Patricio Mariano
Encyclopedia
Patricio Geronimo Mariano (born on 17 March 1877 at Santa Cruz, Manila
– died on 28 January 1935) was a Filipino nationalist, revolutionary, pundit, poet, playwright, dramatist, short story writer, novelist, journalist, violinist, and painter. Mariano was a Katipunan
member. Mariano was the son of Petronilo Mariano and Dionisia Geronimo.
. Mariano studied bookkeeping
at the Escuela de Artes y Oficios. Mariano received his Bachelor of Arts degree from the Liceo de Manila (now known as the Manila Central University).
, a Katipunan leader and typography and stereography shop owner, in joining the Katipunan. Mariano worked for Dizon in the said printing shop. Mariano joined the Filipino revolution in 1896. However, Mariano decided not to fight till the end. In 1898, Mariano became a public servant during the First Philippine Republic
, wherein he acted as the right hand man of Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista
. Bautista was the adviser to General Emilio Aguinaldo
, the president of the First Philippine Republic. As a patriot, Mariano was one of the founders of the organization known as the Asociacion Pro Patria.
s in the Tagalog-language. Mariano became a translator of literary works into the Tagalog language. Apart from being a zarzuela author and translator, Mariano wrote poetry, short stories, dramas, and operettas. Mariano focused on subjects of romance, social conditions, and the hopes of the Filipino people
. Mariano used symbolism in his works. Mariano’s works as a playwright were performed at theaters such as the Zorrilla Theater
, the Manila Grand Opera House
, and the Rizal Theater in Tondo, Manila
. Mariano’s play, Sampaguita ("Jazmine
"), was shown at the Zorilla Theater in 1901. His one-act drama, Ang Pakakak ("The Tuba
"), was presented at the Manila Grand Opera House on 7 July 1913, and his Ang Silanganan ("The East
" or "The Levant
"), another one-act drama, was performed at the Rizal Theater 30 December 1904.
s such as Lucia di Lammermoor
and the third act of La traviata
. Mariano translated Jose Rizal
’s novels, namely Noli me Tangere
and El filibusterismo
, from the Spanish
originals.
Santa Cruz, Manila
Santa Cruz is located on the right bank of the Pasig River, on the northern portion of the City of Manila, near the mouth of the river, in between the districts of Tondo and Quiapo...
– died on 28 January 1935) was a Filipino nationalist, revolutionary, pundit, poet, playwright, dramatist, short story writer, novelist, journalist, violinist, and painter. Mariano was a Katipunan
Katipunan
The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain independence from Spain through revolution. The society was initiated by Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, and others on the night...
member. Mariano was the son of Petronilo Mariano and Dionisia Geronimo.
Education
Mariano received his high school education at the Ateneo Municipal (now known as the Ateneo de Manila University) and at the Colegio de San Juan de LetranColegio de San Juan de Letran
The Colegio de San Juan de Letran, Letran College, or simply Letran is a private Roman Catholic institution of learning located in Intramuros, Manila, in the Philippines. The college was founded in 1620. Colegio de San Juan de Letran has the distinction of being the oldest college in the...
. Mariano studied bookkeeping
Bookkeeping
Bookkeeping is the recording of financial transactions. Transactions include sales, purchases, income, receipts and payments by an individual or organization. Bookkeeping is usually performed by a bookkeeper. Bookkeeping should not be confused with accounting. The accounting process is usually...
at the Escuela de Artes y Oficios. Mariano received his Bachelor of Arts degree from the Liceo de Manila (now known as the Manila Central University).
Political career
Mariano was influenced by Jose DizonJose Dizon
José Matanza Dizon was a Filipino patriot who was among those who founded the Katipunan that sparked the Philippine Revolution...
, a Katipunan leader and typography and stereography shop owner, in joining the Katipunan. Mariano worked for Dizon in the said printing shop. Mariano joined the Filipino revolution in 1896. However, Mariano decided not to fight till the end. In 1898, Mariano became a public servant during the First Philippine Republic
First Philippine Republic
The Philippine Republic , more commonly known as the First Philippine Republic or the Malolos Republic was a short-lived insurgent revolutionary government in the Philippines...
, wherein he acted as the right hand man of Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista , also known as Don Bosyong, was a lawyer and author of the Declaration of Philippine Independence document...
. Bautista was the adviser to General Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. He played an instrumental role during the Philippines' revolution against Spain, and the subsequent Philippine-American War or War of Philippine Independence that resisted American occupation...
, the president of the First Philippine Republic. As a patriot, Mariano was one of the founders of the organization known as the Asociacion Pro Patria.
Literary career
At a time when the Tagalog Theater was beginning to evolve, Mariano pursued a career as a playwright by writing zarzuelaZarzuela
Zarzuela is a Spanish lyric-dramatic genre that alternates between spoken and sung scenes, the latter incorporating operatic and popular song, as well as dance...
s in the Tagalog-language. Mariano became a translator of literary works into the Tagalog language. Apart from being a zarzuela author and translator, Mariano wrote poetry, short stories, dramas, and operettas. Mariano focused on subjects of romance, social conditions, and the hopes of the Filipino people
Filipino people
The Filipino people or Filipinos are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the islands of the Philippines. There are about 92 million Filipinos in the Philippines, and about 11 million living outside the Philippines ....
. Mariano used symbolism in his works. Mariano’s works as a playwright were performed at theaters such as the Zorrilla Theater
Zorrilla Theater
The Teatro Zorrilla or Zorrilla Theater, also known as the Dulaang Zorrilla sa Maynila in Tagalog, was a prominent theater in the Philippines. Located at Calle Iris , Manila, the theater was named after José Zorrilla , a Spanish poet and playwright...
, the Manila Grand Opera House
Manila Grand Opera House
The Manila Grand Opera House was a theater and opera house located in the Santa Cruz district of Manila on the intersection of Rizal Avenue and Doroteo Jose Street. Built in the mid-19th century as the H.T...
, and the Rizal Theater in Tondo, Manila
Tondo, Manila
Tondo is a district of Manila, Philippines. The locale has existed prior to the arrival of the Spanish, referred to as "Tundun" in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription. One of the most densely populated areas of land in the world, Tondo is located in the northwest portion of the city and is primarily...
. Mariano’s play, Sampaguita ("Jazmine
Jasminum sambac
Jasminum sambac is a species of jasmine native to South and Southeast Asia. It is a small shrub or vine growing up to in height. It is widely cultivated for its attractive and sweetly fragrant flowers. The flowers are also used for perfumes and for making tea. It is known as the Arabian jasmine in...
"), was shown at the Zorilla Theater in 1901. His one-act drama, Ang Pakakak ("The Tuba
Tuba
The tuba is the largest and lowest-pitched brass instrument. Sound is produced by vibrating or "buzzing" the lips into a large cupped mouthpiece. It is one of the most recent additions to the modern symphony orchestra, first appearing in the mid-19th century, when it largely replaced the...
"), was presented at the Manila Grand Opera House on 7 July 1913, and his Ang Silanganan ("The East
East
East is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating direction or geography.East is one of the four cardinal directions or compass points. It is the opposite of west and is perpendicular to north and south.By convention, the right side of a map is east....
" or "The Levant
Levant
The Levant or ) is the geographic region and culture zone of the "eastern Mediterranean littoral between Anatolia and Egypt" . The Levant includes most of modern Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Israel, the Palestinian territories, and sometimes parts of Turkey and Iraq, and corresponds roughly to the...
"), another one-act drama, was performed at the Rizal Theater 30 December 1904.
Journalistic career
Armed with his experience in printing, Mariano utilized his skills at the Imprenta de Malolos, a printing press located at Barasoain in Malolos, Bulacan. He became the manager of the Imprenta de Malolos. As a journalist, Mariano wrote articles for periodicals such as the El Heraldo de la Revolucion (The Herald of the Revolution) and the Ang Kaibigan ng Bayan (The Friend of the Nation). Mariano edited and wrote for other newspapers after the war. The post-war periodicals Mariano had been active in included Los Obreros, Ang Paggawa, Katwiran, Lunas ng Bayan, El Renacimiento Filipino, La Vanguardia, and Taliba.Translation career
As a translator, Mariano translated into the Tagalog language operaOpera
Opera is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text and musical score, usually in a theatrical setting. Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre, such as acting, scenery, and costumes and sometimes includes dance...
s such as Lucia di Lammermoor
Lucia di Lammermoor
Lucia di Lammermoor is a dramma tragico in three acts by Gaetano Donizetti. Salvadore Cammarano wrote the Italian language libretto loosely based upon Sir Walter Scott's historical novel The Bride of Lammermoor....
and the third act of La traviata
La traviata
La traviata is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi set to an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Piave. It is based on La dame aux Camélias , a play adapted from the novel by Alexandre Dumas, fils. The title La traviata means literally The Fallen Woman, or perhaps more figuratively, The Woman...
. Mariano translated Jose Rizal
José Rizal
José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda , was a Filipino polymath, patriot and the most prominent advocate for reform in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial era. He is regarded as the foremost Filipino patriot and is listed as one of the national heroes of the Philippines by...
’s novels, namely Noli me Tangere
Noli Me Tangere (novel)
Noli Me Tangere is a novel by Filipino polymath José Rizal and first published in 1887 in Berlin, Germany. Early English translations used titles like An Eagle Flight and The Social Cancer, but more recent translations have been published using the original Latin title.Though originally written in...
and El filibusterismo
El filibusterismo
El filibusterismo , also known by its English alternate title The Reign of Greed, is the second novel written by Philippine national hero José Rizal. It is the sequel to Noli Me Tangere and like the first book, was written in Spanish. It was first published in 1891 in Ghent, Belgium...
, from the Spanish
Philippine Literature in Spanish
Philippine literature in Spanish is a body of literature made by Filipino writers in the Spanish language. Today, this corpus is the third largest in the whole corpus of Philippine literature . It is slightly larger than the Philippine literature in the vernacular languages...
originals.
Literary associations
As a playwright and a journalist, Mariano became a member of literary organizations during his lifetime. Among the organizations Mariano became associated with included the Union de Artistas (Artists Union), the Union de Impresores (Printers Union), the Buklod na Ginto (Gold Circle), the Aklatang Bayan (National Library), and the Lupong Tagapagpalaganap ng Akademya ng Wikang Tagalog (Board of Spreaders of the Academy of the Tagalog Language).Plays
The following is an enumeration of the plays that Mariano authored:- Sampaguita ("Jazmine") (1901)
- Anak ng Dagat ("Child of the Sea")
- Ang Pakakak ("The Tuba") (a one-act drama) (1913)
- Ang Silanganan ("The East" or "The Levant") (a one-act drama) (1904)
Novels
- Juan Masili: Ang Pinuno ng TulisanJuan Masili: Ang Pinuno ng TulisanJuan Masili: Ang Pinuno ng Tulisan is a 1906 Tagalog-language novel written by Filipino novelist Patricio Mariano...
(1906) - Ang mga Anak DalitaAng mga Anak DalitaAng mga Anak Dalita is a 1911 Tagalog-language novel written by Filipino novelist Patricio Mariano. The 73-page novel was published in Manila by Limbagan At Aklatan Ni I.R. Morales during the American era in Philippine history...
(1911) - Ang Tala sa PanghuloAng Tala sa PanghuloAng Tala sa Panghulo is a 1913 Tagalog-language romance novel written by Filipino novelist Patricio Mariano. The 207-page book was published in Manila by R. Martinez and was printed by the Imprenta At Litograpya Ni Juan Fajardo during the American era in Philippine history...
(1913)