. AD 370 and established the vast Hunnic Empire there. Since de Guignes linked them with the Xiongnu, who had been northern neighbours of China 300 years prior to the emergence of the Huns,...
.
His life
Árpád was the son of Grand Prince ÁlmosHigh Prince Álmos
Álmos , the first Grand Prince of the Magyars . The Gesta Hungarorum records that his father was Ügyek, while the Chronicon Pictum mentions his father as Előd ; his mother was Emese.-Birth:The medieval chronicle recounts the story of his...
(Grand Prince of the Magyars
Grand Prince of the Magyars
Grand Prince was the title used by contemporary sources to name the leader of the federation of the Hungarian tribes in the tenth century.-The title:...
), leader of the Hungarian tribal federation
Magyar tribes
The Magyar tribes were the fundamental political units whose framework the Hungarians lived within, until these clans from Asia, more accurately from the region of Ural Mountains, invaded the Carpathian Basin and established the Principality of Hungary.The locality in which the Hungarians, the...
; his mother's name and descent is unknown.. According to a hungarian legends, he was a son of a Émésé and Turul (Sacred Hawk), following the old concept of "son of heaven", "Tanyu" or "Shanyu", same title of his supposed ancestor Attila.
The emergence of the Magyar tribes
Magyar tribes
The Magyar tribes were the fundamental political units whose framework the Hungarians lived within, until these clans from Asia, more accurately from the region of Ural Mountains, invaded the Carpathian Basin and established the Principality of Hungary.The locality in which the Hungarians, the...
and their leaders is a specific period in the history of the Hungarian people that refers to the time starting from when the Hungarians were considered a people separate and identifiable from other Ugric speakers (1000-500 BC) up until their occupation and settlement of the Carpathian Basin around 896 AD (Hungarian
Hungarian language
Hungarian is a Uralic language, part of the Ugric group. With some 14 million speakers, it is one of the most widely spoken non-Indo-European languages in Europe....
: Honfoglalás).. According to Koestler the Onogurs
Onogurs
The Onogurs, also known as Utigurs, were a horde of equestrian nomads in the North Eurasian steppe east of the Don River during the 5th to 8th centuries. The Onogurs crossed the Volga and entered into Europe around the year 460 within the larger context of the Great Migrations and the Turkic...
were led by Prince Árpad, breaking part of the Khazars
Khazars
The Khazars were semi-nomadic Turkic people who established one of the largest polities of medieval Eurasia, with the capital of Atil and territory comprising much of modern-day European Russia, western Kazakhstan, eastern Ukraine, Azerbaijan, large portions of the northern Caucasus , parts of...
empire. Árpad led 10 tribes (Onogurs
Onogurs
The Onogurs, also known as Utigurs, were a horde of equestrian nomads in the North Eurasian steppe east of the Don River during the 5th to 8th centuries. The Onogurs crossed the Volga and entered into Europe around the year 460 within the larger context of the Great Migrations and the Turkic...
) doing what was known as the second hun invasion in Europe . The ten tribes were: 3 tribes (Ság, Ladány, Berény-Tárkány) settled in Hungarian Transilvania plus 7 tribes (Megyer/Magyar/Madar/Madjar/Muageris, Jenő, Keszi, Nyék, Kér, Tarján e Kürt/Kubat/Kubrat
Kubrat
Kubrat or Kurt was a Bulgar ruler credited with establishing the confederation of Old Great Bulgaria in 632. He is said to have achieved this by conquering the Avars and uniting all the Bulgar tribes under one rule....
) settled in Panonia
In 894, Árpád and Kurszán
Kurszán
Kurszán , the Magyar sacral prince, was a partner ruler besides Árpád till his death. He had a crucial role in the Hungarian Conquest . In 892/893 together with Arnulf of Carinthia he attacked Great Moravia to secure the eastern borders of the Frankish Empire. Arnulf gave him all the captured...
negotiated together with the representatives of the Byzantine emperor, Leo VI the Wise
Leo VI the Wise
Leo VI, surnamed the Wise or the Philosopher , was Byzantine emperor from 886 to 912. The second ruler of the Macedonian dynasty , he was very well-read, leading to his surname...
the terms under which the confederation of the Magyar tribes was willing to assist the Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State...
against Emperor Simeon I of Bulgaria
Simeon I of Bulgaria
Simeon I the Great ruled over Bulgaria from 893 to 927, during the First Bulgarian Empire. Simeon's successful campaigns against the Byzantines, Magyars and Serbs led Bulgaria to its greatest territorial expansion ever, making it the most powerful state in contemporary Eastern Europe...
.
In the spring of next year, the Magyar tribes attacked the Bulgarian Empire
First Bulgarian Empire
The First Bulgarian Empire was a medieval Bulgarian state founded in the north-eastern Balkans in c. 680 by the Bulgars, uniting with seven South Slavic tribes...
and defeated Emperor Simeon I, requiring him to conclude peace with the Byzantine Empire. Emperor Simeon, however, entered into an alliance with the Pechenegs, who were the eastern neighbours of the Hungarian tribal federation, and he made an attack against the Magyar armies. In the Battle of Southern Buh
Battle of Southern Buh
The Battle of Southern Buh occurred near the banks of the so called river, in modern Ukraine. The result was a great Bulgarian victory which forced the Magyars to leave forever the steppes of southern Ukraine and to establish the Kingdom of Hungary a hundred years later.- Origins of the conflict...
, Emperor Simeon I defeated their army; shortly afterwards, the Pechenegs attacked and pillaged their territories. The Magyar tribes were required to leave Etelköz
Hungarian prehistory
Hungarian prehistory refers to the prehistoric Magyars, from the time when they separated from Common Ugric until their invasion of the Carpathian basin in the late 9th century...
and move to the Carpathian Basin where they settled down (Honfoglalás
Hungarian prehistory
Hungarian prehistory refers to the prehistoric Magyars, from the time when they separated from Common Ugric until their invasion of the Carpathian basin in the late 9th century...
).
The circumstances of Álmos' death are uncertain. The leaders of the seven Hungarian tribes proclaimed Árpád to Grand Prince of the Magyars
Grand Prince of the Magyars
Grand Prince was the title used by contemporary sources to name the leader of the federation of the Hungarian tribes in the tenth century.-The title:...
.
In 896 the Hungarian tribes occupied the Upper Tisza
Tisza
The Tisza or Tisa is one of the main rivers of Central Europe. It rises in Ukraine, and is formed near Rakhiv by the junction of headwaters White Tisa, whose source is in the Chornohora mountains and Black Tisa, which springs in the Gorgany range...
river, from there they undertook numerous looting raids in central and western Europe, and in 900/901 they moved to Pannonia
Pannonia
Pannonia was an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia....
. The Magyars entering the Pannonian fields in 896 may have represented about 200,000–250,000 people. He settled in what is now Hungary in about 900, though the Hungarians continued to ravage western Europe til their defeat by Emperor Otto I in 955.
Based on Arabic sources, Árpád's title seems to have been kende
Kende
The kende was one of the kings of the dual-monarchy of the early Magyars, along with the gyula or war-chief. The function of the kende is believed to have been a religious one. At the time of the Magyar migration to Pannonia, the Kende was named Kurszán...
or gyula. In that time kende was the spiritual leader of the Magyar tribes, while the gyula led their military campaigns. According to legends, Árpád held the first "parliamentary" session with 40 other "nobles" on horseback before 900 AD.
Children
- LiüntikaLiüntikaLiüntika or Levente was a Hungarian tribal chieftain, the eldest son of Grand Prince Árpád. As a military leader he participated in the Hungarian Conquest .- Positions :...
(Levente), Prince of Hungary ?, living 895 - Tarkatzus (Tarhos), the father of:
- Teveli, the father of:
- Tormás (Termatzus), lived in ByzantiumByzantiumByzantium was an ancient Greek city, founded by Greek colonists from Megara in 667 BC and named after their king Byzas . The name Byzantium is a Latinization of the original name Byzantion...
, k.i.a.Killed in actionKilled in action is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own forces at the hands of hostile forces. The United States Department of Defense, for example, says that those declared KIA need not have fired their weapons but have been killed due to...
August 955, the father of:- Koppány, DukeDukeA duke or duchess is a member of the nobility, historically of highest rank below the monarch, and historically controlling a duchy...
in Somogy, k.i.a.Killed in actionKilled in action is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own forces at the hands of hostile forces. The United States Department of Defense, for example, says that those declared KIA need not have fired their weapons but have been killed due to...
997/998
- Koppány, Duke
- Tormás (Termatzus), lived in Byzantium
- Teveli, the father of:
- JelekJelekJelek, Hülek or Üllő was the third son of Grand Prince Árpád....
(Üllő), "the EpicureEpicureanismEpicureanism is a system of philosophy based upon the teachings of Epicurus, founded around 307 BC. Epicurus was an atomic materialist, following in the steps of Democritus. His materialism led him to a general attack on superstition and divine intervention. Following Aristippus—about whom...
", the father:- Ezelekh
- Jutotzas (Jutas), the father of:
- Falitzi (Fajsz)FajszFajsz , also known as Fali or Falicsi, Grand Prince of the Magyars .Fajsz was the son of Jutas, the third son of Árpád, and ruled over the Magyar tribes at the time of the Byzantine Emperor Kōnstantinos Porhyrogennētos....
, Prince of Hungary (948-955), died c. 955 - Tas, living in 950
- Falitzi (Fajsz)
- Zoltán of HungaryZoltán of HungaryZoltán , also known as Zaltas and Solt, according to the mediaeval chronicles, was the third Grand Prince of the Magyars from 907 to 947.He was the youngest son of Árpád...
(? – c. 947)- Taksony of HungaryTaksony of HungaryTaksony , Grand Prince of the Hungarians .Taksony was the son of Zoltán , the fourth son of Árpád, the second Grand Prince of the Hungarians...
(? – c. 972)
- Taksony of Hungary
Legacy
Although the founder of the Kingdom of HungaryKingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
was not Árpád (as he lived a century earlier) - but his descendant Saint Stephen I –, he is generally thought of as the forefather of Hungarians and is often affectionally mentioned as our father Árpád (Hungarian: Árpád apánk). Árpád was the founder of the dynasty named after him
Árpád dynasty
The Árpáds or Arpads was the ruling dynasty of the federation of the Hungarian tribes and of the Kingdom of Hungary . The dynasty was named after Grand Prince Árpád who was the head of the tribal federation when the Magyars occupied the Carpathian Basin, circa 895...
, which would rule over the kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
till 1301.
Film
Árpád was played by Franco NeroFranco Nero
Franco Nero is an Italian actor.-Early life:Nero was born Francesco Sparanero in San Prospero Parmense , the son of a sergeant in the...
in the 1996 film The Conquest
The Conquest (1996 film)
Honfoglalás is a 1996 Hungarian film about the Magyar settlement in Hungary in approximately AD 896.This film was written by István Nemeskürty and directed by Gábor Koltay.-Cast:*Franco Nero as "Árpád"...
.
Sources
- Kristó, Gyula - Makk, Ferenc: Az Árpád-ház uralkodói (IPC Könyvek, 1996)
- Korai Magyar Történeti Lexikon (9-14. század), főszerkesztő: Kristó, Gyula, szerkesztők: Engel, Pál és Makk, Ferenc (Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1994)
- Kristó, Gyula: A Kárpát-medence és a magyarság régmúltja (1301-ig) (Szegedi Középkortörténeti Könyvtár, Szeged, 1993)
- Magyarország Történeti Kronológiája I. – A kezdetektől 1526-ig, főszerkesztő: Benda Kálmán (Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1981)
- http://genealogy.euweb.cz/arpad/arpad1.html
External links
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